Cruiser oti muli nazo zida "Rurik" (1892). Zombo za Russian Imperial Navy

Russian cruiser "Rurik" zinadziwika mu zikomo dziko kuti nkhondo wosiyana mu Korea Gulf pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Atazungulira adalira anaganiza kumira m`chombo, motero kuti alibe mdani wa. Pamaso kugonjetsedwa mu cruiser Korea Bay anakwanitsa kwa miyezi kumwazikana mphamvu za zombo Japanese, kubwera ku kuukira kwa Vladivostok.

yomanga

Wotchuka oti muli nazo zida cruiser "Rurik" anali brainchild wa mbewu Baltic. chombo chinalengedwa kutentha kwa mtundu asilikali ndi bulu British. chombo amayenera kukhala analogue woyenera English cruisers kudya "Blake." Mu 1888, a Baltic mbewu akatswiri akhala akuganizira ntchito kusodza kwa asilikali Chikhacheva ndi Naval Committee zaumisiri (ITC).

Choyesera ntchito anali redesigned. M'tsogolo MTK cruiser "Rurik" tichotse ena zolakwika kapangidwe ndi zipangizo luso. Zojambula akhala ovomerezedwa ndi Mfumu Alexander III. Yomanga inayamba pa May 19, 1890. Patatha zaka ziwiri ntchito Baltic doko la zombo zapanyanja anakonza cruiser "Rurik". Iwo unayambitsidwa mu 1892, ndipo mu 1895, chombo, achita m'Mphamvu.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti sitimayo adzakhala woyamba pa nkhani cruisers ofanana. Anamanga pambuyo "Stormbreaker" ndi "Russia" sanali abale amapasa, ndi zosintha (ndi kusamutsidwa kuchuluka). N'zochititsa chidwi kuti "Rurik" cruiser lakonzedwa kukhala mwayi interceptor zombo British ogulitsa. Iye ankayenera kuti kotero ntchito chochitika cha nkhondo ndi Great Britain. Komanso, mawu Buku anali ayenera kulenga galimoto kuti ndikasendeza ku Nyanja Baltic ku East Far popanda imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta ndi malasha. Kupita njira iyi, oyendetsa anali ulendo wozungulira nyanja kum'mwera ndipo pafupifupi onse a Europe ndi ku Asia.

Mu Pacific zombo

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo cruiser "Rurik" anali kumangidwa, Navy anaganiza mponyeni m'chitsime Pacific Ocean. redeployment wakhala kugwirizana ndi escalation cha mavuto Far East. Malo a kalembera wa ngalawa latsopano linali doko la Vladivostok. Anazindikira nkhondo ndi United Ufumu sizinachitike.

M'malo mwake, mu February 1904 Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Panthawi imeneyi, "Rurik", mwachizolowezi, anali mu Vladivostok. Otsatidwa ndi dongosolo kupita kunyanja ndi kukantha pa Sino-Japanese malonda ndi madzi zoyendera. Kupita ku zombo panyanja anasinthanitsa sawatcha mzinda. Ankapita khamu la anthu wamba. Ntchito yaikulu ya squadron, amene kuwonjezera pa "Rurik" inkakhala "Bogatyr", "Russia" ndi "Stormbreaker" ndi zinthu zina mphamvu Japanese. Ngati zombo mdani lidagawikana, ndiye kuteteza mpanda wolimba wa Port Arthur adzakhala mosavuta.

"Rurik", zinthu nyanja ya Japan, anali kuwononga sitima zapamadzi onyamula asilikali ndi katundu wa asilikali, zombo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo ili pa magombe a nyumba mdani. Monga cruiser anali kwambiri chakale kuchita kukwera zinangokhala gulu lonse osati payekha. Vladivostok squadron anabwerera yekha kwa magalimoto zofunika kubwezeretsanso chakudya nkutha.

Ndawala yoyamba

Woyamba ulendo cruiser anagunda Tsugaru Khwalala. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti chandamale lotsatira lidzakhala mzinda wa Wonsan (ano Wonsan). Komabe, mu njira ya ngalawa wagwidwa mkuntho. Popeza idali nyengo yozizira pa kalendala, madzi amene amachoka mu mfuti, posachedwapa anatembenukira kwa ayezi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, squadron anakhala osayenera kanthu. Weather ndi nyengo zinthu zinali kwenikweni zopambana. Kuti achoke Vladivostok cruisers anali kudikirira Chombo adzatsegula njira yawo kupyolera Bay achisanu.

