Vyacheslav Molotov (Vyacheslav Mihaylovich Skryabin): yonena, ntchito zake zandale

Molotov anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa Bolsheviks kuja poyamba, amene anatha kupulumuka nyengo ya Stalinist kupondereza ndi kukhala mu mphamvu. Iye akupatsa zosiyanasiyana posts akuluakulu a boma mu 1920-1950-ntchentche.

zaka zoyambirira

Vyacheslav Molotov anabadwa March 9, 1890. dzina lake lenileni - Alexander Scriabin. Molotov - chipani pseudonym. Mu ubwana wake Bolsheviks ntchito zosiyanasiyana mayina osindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala. Molotov pseudonym anagwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yoyamba mu kabuku pa chitukuko cha chuma Soviet, ndipo kuyambira ndi Iye kuti achoke.

Kunachitika tsogolo anabadwa mu banja pakati kalasi, amene ankakhala wophika m'mudzimo m'chigawo Vyatka. bambo ake anali mwachilungamo wolemera uja ndipo anatha kupereka ana ake ndi maphunziro abwino. Vyacheslav Molotov anali weniweni wa sukulu ya Kazan. Mu zaka za unyamata wake anafika woyamba Russian zisinthe, omwe, ndithudi, sanathe koma bwanji maganizo a mnyamatayo. Wophunzira analowa Bolshevik achinyamata gulu 1906. Mu 1909, iye anagwidwa ndi kupita ku Vologda. Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa Vyacheslav Molotov anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Mu likulu, iye anayamba kugwira ntchito woyamba malamulo Party nyuzipepala yotchedwa "Choonadi." Scriabin anabweretsa kwa bwenzi lake Victor Tikhomirnov, amene anachokera ku banja wamalonda ndi ndalama buku la Socialists ndalama zawo. Dzina lenileni la Vyacheslav Molotov salinso kunena kuti ndiye. Chosintha potsiriza chikugwirizana moyo wake kuti chipani.

Kuukira ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Ndi chiyambi cha February utasintha wa Vyacheslav Molotov, mosiyana Bolsheviks wotchuka kwambiri, iye anali mu Russia. Kiyi munthu chipani kwa zaka zambiri mu ukapolo. Choncho, miyezi ya 1917, Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich anali kulemera kwakukulu mu Petrograd. Anakhalabe mkonzi wa "Choonadi" ndipo ngakhale analowa komiti wamkulu wa Soviet wa anyabasa 'ndi asilikali akuluakulu.

Pamene Lenin ndi atsogoleri ena a RSDLP (b) anabwerera ku Russia, ndi functionary wamng'ono anaphwa mu poyambira ndipo pa nthawi sanalinso kuwoneka. Molotov kuzilandira akulu awo ndi oratory, ndi mtima chosintha. Koma anali iye ndi ubwino: amazindikira udindo khama ndi maphunziro luso. Choncho, pa Civil nkhondo Molotov makamaka ili pa "munda" ntchito kuchigawo - anakonza ntchito za makonsolo m'dera ndi mizinda yambiri.

Mu 1921, wachiwiri gawo chipani mamembala mwayi kupeza latsopano chapakati thupi - ndi Secretariat. Apa Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Inabuka ntchito malamulo, iye anali mbali yake. Komanso, Secretariat a Komiti chapakati cha RCP (b) anakhala mnzake wa Stalin, amene anatsimikiza mtsogolo tsogolo lake lonse.

dzanja lamanja Stalin

Mu 1922, Stalin anasankhidwa Mlembi General wa Komiti ya Central. Kuyambira pamenepo, achinyamata V. M. Molotov anakhala protégé wake. Iye anakhala wokhulupirika potenga gawo osakaniza onse ndipo zokhota wa Stalin monga Lenin mu zaka zingapo zapitazi, ndipo atafa Lenin. Molotov analidi mu malo oyenera. Iye ali ndi chikhalidwe sanachitepo mtsogoleri, koma osiyana malamulo khama anamuthandiza mu ambirimbiri ntchito zachipembedzo mu Komiti ya Central.

