Kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba kwakukulu: kusagwirizana ndi teknoloji

Zojambula zamakono pokhapokha zingawoneke zosavuta komanso zosasangalatsa. Zoona, zimakhala ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Kungodziwa ndi kumvetsa, mungathe kukonza mbale yabwino. Kukonzekera zakudya nthawi zambiri ndi kofunika kuposa kuphika chakudya. Makamaka zimakhudza nyama ndi nsomba. Lero tikambirana funso ngati teknoloji yoyamba yokonza nsomba. Kalasi ya 6 m'masukulu omwe ali ndi maphunziro "Technology" kapena "kuphika", amalingalira mwachidule nkhaniyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikhoza kuchita ndi inu.

Zotsatira za nsomba zoyamba za nsomba:

1. Thawing nsomba zozizira.
2. Kuchotsedwa kwazomwe.
3. Kutulutsidwa kwa nsomba kuchokera ku zowonongeka ndi mbali zopanda kanthu (mutu, mapiko, mchira).
4. Plastovanie, kapena kupereka nsombazo mawonekedwe abwino.

Gawo lirilonse lidzalingaliridwa mosiyana.

Thawing

Kawirikawiri, chithandizo chofunika kwambiri cha nsomba chimayamba ndi kudula. Nsomba 90% zimagwidwa kutali ndi gombe, kotero izo zikhoza kukhala panjira kwa miyezi. Kuti nsomba sizimatha, imakhala yozizira pa sitimayo, ndipo nthawi zina imayambanso kusamba. Njira imodzi, nsomba yoteroyo iyenera kuti ikhale thawed. Zikuwoneka kuti pano zingakhale zovuta? Ndipotu, ngati osaphunzira kuwerenga nsomba akhoza kutaya zakudya ndi zakudya.

Ndondomekoyi sizimavuta: muyenera kudzaza nsomba ndi madzi ozizira pa chiwerengero cha 1: 2 ndikudikirira maola 1.5 mpaka 4. Nthaŵi yogwedeza imadalira kukula kwa nsomba. Kuti mankhwalawa sanatayike zakudya zowonjezera, madzi akhoza kutsanulidwa. Pakilogalamu imodzi ya nsomba imatha kufika 15 magalamu a mchere.

Kuthamanga m'madzi otentha

Ambiri amafulumira kutsanulira nsomba ndi madzi ofunda kapena otentha. Inu simungakhoze kuchita izi. Zoona zake n'zakuti nsomba zikagona mumadzi, kutentha kumene kumadutsa madigiri 40, mapuloteni ena amatsitsa. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe amapeza kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kutayika kwa madzi a minofu pamene kudula kukuwonjezeka. Mitundu yakunja ya nyama imakhala yovuta, kununkhira kwa nsomba za stale kumawonekera.

Ngati nsomba imadonthozedwa m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20, idzayamwa chinyezi ndipo idzawonjezeka ndi 5-10%. Izi zidzatherapo kutayika kwa chinyezi chomwe chimachitika nthawi yosungirako nsomba zozizira. Mchere m'madzi amawonjezeredwa kuti athe kulipira mchere wa zinthu zomwe zimachitika pamene mankhwalawa amatha.

Kuthamanga mumlengalenga

Mankhwala odzola amafunidwa kuti asungunuka popanda madzi ndi kutentha. Mlengalenga, mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya nsomba imathandizidwanso. Nsomba ziyenera kufalikira patebulo ndikuphimba ndi pulasitiki kuti zisawonongeke.

Sitikulimbikitsanso kubwezeretsa nsomba za thawed, chifukwa zimatha kutaya madzi ambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukoma kwake kudzasiya kwambiri. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, sikuli koyenera kuchita nsomba za thawed (mobisa, kumenyedwa, etc.).

