Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov: mbiri, zithunzi ndi ndemanga

Pa mtima wa mzindawo, kutsinde Chernigov, otchuka moyera-kachisi. Iye korona domes asanu ndi nsanja za mawonekedwe conical. Izi chipilala lapadera kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi - kusandulika Cathedral mu Chernigov.

masiku chidwi

Kwa nthawi yaitali, mpingo Orthodox ndi wamkulu mwa nyumba ofanana kuyambira nthawi kalonga. Inde, anali ndi funso Otsala. Koma kafukufuku wa posachedwapa wasonyeza kuti wamkulu ndi St. Sophia Cathedral, amene ndodo kumbuyo mu 2010 ananena kuti iwowa anakhazikitsidwa mu 1011. Monga umboni iwo anabweretsa zolemba zambiri pa makoma ake. Ngakhale Baibulo izi komabe anakhazikitsa kwathunthu, koma ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti chaka pamene Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernihiv anakhazikitsidwa - 1036-TH.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1024 wotchuka Chernigov Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich Hrabry anapambana yaitali internecine nkhondo ndi kuyamba kukuza kwambiri umwini wake. mayiko ake linayambira ku Sivershchyna ku North Caucasus. Panthawi imeneyi m'dera Dneshnego Castle Detintsa kapena monga chimatchedwa, anayamba kumanga bwalo kalonga lalikulu yemwe. Uku kunali kapangidwe chapakati ndi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov, amene mbiri inextricably zogwirizana ndi mbiri ya Kievan Lazaro.

Ndizodziwika kuti m'chaka chomwecho tate wake anamwalira. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake, mpanda wa kachisi, umboni ndi olemba ndi, anali kale anamuukitsa kwa kutalika mamita anayi.

Yosatha kale mnthawi ya ulamuliro wa Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, wokongola kwambiri Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernihiv anali kachisi yaikulu ya dzikolo. Pamene anali osowa zozizwitsayo zithunzi zambiri, zotsalira za oyera mtima.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Prince Olimba Mtima, tate wake, kuyambira yomanga tchalitchi anavula ambuye onse. Iwo zinatumizidwa kuti pomanga mpingo wa St. Novgorod Sofia. Choncho, anamaliza Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernihiv anali basi pakati pa zaka za m'ma leveni.

mtengo

Kwa zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi mazana anali tchalitchi cha m'dera m'deralo. Iye ankaona ngati likulu la moyo pagulu ndi chikhalidwe. Pansi arches ake m'manda ambiri a akalonga ndi mbuye wauzimu. Apa zotsalira za Prince Mstislav wolimba ndi Svyatoslav Yaroslavovych ndi ana ake Oleg ndi Gleb. Mu 1246 apa ofera oyera Michael ndi Fedor anakwiriridwa. Komabe, mu 1572-m, ndi dongosolo la Ivan m'khutu, iwo ayenera kuti kuwapititsa ku Moscow.

Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti izi ndi pamene anaikidwa Prince Igor - ndi ngwazi za "The nthano ya Misonkhano Igor ndi". Iye analamulira Chernigov ku TH 1198 zaka 1201-TH. Nawa m'manda hierarchs a m'dera m'dera Lazar Baranavichy ndi Ambrose Dubkevich. Mu nthawi ya Russia wakale Cathedral ndi imodzi mwa ambiri, zithunzi mwina akulemekezedwa mu Russia - Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, kapena Hodegetria. Komabe, patapita kanthawi Vladimir Monomakh kunapangitsa Pamalo Smolensk.

General view

Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov, lomwe limasonyeza dongosolo wamkulu mokwanira kwa zaka Russian mfundo - 18,25h27 mamita - atatu nave kapangidwe ndi apses atatu ndi mizati isanu anamanganso kangapo. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi Mwachitsanzo, ali nsanja awiri anali overbuilt. Ndipo pambuyo kuti Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernihiv nawo maonekedwe.

padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa wapakamwa ndi zovuta kwambiri kaso zomangamanga ndi njerwa zobisika pafupi. Chokongoletsedwa pilasters pachiyambi, m'mene mu gawo loyamba - pafupifupi mosabisa, pamene lachiwiri - pakati.

Okhudza malo kulera, ndilo la Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov (chithunzi aubweretse kunyumba munthu aliyense, kubwera ku mzinda), ndi wapadera. Kapangidwe izi choyambirira osati wogwidwa ndi akachisi akale.