Ndicho chimene anachitazi anayambitsa boma la Russia kutenga linga Chinese wa Port Arthur. doko ake si kuzizira. Pamalo abwino zofunika ndi yabwino Port Arthur amafuna kutenga Japanese. Mzinda ndi zombo amene anali mumzindawo anali oletsedwa. Squadron "Rurik" anali kumwazikana magulu ankhondo pofuna kuthetsa vuto la doko mpaka reinforcements zombo za Baltic zombo. Chifukwa icing mfuti kumuwombera iye anabwerera mwachidule kwa Vladivostok.

chitetezo Vladivostok

anakonza "Rurik" The doko mfiti. Cruiser (mtundu umene anali oti muli nazo zida) kudzadza chakudya, ndipo kachiwiri kugunda msewu. Kampeni chachiwiri. panalibe zombo Japanese pa nyanja. Koma ngakhale ulendo wa squadron Russian amakakamizidwa mdani kuponya mbali ya asilikali awo kuti aopseze Russian.

Mu March, pa squadron mdani, anasiya Nyanja Yellow kwa chilumba cha Askold mu Peter Wamkulu Bay pafupi Vladivostok. Mu wagawo anali atsopano Japanese nsanja cruiser "Azuma", "Izumo", "Yakumo" ndi "Iwate". Iwo anali limodzi ndi zombo pang'ono kuwala. The squadron anatsegula moto pa Vladivostok. The zipolopolo anaulukira kwa mzinda si koma anthu sanali anachita mantha pang'ono. "Rurik" kulemedwa nangula pa doko mkati mphindi khumi pambuyo akatemera woyamba adawomba. Mu Bay panali ayezi. Iwo chinalepheretsa kuchoka mofulumira ku doko. cruisers detachment anali mu Ussuri Bay pa nthawi imene Japanese kale anasiya malo awo. Madzulo, ndi sitima kuyenda wina mailosi makumi awiri, ndipo Nditamuona mdani m'chizimezime naleka. Komanso, Vladivostok anayamba kuopa kuti penapake pafupi ndi Japanese kumanzere kwanga.

mavuto atsopano

Kulephera kwa masiku oyamba a nkhondo zinachititsa kuti ogwira zolowa pa kayendetsedwe ka zombo. Boma tsarist yoikidwiratu mkulu wa asilikali Makarov. Iye anaika pamaso pa "Rurik" ndi squadron wake wa mavuto atsopano. Anaganiza kuti asiye njira cha kuwombera pa gombe Japanese. M'malo mwake, "Rurik" anafunika kupewa kulanda asilikali mdani mu Wonsan. Izi doko Korean kunali beachhead Japanese, kuchokera kumeneko anayamba ntchito nthaka.

Makarov kupita ku nyanja zikuchokera aliyense (kaya ndi zombo kapena magalimoto payekha). Anakambirana pamaziko a chakuti zida Russian wamphamvu kwambiri komanso zothandiza kuposa Japanese. Asilikali zinali zolakwika. Shapkozakidatelskie maganizo mu Russia madzulo a nkhondo zinali ponseponse. anthu Japanese sakuzindikira otsutsa kwambiri.

Chuma cha m'dzikoli kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe kwayekha. Izo zinali kokha zisakuyenda ku Tokyo anayamba kukakamiza kukonza ankhondo ndi asilikali. magulu atsopano zinamangidwa pa chitsanzo European Western. Zida anagulidwa kunja, ndi kokha wabwino. The phukusi Japanese ku Far East mu Moscow anayang'ana pansi, kuganizira upstarts Japanese. Ndi chifukwa cha mkhalidwe umenewu mosasamala ndipo anataya nkhondo lonse. Koma tsopano, ziyembekezo anali bwinobwino, ndipo likulu la chiyembekezo cha zabwino ndi mtima wa a panyanjawa Russian.

wofiira hering'i

Kuposa mwezi umodzi, "Rurik" anali pa doko. Panthawiyi, asilikali Makarov anaphedwa pafupi Port Arthur. Iye anali pa nkhondo "Petropavlovsk", zikugwera pa mgodi dziko. Japanese High Lamulo waganiza kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya asilikali Russian kwa nthawi yaitali sanali tumphuka mwa anamuzungulira Port Arthur. Choncho, Tokyo analamula kuti aphwanye gulu, pogwiritsa mu Vladivostok.

Panthawi imeneyi, "Rurik" anapitiriza msasa. Pa nthawi iyi, squadron anasamukira ku mbali ya mzinda Japanese wa Hakodate. Pa nyanja, iye anagwira zoyendera chotengera, umene kumizidwa ndi oponya, amene anayambitsa "Russia." akaidi anauzidwa kuti pafupi ndi squadron wa asilikali Kamimura. Ndiye zombo Russian anabwerera Vladivostok, ndi sizinawakhudze Hakodate. Ndi mwayi mwayi, izi magulu nthawi anakumana. Kamimura zombo wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa Russian, zomwe zingachititse kuti kugonjetsedwa wokwanira.

