Kutupa: mawonekedwe ndi ntchito za organelles m'maselo ndi zinyama

Imodzi mwa nyumba zosatha za maselo ndi zinyama ndizopuma. Komabe, kusiyana pakati pa mapangidwe awo ndi ntchito zawo m'magulu awa a zamoyo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kodi chosowa ndi chiyani, kapangidwe ndi ntchito za dongosololi zidzakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu nkhaniyi.

Kodi vacuole ndi chiyani?

Kutupa, zizindikiro za mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zomwe zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri, zimachokera ku memphane vesicles a endoplasmic reticulum ndi Golgi complex. Zonsezi zimagwiritsa ntchito membrane single membrane organelles. Zili m'kati mwa maselo a eukaryotiki .

Kutupa: mawonekedwe ndi ntchito (tebulo)

Ngakhale kuti ndizochokera pachiyambi, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Kumene malo osasunthika, mapangidwe ndi ntchito za bungwe zimapezeka, malingana ndi malo - deta zonsezi zili mu tebulo.

Chomera Chomera

Chotupa, chomwe mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zomwe tikuziganizira tsopano, zimakhala ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Ali m'maselo obzala mbewu, amadzaza malo onse otchedwa cytoplasm, omwe amalekanitsidwa ndi chipolopolo chake - tonoplast. Mtundu uwu wa vacuole ndi mpanda wodzaza ndi selo yopsa. Ndi madzi ochokera m'madzi. Mmenemo, mchere, polysaccharides, mapuloteni monomers, ndi zina zimasungunuka. Ndi mtundu wa malo omwe zinthu zonse zofunika zimasungidwa. Amathandiza maselo kuti athe kupulumuka nthawi zonse zosasangalatsa. Mu zina zotupa zamagetsi zamagetsi za metabolism, mwachitsanzo, alkaloids, tannins, madzi amadzi amaunjikira. Iwo samangokhala malo okhawo, koma amatetezeranso ntchito, kuopseza nyama zambiri ndi chisangalalo chosasangalatsa cha astringent.

Contractile vacuoles

M'maselo a zinyama zosagwira ntchito pali mgwirizano wamagetsi. Mapangidwe ake ndi ntchito zake ndi zosiyana. Ndi mitsempha yowonongeka yomwe imawongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya m'magazi ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, amoeba ndi infusoria amakhala m'madzi a m'nyanja, mchere wambiri umene umakhala wamtunduwu kuposa wamtundu wawo. Malinga ndi malamulo a sayansi, madzi amalowa mu khola la nyama - kuchokera kumalo okhala ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba kufika pamtunda. Chifukwa cha njira yotereyi, imfa ya zamoyo zikanachitika mosayembekezereka. Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa amachititsa madzi ochulukirapo kwambiri ndi salitsi kutuluka mmenemo, kukhala ndi turgor ya selo nthawi zonse, kukhala "limba" la excretion.

Kupuma kwapadera

Izi zimakhala zofunikira zamoyo zamoyo. M'maselo osungunuka, amawoneka ngati thovu zomwe zimalowa mkati ndipo zimakumbidwa. Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi kagayidwe kake kamapezeka paliponse mu memphane kapena mu dzenje lapadera - ufa. M'zinthu zamitundu yambiri, mawonekedwe apadera a vacuoles ndi ma lysosomes. Awa ndi organelles osakanikirana omwe ali ndi michere ya hydrolytic. Mazira amtunduwu amachititsa kuti pinot ndi phagocytosis zisamangodalira zakudya zokha, koma zimakhalanso ndi maselo akufa.

Choncho, zopanda ntchito, kapangidwe ndi ntchito zomwe talingalira, zimapezeka mu maselo a zinyama ndi zinyama. Malingana ndi malowa, ikhoza kusungirako ntchito, kusamalira zakudya ndi kugwiritsira ntchito.