Zowonjezera processing

Nsomba za Mtsinje zimalimbikitsidwa mwamsanga mutangoyamba kugwedeza. Kupalasa sikununkhiza ngati mathithi, imayenera kusambitsidwa ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri. Ngati nsomba imatulutsa kununkhira kwa dothi, imayambitsanso mchere wambiri. Ambiri amavuta amabweretsa burbot ndi eel - mtundu wa nsomba, omwe khungu lawo limaphimbidwa ndi ntchentche. Kuti ukhale woyera komanso wowala, uyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito mchere. Nkhumbazo zimafalikira ndi gruel, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mchere ndi phulusa, zokhudzana ndi chiwerengero cha 1: 1. Pambuyo pa mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu, nsomba zimatsukidwa. Kuchokera pamatope sikukhalabe tsatanetsatane.

Nsomba za m'nyanja zimakhalanso ndi fungo lapadera. Pochotseratu, nsomba zophika ndi kusambidwa kwa mphindi 15-20 musanayambe kuphika ayenera kuthira madzi a mandimu kapena vinyo wosasa. Nthawi zina, kuchotsa fungo losasangalatsa la nsomba mukamaphika, nkhaka yamafuta imaphatikizidwa kumadzi, ndipo phwetekere imaphatikizidwa ku madzi ikaphika. Zidzakhalanso zodabwitsa kuwonjezera masamba a laurel, udzu winawake ndi zonunkhira zina.

Tsopano ndi bwino kuyambitsa gawo lotsatira, lomwe limaphatikizapo kukonza nsomba yoyamba - kuyeretsa.

Kusamba nsomba

Chithandizo chofunika kwambiri cha nsomba zowawa chimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa. Kuthetsa nsomba mpaka mapeto sikuvomerezedwa. M'dziko lachisanu, ndi kosavuta kuti tipite patsogolo. Kuyeretsa kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu wa nsomba ndi mbale yophika. Komabe, pali njira zowonjezereka zoyeretsera ndi kudula.

Njira yoyamba ndi yofunika kwambiri ngati nsomba imagwiritsidwa ntchito, "mafupa" kapena zidutswa popanda kuchotsa mafupa, mu mawonekedwe okazinga kapena owiritsa. Miyeso imachotsedwa mosavuta, makamaka ngati pali zipangizo zamakono mu zida za chef. Ngati salipo, masikelo amadulidwa khungu ndi chithandizo cha mpeni wambiri. Ndibwino kuti muzisamala kuti musadutse khungu. Njira ina - kuyenga mamba. Kuti muyeso sizingabalalitse, ndibwino kuti muike nsomba muchitsime cha madzi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zapadera, kufotokozera mwachidule kwa zomwe sizipereka lingaliro lathunthu la sayansi, liri ndi maonekedwe ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pali njira zingapo zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa mamba a nsomba. Zili zogwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba za m'madzi, zomwe zimakhala zochepa komanso zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kutsuka macherel ndi ma horse makkerel, amaika masekondi 20-30 m'madzi otentha. Zomwezo zimachitidwa ndi mzerewu ndi kumangoyamba. Ngati nsomba ina yophikidwa, ndiye kuti sangathe kutsukidwa mamba. Pambuyo kuphika, iye mwiniyo amachoka mwangwiro.

Chinthu chinanso choyenga, chomwe chimayambitsa kutsuka, ndichokusowetsa nsomba ndi vinyo wosasa. Mlingo umakulungidwa ndi vinyo wosasa ndipo umasiyidwa kwa kanthawi, kuti umve. Ndipo kuti poyeretsa nsomba sizingatuluke m'manja mwanu, mukhoza kutsinja zala zanu mchere.

Kudula nsomba

Nsomba zoyamba za nsomba mukatha kutsuka ndi kusamba zimaphatikizapo kudula. Choyamba, zipsepse zimachotsedwa. Mitundu ya nsombazi zomwe zimakhala ndi mapiko oopsa kwambiri, kuti zisawonongeke, zimatha kuchotsedwa mamba isanachotsedwe. Kwa ichi, kuganizira mozama kumapangidwira. Kenaka, mutagwira ndi chopukutira, muyenera kukoka, kuyambira kumchira.