Koma ngakhale izi poopsa "Rurik" malo bwinobwino akwanilitse zomwe alingalila. Vladivostok squadron anali kupatulako mbali ya magulu ankhondo kuchokera ku Port Arthur. Popeza April Kamimura zombo ali salinso anasiya Nyanja ya Japan, amene anali yekha pa manja a Russia. Mu May, ndi mwangozi osauka, ndi cruiser "Hercules" anali ndi ngozi, m'manda mu ovuta wa Cape Bruce. Nkhani mu squadron anachoka zombo atatu.

Nkhondowo mu Straits wa Shimonoseki

Patsiku lomaliza la kasupe 1904 atatu cruisers anayamba kumenya kusambira. Asanalowe Khwalala ya Shimonoseki, iwo amapunthwa pa zombo Japanese zoyendera. Radio ntchito mwaluso kuika wailesi kuwasokoneza, chifukwa cha zomwe mdani sanathe kupeleka mavuto kuitana asilikali Kamimura. zombo Japanese anabalalika. M'mawa, chifunga m'chizimezime kulondera cruiser "Tsushima".

chombo anayesa kuthawa ndipo afike kumtunda. Iwo anayamba kufunafuna ambiri. Russian squadron anali wokhoza kuti akakokoloredwe ndi zoyendera ngalawa "Izumo Maru." Iwo anali kumizidwa pambuyo bombardment kwambiri. M'madzi anavula za anthu zana. The ena anasambira mu madera osiyana. Oyeretsa "Rurik" ndi "Russia" anaganiza kuti asiyane "Gromoboya" ndipo anasiya anawalondola.

Pa khomo la Khwalala ya Shimonoseki anayatsa galimoto ina mdani. chombo ngakhale anayesa kupita nkhosa "Gromoboya," koma palibe anadza kwa izo. Iye anawomberedwa pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana osalembapo ndipo atsilize kutali ndi looneka ndi. Sitima kumira. Zinali za asilikali zikwi khumi howitzers zamphamvu, zimene Japanese anali kupita ntchito kwa kuzinga Port Arthur. Malo atazungulira mzinda likuipiraipira. Mu zinthu izi, kwa Vladivostok squadron pafupifupi sanachoke nyanja, ndi ngati mwasiya pa doko, koma mofulumira restock. Nthawi kukonza ndi kuchotsa mbali ankavala sanali.

zipolowe Last

Pambuyo zambiri akuyendetsa August 14, 1904 ndi cruiser "Russia", "Stormbreaker" ndi "Rurik" potsiriza anakumana zombo Japanese. Panali zombo asanu. Iwo laling'onolo la Russian Court zida chitetezo ndi firepower. Vladivostok detachment anapita zombo chithandizo kuyesera zichoke lazungulira ku Port Arthur.

mfuti Japanese anali kuwomba mlingo ndi wamphamvu kuposa 4-khola. chiŵerengero Izi anatsimikiza zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni za nkhondo. Kumayambiriro kwa kugunda pa, zinadziwika kuti mdani ali ndi mwayi. Ndiyeno anaganiza zobwerera zombo ku doko la Vladivostok. Pangani n'zosatheka. Mfuti ya cruiser "Rurik" ayesa kusunga mdani pa mtunda otetezedwa, koma patapita m'thupi ananyoza chombo chakudya muli dzenje loopsa.

Chifukwa cha kugwa unatha ntchito pa chiwongolero, ulamuliro anatayika. The akuthovoka makontena madzi. Utsogoleri wolima ndi kudula anali adalowetsedwa ola. masamba ndi othinana, chifukwa cha zimene oyendetsa chombo anayamba njakata akapolo zinthu. liwiro chombo anapitiriza ndichepe, ngakhale iye anali Inde m'mbuyomu. "Rurik" (cruiser, 1892) anayamba kwanthawi kumbuyo zombo zina squadron lapansi. Distance kuchuluka likunena pakati pawo.

atazunguliridwa

Mu Korea Khwalala Russian squadron anabwera molamulidwa ndi Karl Jessen. Mkulu woyendetsa anazindikira kuti china chake chinalakwika, iye atalamula, "Russian" ndi "Stormbreaker" phimba "Rurik" ndi moto Japanese. Diversionary njira anatsimikizira achabechabe. The oyeretsa la zombo zimenezi anataya katundu wolemera. Amalinyero ndi alonda anagwa akufa pansi moto katundu mdani.

