Wisła - mtsinje wautali kwambiri mumtsinje wa Baltic

Mtsinje wa Wisla ndi mtsinje waukulu kwambiri ku Poland komanso ku Baltic Sea. Ndi madzi, ndi yachiwiri kwa Neva. Magwero a Vistula ali pa Baranya Mountain pamtunda wa mamita 1,000 pamwamba pa nyanja ku Western Carpathians (Moravian-Silesian Beskids). Zomwe zimayambira ndi Black Hangman ndi White Hangman. Kutalika kwa mtsinjewu kuli makilomita 1047, ndipo dera la beseni liri makilomita 190.5,000. The Vistula ikuyenda mu nyanja ya Baltic pafupi ndi mzinda wa Gdansk. Kuzama kwa Vistula kumalo ena kumafika mamita 7. Zopindulitsa kwambiri za mtsinjewu ndi: San, West Bug, Narew ndi Pilica. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa njirayi ndi mamita 1,000. Madzi opangira ma Vistula amalandira kuchokera kuzinthu zochokera ku Carpathians. Chigumula cha mtsinje chimadalira madzi a meltwater. M'nyengo yozizira komanso m'chilimwe pali kusefukira. Kuphuka kwa madzi komanso mofulumira, komanso madzi oundana, kungachititse kuti madzi azitha kusefukira. Vistula pa mapu a Europe ali pakati.

Kupanga Mtsinje wa Vistula

Pa dziko lapansi mu nyengo ya Quaternary geological , Mtsinje wa Vistula unawonekera. Mapu a lero samasonyeza kukula kapena kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka madziwa. Kuchokera apo, glaciation kankafika kugawo la Poland nthawi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo nthawi iliyonse inasintha chigwa cha mtsinjewo. Wisla anatenga zaka 14,000 zapitazo, pamene ayezi wotsiriza a Scandinavia anachoka kumtunda. Koma ngakhale lero mtsinjewu ukupitiriza kupanga, monga zikuwonetseratu ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mphepo kumbali yonse ya bedi la mtsinje ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mabanki. Chinthu chachikulu cha Vistula pakati pa mitsinje ya ku Ulaya ndi asymmetry. Izi ndi zotsatira za "ntchito" ya glaciers. Gawo lamanzere la basinali ndi 27 peresenti, pamene ali kumanja - 73%. Pakati pa Vistula muli mitundu itatu ya malo: dera la mapiri a Carpathian, West Europe Upland ndi East European Plain.

Mbiri ya mtsinje ndi madera apafupi

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtsinje wa Wisla umatchulidwa mu mbiri yakale ya Pliny Wamkulu. M'zaka za m'ma 2000 AD, katswiri wina wakale wa Chigiriki dzina lake Ptolemy analemba kuti ndi malire a malire a dziko la Sarmati ndi a Germany. Kale ku Roma, beseni la Mtsinje wa Vistula ankaonedwa kuti ndi dziko la mafuko achi German. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Asilavo ndi madera awa kunayamba m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. The Vistula inakhazikitsa dziko ndi zikuluzikulu zitatu: Krakow, Straduve ndi Sandomierz. M'zaka za zana la 10 dziko linagonjetsedwa ndi mtundu wina wa Asilavo - malo odyetserako, omwe adalimbikitsa dziko la Poland lero. Krakow anakhalabe likulu. Amuna a ku Poland pano adakongoledwa korona mpaka 1610, pamene Warsaw anakhala likulu la boma. Ma Vistula nthawi zonse akhalabe njira yofunika kwambiri yochokera ku Ulaya kupita ku nyanja ya Baltic.

Zofunika zachuma za Vistula

Wisla (Poland) ndi mitsempha yaikulu kwambiri ya madzi m'dzikoli. Lili ndi madzi okwanira 60 peresenti, ndipo beseni yake ikuphatikiza theka la dera la boma. Padziko lonse la Poland, mtsinje wa Vistula uli ndi udindo waukulu. Yakhala ndi katundu wonyamula katundu ndi sitima zapamadzi zowonongeka kwa matani 500. Pali magetsi ambiri a magetsi oyendetsa magetsi ku Vistula, wamkulu kwambiri mwawo ndi Wloclawek hydroelectric power station. Mphamvu zake zoposa 160 MW. Kuwonjezera pa madzi ogulitsa katundu ku Poland, mtsinjewu umapereka madzi kwa mabungwe ogulitsa mafakitale, monga chomera cha Novaya Guta chomera metallurgical ndi chimphona chachikulu cha Kotovice, Płock, masewera a petrochemical, msonkhano wa FAS (Warsaw galimoto factory), zomera za nitrogen feteleza ku Wlocllavik ndi ena ambiri.

Masewera, zosangalatsa ndi zokopa alendo

Mtsinje wa Wisla umakondweretsa zosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana. Uku ndi kuyendayenda ndi madzi, komanso maulendo a mtsinje. Pali malo awiri okongola: mkamwa ndi Vepsha. Mtsinje ukuyenda kudutsa mizinda yayikulu ya ku Poland monga Warsaw, Krakow, Gdansk, Wloclawek, Plock, Tarnobrzeg, Torun ndi ena. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chilumba cha Gdańsk Gulf of Westerplatte, kumene nkhondo yoyamba yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inachitika. Kuyenda pa Vistula, mukhoza kuona zipilala zodabwitsa za zomangamanga ndi mbiri: Cathedral of Saints Stanislaus ndi Wenceslas ku Krakow, Old Town ku Tarnobrzeg, Royal Castle, Lazink ndi nyumba za pulezidenti ku Warsaw, Bridge ku Solidarity Bridge ku Plock, Town Hall ndi Royal Chapel ku Gdansk, nyumba Wolemba nyenyezi wotchuka Nicholas Copernicus ku Toruń, nyumba yachifumu ndi park pamodzi Czartoryski ku Pulava. Maseŵera apostula m'mayiko aposachedwapa ali ndi maulendo okaona malo ochezera alendo.