Nsomba zomwe zimapitirira 200 magalamu (gobies, vobla, omul, smelt, mackerel, mahatchi a makerele, ziweto) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwathunthu popanda kudula mtembo. Pambuyo pochotsa mamba muzinthu izi, choyamba chitani ming'oma, kenako nyemba. Kenaka kutengeka kumapangidwa pamimba. Kupyolera mwa iye, amachotsa zitsulo ndi mitsempha, ndipo amasiya mutu. Ndiye nsomba zimatsukidwa.

Plastovanie

Katswiri wamakono opanga nsomba zazikulu amatha kuwonjezera zina. Ndondomekoyi ili ndi magawo atatu: kuchotseratu mpweya wotsekemera, kudula nsonga kumbali imodzi ndikudula nsonga kumbali inayo.

Izi zachitika motere. Nsomba zoyeretsedwa ndizokhazikika zimayikidwa pa tebulo pambali kuti mchira uli kumanzere. Kenaka dzanja lamanzere liyenera kupanikizidwa ku gome, ndipo labwino kuti likhale lopangidwa pansi pa pectoral kumapeto kwa msana. Mnofu umadulidwa mokoma kuchokera ku fupa mpaka kumchira. Zimangokhala kuti tisiyanitse feleti yomaliza kuchokera kumsana ndikuchita chimodzimodzi kumbali inayo.

Kuchotsa khungu

Nsomba zikadalidwa ndi cutlets kapena dumplings, zokololazo zimatsukidwa kuchokera khungu. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kuwerengera mamba. Chotsani khungu, kuyambira mchira, mosamala kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati khungu liduka kapena kudula, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita izi musanakhazikitsidwe.

Pamene nsomba sizikusowa kukanthidwa

Nthawi zina, ntchito yoyamba ya nsomba imapezedwanso. Apa chirichonse chimadalira ntchito ya wophika. Ngati nsomba imafunika kukongoletsa tebulo, imatsalira. Mungathe kuchotsa ziwalozo popanda kudula mimba. Zokwanira zokhazokha pamphepete pamphepete mwa mapepala a gill ndipo, mutadula mutu, chotsani ziwalo zomwe zidzamangirizidwa. Kenaka, mchira ndi mapiko a pectoral amatha, kenako mapiko a thoracic ndi ana amatha. Nyamayo imatsukidwa bwino ndipo imaphika kapena yodulidwa.

Mitundu ina ya nsomba (mackerel, mpendadzuwa, licchia) ali ndi zipsepse zakuthwa kwambiri ndi minga. Chifukwa chaichi, ndondomeko yocheka ndi yovuta kwambiri. Nsomba zamtundu uwu zimakonzedwa kwathunthu pambuyo pa kutuluka.

Magazi amagazi ndi bile

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono, sayansi yamakono yopanga nsomba siimatha. Gulu lachisanu ndi chimodzi la sukulu silingayambe kuphunzira, komabe. Mitundu yonse ya nsomba m'mimba ya m'mimba pamtunda ndi magazi. Ndipo zina (cod, nsomba za nsomba ndi zina) ziwalo za m'mimba zili ndi filimu yakuda ndi imvi. Magazi amagazi, komanso filimu, amafunika kuchotsedwa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni, kupukuta ndi mchere, gauze kapena burashi.

Ndi chisamaliro chapadera ndichochotsa ku chikhodzodzo cha nsomba. Ngati inang'ambika, nsomba zikhoza kuwonongeka. Kudya nyama nyama kudzamupatsa kukoma kowawa. Choncho, malo omwe bile ndiyenera kukhalapo, ndikofunika kusamba bwinobwino ndikupukuta ndi mchere, kapena bwino - kungodula.

Bwanji kuchotsa khungu?