Pachifukwa ichi, "Russia" ndi "Stormbreaker" anakakamizika kusiya Korea Khwalala. Choyamba, Jese ankaganiza kuti Japanese cruisers oti muli nazo zida, kuimira ngozi yaikulu kufunafuna flagship ndi kusiya "Rurik" ndekha. Mfuti chombo akhoza kumuteteza ku matenda ziwiya m'mapapo. Ngati gulu mwamsanga kudzudzulidwa kuwonongeka, ndi cruiser akhoza kupitiriza ulendo kunyumba zawo kapena kupita kwa gombe Korea.

The Japanese kwenikweni anathamangira pambuyo "Russia". Komabe, pamene iye anali asapezedwe ya mfumu Navy zombo zone, anabwerera kunkhondo. Panthawi imeneyi, "Rurik" anali kuyesera kuti akamagwiritsa ndipo anapitiriza kukana, ngakhale chifukwa kuwononga firepower wake kwambiri wofooka. Ndiye adalira anayesa nkhosa zombo Japanese kuwala. Anthu amatha kupewa ndi monga kukonzekereratu anasamuka pa mtunda wautali. Onse iwo asiya, choncho ndi kudikira mpaka chombo wayamba kumira atazunguliridwa ndi imfa ya cruiser "Rurik" adzakhala mosalephera. Pomaliza amalinyero Russian linakhazikitsa oponya pa mdani ochitidwa lotsiriza la oponya chubu. Komabe, chandamale chida sizinkagunda.

Order Ivanov satini

Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo anafa mkulu "Rurik" Evgeny Trusov. N'kufa ndipo anali msilikali okalamba amene amayenera m'malo mwake. A okwana anthu 800 anaphedwa mu timu ya 200, ndipo pafupifupi 300 anavulala. Womalizira kapitawo mkulu anaonekera Konstantin Ivanov. Kumapeto kwa maola asanu nkhondo, pamene zotsatira zake zinali kale momveka, munthu amene anatenga lamulo.

Pakali pano, Japanese anayamba kupereka chizindikiro kuti iwo ali wokonzeka kulandira Kudzipereka mdani. Squadron analamula asilikali Kamimura Hikonodzo. Iye anali atangobwera kumene kuchokera kufunafuna "Russia" ndi "Gromoboya" ndipo tsopano akuyembekezera kuti ayankhe azungulira adalira. Pamene John anazindikira kuti njira zonse kukana akhala wotopa, analamula kumira sitimayo. Kawirikawiri Russian zombo ntchito Mwaichi, milandu wapadera, zomwe kuchichepetsa chotengeracho. Koma nthawi imeneyi zinawonongeka. Ndiye adalira anaganiza kutsegula Kingston - mavavu wapadera. Kenaka madzi anazitsanulira mwa dongosolo sitimayo kwambiri. "Rurik" (cruiser 1892) msanga kumizidwa, linatembenuzika, woyamba kumanzere, ndiyeno kwathunthu pansi madzi.

Feat ndi ulemerero cruiser

Russia anasiya Chirasha Japanese nkhondo, koma ankhondo ake ndi bulu kachiwiri padziko lonse asonyeza kulimba mtima kwawo ndi kudzipereka kwa ntchito. Mu Korea Khwalala cruiser "Rurik" inawombana ndi zombo kuti anali zambiri zamakono ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa iye. Zombo lotha ndi zida osauka Komabe, anatenga nkhondo. Feat cruiser "Rurik" anali wofunika kwambiri osati kunyumba komanso m'mayiko ena, ndipo ngakhale Japan.

Konstantin Ivanov Mkulu adalira anafooka chiwerengero 13. unali mwambo panyanja kuti chimafikira kwa namesakes lapansi. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi kubwerera kwawo, iye anali kupereka mphoto zambiri (monga comrades ake onse). Mfumu atamva za chipinda chake, lamuloli apamwamba anasintha dzina la msilikali. Konstantin Ivanov Konstantin Ivanov anayamba khumi ndi zitatu. Masiku ano, bulu Russian akupitiriza kukumbukira ungwazi ndi kutumikira mokhulupirika kwa cruiser lapansi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti 1890 chombo anatumikira monga mkulu wothandizira wa ulonda Alexander Kolchak. Patapita anakhala asilikali, ndiyeno - mmodzi wa atsogoleri a White kuyenda ndi adani yaikulu ya boma latsopano Bolshevik.

Mu 1906, a cruiser "Rurik 2" unayambitsidwa. Izo zinali dzina lake polemekeza kuloŵedwa m'malo ake, anasefukira pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. chombo anakhala flagship ya Baltic zombo. The cruiser "Rurik 2" anatenga gawo mu yoyamba ya padziko lonse, zikubweretsa moto zonse ndi makhoti German. Ngalawayi anaphanso. Iwo unamenya mgodi 20 November 1916 gombe la Gotland.