Chilumba chachikulu kwambiri m'derali

Chilumbachi chimatanthawuza mbali ya nthaka yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi nyanja, koma imatsukidwa kumbali zina ndi nyanja ndi nyanja.

Chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi

Malo oyamba m'deralo (makilomita 2,7 miliyoni) amakhala ndi Arabia Peninsula. Ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Choncho, ichi ndi chilumba chachikulu cha Eurasia.

Malo awa amadziwika kuti "Land of Mosques Awiri", chifukwa apa pali malo awiri opatulika a dziko lachiIslam omwe ali - Medina ndi Makka. Pano mukudikirira madera otentha, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikungokhalako, pafupi ndi Zero, ndi zomera zapululu (mwa 95%). Ndiye kodi mungadzipatse chiyani kuti mukhale m'dera lamapululu? Yankho lake ndi lophweka - chilumba chachikulu kwambiri chimakhala ndi "golide wakuda" komanso "mafuta a buluu" m'mimba mwake.

Amakhulupirira kuti poyamba peninsulayo inagwirizanitsidwa ndi African Shield, koma kumapeto kwa Paleogene iyo inagawanika ndipo kenako inakhala gawo la Eurasia. Choncho, chilumba chachikulu cha Eurasia chili ndi malo omwe ali ofanana ndi East Africa.

Zambiri zokhudza malo a Arabia Peninsula

Monga tanenera kale, chilumbachi chili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Malire ake apamwamba (kumpoto) amadutsa pafupifupi mamita makumi asanu ndi atatu kumpoto, malire akummwera - kumbali ya 12 yomwe ili kumpoto. Kuchokera kumadzulo kufikira kummawa peninsula yaikulu ili pakati pa 34 ndi 60 meridians za kum'mwera kwa longitude. Chigawo chonsecho, gawo lokhala ndi Peninsula la Arabia pamapu ndi 2730,000 mita mamita. Km. Poyerekezera, mungathe kubweretsa wolemba chida cha Chirasha - Taimyr. Iyi ndiyo peninsula yaikulu ku Russia, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi mamita 400,000 mamita. Km, ndipo izi ndizochepera kasanu ndi kawiri.

Madzi otsatirawa amasambitsidwa pa chilumbachi:

• Nyanja Yofiira kumbali ya kumadzulo kwa nyanja (kuswa ilo, iwe ukhoza kufika ku African continent).
• Olamulira a Perisiya ndi Omani kummawa (kumbali inayo ndi Iran), komanso Nyanja ya Arabia, yomwe, pamodzi ndi Gulf of Aden, imatsuka chimphepo chachikulu kwambiri kumwera.

Kumpoto kwa chilumba, pali "mgwirizano" ndi Eurasian continent, ndipo madera onse otchulidwa pamwambawa ndi a m'nyanja ya Indian Ocean.

Mbali za mpumulo

Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arabia Peninsula imagawidwa pang'ono ndipo imakhala yochepa. Ngati tibwereranso poyerekeza ndi chilumba chachikulu cha Russia, ndiye kuti chithunzichi n'chosiyana kwambiri.

Kuyambira m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi ndi Nyanja Yofiira, timapeza malo otsetsereka omwe amapita kumapiri: Hijja (kumpoto, ndi mamita okwana 2347 m) ndi Asir (kum'mwera, ndi malo okwana 3760 m). Komanso, kudutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Aden, kuli Hadramaut Upland. Kawirikawiri, ngati mukuyang'ana pa Arabia Peninsula pamapu, mungathe kuzindikira kuti zinafanana ndi boot, koma sizinali zokongola monga Italy. Kotero, kumalo kumene zala ziyenera kupezeka (gombe lakummawa, kutsukidwa ndi Gulf of Oman), palinso phiri - mtundu wa Aldar. Kutalika kwake kutalika kuli m'dera la mamita 3352. Choncho, peninsula ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mapiri omwe amabisala kumbuyo kwa zigwa zapululu. Boma-Al-Khali - limakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a gawolo, m'dera la "phazi" la boot (dera lakumwera pakati pa Al-Akhdar ndi Asher mapiri). Palinso madera awiri akuluakulu - Small Nefud ndi Big Nehud. Kumpoto kwa chilumba chochokera kumtunda, Dera la Syria linakwera pang'ono.