Nzeru yamakono yopanga nsomba ikuphatikizapo kuchotsa mutu (makamaka nyanja), mapiko ake, mchira ndi khungu. Anthu ambiri samvetsa chifukwa chake kuchotsa khungu. Pali mitundu ya nsomba ( mchere, eel, nsomba zazing'ono ndi ena), omwe khungu lawo limasungunuka panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha. Ndipo m'nyanjazi amachepetsedwa kwambiri powotcha kuti imapangitsa kuti nyamayo iwonongeke. Kuwonjezera apo, khungu la nsomba zambiri silinalowetsedwa ndi thupi la munthu. Palinso mitundu yotereyi, yomwe, chifukwa cha kukhutira ndi mchere wa m'nyanja, khungu limakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, lomwe likuwonetsedwa panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha. Choncho, kuti muwatsimikizire za ubwino wokonzekera mbale ndi maonekedwe ake, ndi bwino kuchotsa.

Mu mtundu wonse wonyezimira ndi khungu, khungu limachotsedwa mosavuta. Ndibwino kuti tichite izi mwa kugawaniza nsomba zazing'ono m'magawo awiri. Khunguli limadulidwa bwino ndi mpeni pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yomweyi monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Mitundu yeniyeni

Pokonzekera burbot, eel kapena nsomba zazikulu, khungu lawo limadulidwa mozungulira mutu ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, kulipatula ilo kuchokera kumkati. Zimasintha mtundu wa khungu la nsomba. Kenaka amayamba kutsegula mimba, kudula. Pambuyo pake, patukani mapepalawo ndikudula mutu ndi mchira.

Kupunduka kumatsuka pang'ono mosiyana. Choyamba, chombo cha oblique kuchokera kumbali ya diso chimasiyanitsa mutu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mimba imatsegulidwa ndipo viscera imachotsedwa. Kenaka pewani mamba kuchokera pansi pa nsomba ndikuchotsa khungu pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, mazira a magazi amachotsedwa pamtunda, mapikowo amachotsedwa ndipo nyama imatsukidwa.

Mankhwalawa a Navaga amayamba ndi mdulidwe wambiri wa nsagwada, womwe umalowanso gawo la mimba. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzenje, matumbo amachotsedwa. Kenaka, kudula khungu kumbuyo, kuchotsani ndi chigawo cholimba. Pambuyo pake, chotsani zopserezazo ndi kusamba nsombazo. Zimangokhala kuti ziyike mu zonunkhira zake ndi kutumiza chithandizo cha kutentha.

Mzere musanayambe kuchiritsidwa mukutentha, ndiyeno madzi ozizira. Izi zachitika kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa mamba. Kenaka amachotsedwa ndi mbali yowoneka bwino ya mpeni ndi gutted nsomba mwachizolowezi.

Nkhonoyi imakhala ndi ntchentche yoopsa, choncho nsomba, musanayambe kuchipatala, mosamala mosakaniza ndi mchere ndi kutsuka.

Nsomba-saber imakhala ikugulitsidwa kale. Sichikudziwika. Nsomba zimangokhala zidutswa ndi kuphika. Chinthu chokha chimene chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi kuyeretsa nsomba za filimu yakuda ndikudula.

Zoonjezeredwa

Tsopano tiyeni tione mwachidule mmene mbale za nsomba zimapangidwira. Sayansi yapamwamba yopanga nsomba ndi yogwirizana, koma mbale zambiri zimafuna njira zina zowonjezera. Nsomba zazing'ono (pike, pike-perch, burbot, ambulera, luffar, ndi zina zotero), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya zophika ndi zopaka, zakudya zopanda chotukuka, cutlets ndi zikondamoyo. Nsomba yofatsa ndi yochepa (mafuta, nkhwangwa, sterlet, mullet, mackerel, etc.) amatumizidwa mu mazira ophika, okazinga kapena osakanizidwa, ndi maasi osiyanasiyana. Nsomba zokoma koma zodzikongoletsera (karoti, carp crucip, ruff, perch, bream) zimangotchulidwa mu mawonekedwe achilengedwe okazinga kapena owiritsa. Ndiponso, mitundu yonse yolembedwayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga msuzi. Nsomba yoyamba ya nsomba, kufotokozera kumene tikukambirana, ndi kokha kukonzekera pakuphika. Ndiye palinso ntchito zambiri.