The zofukulidwa anaulula kuti kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino kum'mawa kwa nyumba zikuluzikulu adaonjezeredwa ku tchalitchi ang'ono amene sanapulumuke masiku ano. Ndipo lero, Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov, chithunzi chimene chiri umboni wa mtengo popanda iwo.

Sanasunge yozungulira nsanja ndi pafupi kumpoto kwa khonde. Iye anatsogolera pa zomera masitepe. Ndi kum'mwera poyamba anali Ufumuyo trehapsidny mpingo waung'ono, umene unali ubatizo. Komanso, mu 1239 pa tchalitchi pa nkhondo ya Chitata anali pafupifupi kuwonongedwa, wagwa arches ndi domes.

Yankho mapulani

Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov kalembedwe yomwe ndi pawiri la dera mtanda mzikiti Byzantine kachisi ndi zinthu zina chibwenzi tchalitchi wokongola kwambiri. Mu ndondomeko ya kumanga mbuye ntchito luso zomangamanga losanganikirana. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi plinth kwa Old Russian zomangamanga ndi khalidwe woonda yopsereza njerwa - mwala zachilengedwe ankagwiritsa ntchito. Mapulani amene anaphunzira mfundo yomanga luso, pochita nacho chidwi ananena kuti njira zaphindu wa tchalitchi modabwitsa bwino, pafupifupi wangwiro.

Zotsatira za nthawi

Pafupifupi zaka chikwi za mbiri izi chipilala wakale chikhalidwe anakumana chiwonongeko ambiri ndi kumanganso nyumba. Mu zaka pamene Chernigov mu 1239 anatengedwa ndi asilikali Khan Mangu, pa tchalitchi kakusintha ndi looting wathunthu. Malinga ndi nthano, izo kuno kutsekedwa, kumbuyo, ndi zokometsera lotsiriza la mzinda wagwa. Kumenyana anatsogolera Chernigov Prince Mstislav. mkazi wake, kuti si kugwa m'manja a adani, analumpha kuchokera mazenera a nsanja ofiira a tchalitchi.

Episcopal akaona ankangomusamutsira Chernigov mu mzinda wa Bryansk. Izo zinali kokha mu 1675 - pamene Bishopu Lazaro Baranovichi - anayamba kuchitidwa ntchito yokonzanso. Pamenepo overbuilt apse.

kukhazikitsanso

Utatha ziŵalo bwino mpingo ikuchitika 1791-1798, motero, pambuyo moto, pamene nyumbayo kwambiri kuonongeka. Iwo anali pa nthawi ino, ambiri frescoes wakale Russian anasowa.

Mbiri analemba kuti mu 1783 mamita mu Chernihiv akudutsa Potemkin, amene kwambiri chidwi kwambiri mu tchalitchi ichi. Chifukwa cha pempho lake kukonza wakhala allocated ndalama zokwanira. Komabe, mwatsoka, ndi kukonzanso oposa kuvulala kachisi. Zinabweretsa zoipa zimene omwe sakanakhoza ngakhale chiwonongeko m'mbuyomo.

Ndiye mbali ya Cathedral nsanja ziwiri zisonga adaonjezeredwa. Izi zinali kupereka tchalitchi kufanana zina ndi mpingo. Komanso, amatumikira sundial a.

mkati

Mkati mwa Cathedral anamvera wapadera ndi okhwima kuphatikiza verticals ndi horizontals. Makamaka ofunika ponena zotsalira wakale monga frescoes ndi reliefs pa parapets makolasi ndipo poyamba anaika yachiwiri. Mwatsoka, zonse chisanadze Mongol chokongoletsera kachisi anakhalabe, ndi chimene anabwera kwa ife, anapulumutsidwa mu zidutswa ndi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Mbali yaikulu ya zojambula mkati moto mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu.

Wotchuka Zojambula pakhoma "Wofanana Atumwi Thecla" chinatha mu 30 ntchentche za Bolsheviks, ndiyeno anawonongedwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Otsala ochepa, koma wakale kwambiri zojambula mawanga kuoneka movutikira kuwona chithunzi cha frescoes m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Iwo likukhalira kuti mkati mwa tchalitchi anali kachiwiri utoto 1820-m, ndi theka patapita zaka kusinthidwa. Izo zinali ndiye anapha zojambula wakale.