Nyengo si yabwino kwambiri

Mitsinje yamapiri inathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa nyengo yomwe ilipo m'mayiko a Arabia. Kuwonjezera pa izi komanso zomwe zili mu belt yotentha, ndipo timapeza chiyani?

Madera othawa amatha kudzitamandira mvula yamakono pa 50 mpaka 100, ndipo m'malo ena - mpaka 70 millimeters. Tikayerekezera, timapereka mzinda wa Moscow, komwe mvula yamakono imakhala pakati pa mamita 400 ndi 500. Zinyontho zonse zochokera m'nyanja zimachotsedwa ndi mapiri a mapiri, momwe kuchuluka kwa mvula kukuposa zizindikiro za Moscow ndi zana. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala kuzungulira 30 ^° C, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, thermometer ikhoza kugwera mpaka madigiri 7-24, ngakhale kuti pakhala pali zochepetsera ngakhale zero.

Chigwa chachikulu kwambiri chili ndi mitsinje yosatha, yomwe imachokera ku zinthu zoterezi. M'nyengo yotentha amauma, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amadzaza madzi kachiwiri. Aarabu amachitcha mitsinje iyi "wadi". Pali malo otsika ndi madzi - oases omwe amapanga pafupi ndi pamwamba pa madzi pansi. Gawo lonselo ndi lopanda kanthu ndipo liribe moyo.

Flora ndi nyama

Zomera ndi zinyama zomwe chilumba chachikulu chomwe chimakhala nacho, chifukwa cha nyengo, sizidzadabwa ndi kusiyana kwake. M'malo otsekemera mukhoza kupeza masiku, pamapiri a mapiri amakula aloe, mimosa ndi mthethe. Kum'mwera chakumwera, mtengo wamoto umapezeka kwambiri-Wismannia. M'madera omwe simungathe kuwonongeka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzu ndi tirigu ndi wamba. Zanyama:

• Mbalame (zinziri, nthiwati, nkhuku, nkhunda);
• Zilombo (mmbulu, hyena, panther, nkhandwe, mphaka zakutchire ndi nyama zawo - gazi, mbuzi yamapiri, antelope, gerbils);
• Mbozi, njoka, tizilombo - zochuluka.

Mayiko omwe ali m'chigawo cha Arabia Peninsula ndi anthu awo

Malo akuluakulu apafupi akukhala ndi Saudi Arabia - dera lake likuyang'ana pa 1750-2240 zikwi mamita masentimita. Km ndi anthu pafupifupi 23 miliyoni. Zina zonse zimagawidwa ndi Yemen (18 miliyoni), United Arab Emirates (2.4 miliyoni), Kuwaiti (2 miliyoni), Oman (2,6 miliyoni) ndi Qatar (0.78 Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri).

Mayiko monga Iraq ndi Yordani amapezekanso kumadera a peninsula. Chiwerengero cha mayiko onsewa (ngati sitinganene kuti chiri chonse) ndi Aarabu.

Chiwerengero cha anthu chimawonjezeka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja - anthu 10-50 pa kilomita imodzi, m'mizinda ikuluikulu chiwerengerochi chikukwera kufika mazana awiri. M'madera ena, osasinthidwa kuti akhalepo, anthu osachepera 10 pa 1 lalikulu. Km kapena ayi.

Mavuto ndi ogwira ntchito kunja

Chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimadetsa nkhawa maboma a mayiko onse omwe akukhala pachilumba chachikulu kwambiri m'derali ndi nkhani ya ogwira ntchito kunja. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu ku Saudi Arabia ananeneratu kuti pofika mu 2030, anthu okwana 39 miliyoni adzawerengera gawo lachinayi la alendo. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kupatsidwa ntchito kwa anthu amtundu wa dzikoli, ndipo kupitilira mndandandawu kumafalitsa zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuti achinyamata omwe alibe ntchito, ayamba kugwirizanitsa ndi magulu opondereza. Choncho, maboma a mayiko awa akukwaniritsa ndondomeko zowonongeka kwa chuma, cholinga chachikulu ndicho kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito kunja.