Kuti nsomba zisawonongeke, zidutswa zozungulira. Ndipo chifukwa chowotcha - pa ngodya ya madigiri 45. Kuti nsombayo inali yowutsa mudyo komanso zonunkhira, imakhala mchere, tsabola ndi yofiira ndipo imaikidwa mphindi zisanu kuzizira.

Pofuna kukonzekera nsomba zowonongeka (kawirikawiri nsomba kapena pike) zimakonzedwa kale. Pike imakonzedwa motere. Atatsuka nsomba kuchokera mu mamba, mchirawo umatha ndipo zidutswazo zimachotsedwa pamutu. Kenaka kutengeka kwa khungu kumapangidwa kuzungulira "khosi" kuzungulira zipsepse zamutu. Kuponyera chala pansi pa khungu, chiyenera kupatulidwa mu bwalo kuchokera ku nyama, kenako pang'onong'ono kumbali ya mchira. Chitani ichi mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa ngati khungu likaphulika, mbaleyo sungathe. Nyama yotsala pa iyo imadulidwa. Pofuna kuteteza zipsepse kuti zisasokoneze, khungu limadulidwa mofatsa. Ndiye, khungu likachotsedwa, msana umachotsedwa pa caudal. Choncho khungu limakhala ndi mchira. Kenaka, nyama imatambasula, kutsukidwa ndikupangidwa kuchokera ku nyamayo.

Mwachitsanzo, ganizirani momwe mungakonzekerere pike. Ndi mitembo yomwe imayambitsa, mitembo imadula nyama ndikuipera mu chopukusira nyama, kudutsa sing'anga-kakulidwe kabati. Mu nyama, idakonzeratu mkaka mkate, mchere ndi tsabola. Zonsezi zimagwedezeka kapena ngakhale kamodzinso kudutsa mwa chopukusira nyama. Mu mince ndi yowonjezera batala (kusungunuka kapena kusungunuka), finely akanadulidwa amadyera, adyo ndi browned anyezi. Zonsezi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lofanana, lomwe limapangidwa ndi khungu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupaka zinthu zolimba kwambiri sizimatsatira, kotero kuti chipolopolocho sichikuphulika. Kenaka mutu umasulidwa ku khungu lopindika.

Mitundu yoyamba yokonza nsomba imadalira maonekedwe a mitundu ina. Sudak kupita kumalo osakanikira saphika ngati pike. Pambuyo pochotsa nsomba za mamba, mchira ndi mapiko amkati amachotsedwa. Kenaka mitsempha imachotsedwa pamitu ndi nsomba yosambitsidwa ndi madzi ozizira. Kenaka pitirizani kuchotsa khungu. Pachifukwachi, nsomba zili pambali pawo, kudutsa pa tebulo, ndi mutu wawo kwa iwo okha. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzanja limodzi, chachiwiri chimapangitsanso chitsulo pamtengo, kuchokera kumchira mpaka kumutu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti musasiye nyama pamapeto pake. Ndiye opaleshoniyo imabwerezedwa, kutembenuzira nsomba kumbali inayo.

Pambuyo pake, kuika nsomba pamodzi ndi mimba patebulo, mothandizidwa ndi mpeni waukulu, mphothoyo imachotsedwa. Amayamba kuchita izi kuchokera kumchira. Ndiye mumayenera kudula nyama kuchokera msana ndikudula mafupa okwera mtengo. Pambuyo pake, mutadula msana pafupi ndi mutu ndi mchira, achotsedwa. Pambuyo pake, giblets achotsedwa. Pike machira osambitsidwa mosamala ndi kuvala patebulo ndi mimba pansi. Tsopano, kuchokera mkati mwa chipindacho, muyenera kudula mafupa okwera mtengo. Nkofunika kuti mimba ikhale yosasunthika.