Chifukwa cha zofufuza mkati pa tchalitchi zidutswa yotsalira ya pansi ankagwidwa, pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Choyambirira ❖ kuyanika inkakhala slabs wa slate, imene zojambula anali ophatikizidwa chodzaza zithunzi. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi mabwalo concentric. Poyamba, guwa mkati pansi anali kunapangitsa ndi matailosi ceramic Khoma. Komabe, m'zaka akhumi izo m'malo ndi kuiwaliratu midadada yosalala. Zopindulitsa mu mbali chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale ndi kuiwaliratu reliefs pa makwaya kampanda.

Mkati mwa chipinda elongated mwangwiro Chili ndi Anachotsa mkati arcades kuti kuuluka mu malo mzikiti. Kwa kutalika unali wokonzeka adzikometsa matabwa a kwaya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Iwo kumapangitsanso magawano yopingasa wa ulemerero mkati. arcades Awa kwambiri khalidwe la zomangamanga Byzantine a chi. Komabe, iwo ali osowa masiku a Kievan Lazaro. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu khalidwe, umene uli wotchuka Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov, amene ndi ulemerero wa chovala ake sanali kulolera mipingo throned wotchuka.

Features

Akukhulupirira kuti omanga kachisi mobwerezabwereza kumlingo chiwembu cha Mpingo Limodzi - mwala woyamba mpingo Old Russian boma. Komanso, adapempha kuti amisiri amene analenga tchalitchi mu Chernigov ndi Kiev Sophia, anali m'gulu la munda Byzantine.

Iwo kalekale analipo ndi mwambo wakale wa kachisi anapachika mbendera ya zokometsera mzindawo. Chiyambireni cha m'ma otsiriza anasonyeza pano ndi Cossack mbendera ndi mbendera khumi Chernigov asilikali pa nkhondo ndi Napoleon , ndi khumi Crimea nkhondo.

tiakachisi

Mu sacristy akadali akuzisunga kwambiri zinthu mapemphero. Ena mwa iwo anapereka ndi nzika za Mpingo ndi wofunika kwambiri. Pakati pawo, malipiro a Uthenga Wabwino - chidutswa wapadera wa ntchito, omwe akweza fano.

Amadziwika kuti guwa anali siliva gilt tiered sarcophagus yolemera makilogalamu sikisitini. Ali kumeneko mu Chernigov mu 1787 Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri anaupatsa mpingo wakale wa katolika mtanda ndi mpando, komanso zovala ambiri akale.

Tiakachisi waukulu imapachikidwa pano mpaka 1917, anali zotsalira za Metropolitan Constantine ndi Prince Igor Olgovich. Anakwiriridwa mu makoma a kachisi. Komanso, komanso anali zotsalira za St. Theodosius ndi Uglich - Bishopu wamkulu wa Chernigov, womwe unali wotseguka mu reliquary siliva, wolemera pafupi awiri makilogalamu.

Komanso masitolo ndi m'modzi wa zithunzi kwambiri akulemekezedwa mu dera Chernihiv - Amayi a Mulungu Ripkinskoy. Koma wotchuka kwambiri imatengedwa mtetezi. Mu nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro kachisi uyu mu Woyera Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov anabweretsa mwana wamkazi wa Mfumu Constantine, amene anakwatira Prince Vsevolod. Anabadwa mu banja ndi Vladimir Monomakh mu 1097 anali bwanamkubwa wa Smolensk, kumene anamanganso kachisi. Nditamaliza izo, anasamukira chizindikirochi ku Chernigov. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo iye anayamba kuitana Smolensk. Akuti chifukwa cha iye Batu Khan mu 1239 analephera kutenga mzinda.

kachisi lero

Kwa linakhalapo, ndi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral mu Chernigov, ndandanda wa ntchito zomwe lero mukudziwa chipembedzowo onse, anali malo amene adzalemekezedwa yosavuta osati Akristu wamba, koma olemekezeka a m'banja lachifumu amene analamulira Russian Ufumu, pamene akuphatikizapo akadali unali mbali ya Ukraine. kachisi wa kutetezedwa zipilala chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Kuphunzira mbiri ndi mapulani zochititsa mpaka posachedwapa. Panopa Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral umakhala ndi kutetezedwa ndi boma, ndi mbali ya paki mbiri wotchedwa "Ancient Chernihiv".