Nyama ikamasulidwa ku mafupa, kudula kwadongo kumapangidwe kameneko kumakhala kotheka kubisa nyama kunja kwa kumbuyo. Kenaka nsombazo zimaphimbidwa ndi zokutidwa ndi minced fillets. Zimangokhala kumangirira nsomba m'malo osiyanasiyana (kawirikawiri pafupifupi 5) ndi twine ndikutumiza ku teyala yakuphika, oiled.

Nsomba ndi nsomba zazikuluzikuluzi amagwiritsidwa modzaza. Mitembo kuthetsa mamba, m'matumbo ndi kuchotsa mutu. Mu nkhani iyi, processing nsomba yaikulu ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti mkati mwa zonse m'mimba m'pofunika kudula kudzera mafupa nthiti pamodzi msana ndi kuwachotsa popanda kuwononga khungu la nsomba. Muyenera kuchotsa msana. Kuika nsomba anamasulidwa mafupa mmbuyo kwa izo unadulidwa zamkati, amene adzapita stuffing lapansi. Kotero, ife tikudziwa chimene processing yaikulu ya nsomba. Photos kutithandiza bwino kuthana ndi vutoli.

zinyalala

Kotero, ife tikudziwa kale zimene processing yaikulu ya nsomba ndi mafupa Bony, ikhala yokhayo yodziwira chochita ndi zinyalala. Pambuyo butchering nsomba wotere kungotaya: mutu, mazira, mkaka, khungu, mafuta, mafupa, zipsepse ndi mamba. Ena a iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutu wa nsomba m'nyanja sanagwiritse ntchito kuphika, koma osati pa mutu wa mitundu mtsinje. mitu limodzi ndi mafupa, zipsepse ndi khungu ntchito kuphika supu.

zogulitsa Tingaone Nsombazi mutu. Pamaso kuphika m'pofunika scald, kudula, ndi kudula makutu. Pambuyo ola ndi theka la nyama kuphika ndi chichereŵechereŵe mosavuta anapambulwa pa mafupa. nyama yotero ntchito soups, jellies, minced ndi ena. Chichereŵechereŵe yophika boma yofewa ndi ntchito zitsamba ndi Mavalidwe mu mawonekedwe a m'pang'ono pomwe ndi.

Mazira ndi milt la mtsinje, komanso mitundu ina ya nsomba nyanja mankhwala wapatali. Iwo akhoza kukhala mchere, marinate ndi kutumikira monga appetizers. Caviar kupanga mapayi, mincemeat ndipo casseroles. Lili zambiri zomanga thupi ndi mafuta komanso mavitamini A ndiponso D. Komabe, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ena roe nsomba chakupha. Kwa nsomba ndi: barbel, Osman, khramulya ndi Marinka.

Pulayimale processing nsomba, kufotokoza mwachidule kumene Lero taona pafupifupi kupanga sanali zinyalala. Ngakhale mamba ntchito kuphika. Izo ntchito pokonza chakudya gelled. Chifukwa chaichi, masikelo ayenera kutsukidwa, kuwonjezera madzi mu chiwerengero cha 1: 3 ndi wiritsani kwa maola awiri. Kenako, msuzi ndi osasankhidwa, utakhazikika natuma firiji. Odzola chifukwa zina anawonjezera kuti aspic.

Potsiriza Dziwani kuti nsomba kutsukidwa Sikuti kusunga nthawi. Choncho ndi zofunika kuchita razdelyvanie atatsala pang'ono ndondomeko kuphika.

Pomaliza

Today ife kumvetsa, kodi processing yaikulu ya nsomba. Monga mmene taonera, njirayi ndi kokha pa koyamba zikuoneka yosavuta komanso kumasukirana. Ndipotu, izi ndi ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri. Osati kanthu kuti amatchedwa "yaikulu processing sayansi ya nsomba." Kalasi 6 (GEF anatsimikizira) School asamalira nkhani chabe. Ndipo ife Inabuka izo mwatsatanetsatane.