Pa maliro Lenin mu 1924, Molotov anali kunyamula bokosi lake, limene linali chizindikiro cha hardware sikelo yake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba kulimbana mkati mwa chipani. Mtundu wa "mphamvu losonkhanitsidwa" analipo kwa nthawi yaitali. Chilombocho patsogolo anthu atatu kutsatira utsogoleri - Stalin, Trotsky ndi Zinoviev. Molotov wakhala chidole cha woyamba ndi zoyerekeza. Kotero, molingana ndi mlingo kulowerera kwa Mlembi-General, iye pomenyera mwachangu Komiti Central, yoyamba kumenyana ndi "Trotskyist", ndipo "Zinoviev" kutsutsa.

January 1, 1926 V. M. Molotov membala wa Politburo - bungwe lolamulira m'Komiti ya Central, zimene zinaphatikizapo otchuka munthu wa chipanichi. Pa nthawi yomweyo kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa adani Stalin chinachitika. Pa tsiku la madyerero a zaka za ma October kuukira boma akhala cholimbana mbali Trotsky a. Posakhalitsa iye anathawira ku Kazakhstan mu ukapolo aulemu, ndiyeno kwathunthu anasiya USSR.

Molotov anali Stalin anachita wochititsa pa Moscow City Committee Party. Nthawi zonse ankaimba ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri a otchedwa bwino-phiko chitsutso Nikolaya Uglanova, omwe pamapeto, anatenga malo a Mlembi Choyamba wa CIM. Mu 1928-1929 gg. Politburo membala anatenga malo awa. Pa miyezi ingapo, Molotov unachitikira chionetsero mu Moscow kukonza zida. Kuyambira pamenepo, adani onse Stalin anachotsedwa. Komabe, chitsutsocho nyengo anali ndi wofatsa - palibe wina silinakwaniritsidwe anawomberedwa kapena kutumizidwa kundende zachibalo.

Explorer collectivization

Thunder a adani ake, Stalin ndi Molotov kuti chiyambi cha 1930s anapereka mphamvu yekha wa Koba. Mlembi General The kutamanda kudzipereka ndi khama dzanja lake lamanja. Mu 1930, pambuyo mosanyinyirika ndi Rykov anali malo wopanda wa wapampando wa Bungwe la Commissars Anthu a wa USSR. Iwo m'malo ndi Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich. Mwachidule, iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa boma Soviet, atamugwira positi mpaka 1941.

Chiyambireni cha collectivization m'midzi Molotov kachiwiri zambiri amapita kukagwira ntchito ku dziko lonse. Iye anatsogolera kugonjetsedwa kwa kulaks mu Ukraine. boma chofunika onse wamba mkate zomwe zinachititsa kuti kukana m'mudzi. Kumadera a kumadzulo anafika zachiwawa. Utsogoleri Soviet, kapena m'malo pandekha Stalin, anaganiza "chachikulu adzatumpha" - lakuthwa chiyambi cha mafakitale wa chuma m'mbuyo. Pakuti kuti tiyenera ndalama. Iwo anagwidwa kudzera kugulitsa mbewu kunja. Kuti izo, boma anayamba requisitioning zokolola kwa anthu wamba a. Zimenezi ndi Vyacheslav Molotov. The yonena za functionary ichi mu 1930 anadzazidwa ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana yolakwika ndi kusakaniza. Woyamba kampeni ngati Satana alimi Chiyukireniya.

Inefficient minda gulu sanathe kulimbana ndi ntchito yawo monga woyamba mapulani zaka zisanu chifukwa procurements tirigu. Pamene anafika ku Moscow malipoti zakuda za zokolola za 1932, boma la Russia anaganiza kuti angakonze yoweyula watsopano kupondereza anthu, nthawi imeneyi osati ndi kulaks, komanso m'deralo okonza chipani osati kupirira ntchito zawo. Koma zonsezi sizidzakupulumutsani Ukraine asafe ndi njala.

Munthu wachiwiri boma

Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha kampeni kulaks anapezerapo matenda atsopano, amene anali nawo Molotov. USSR ku penipeni wakhala boma authoritarian. Stalin anali kwakukulukulu chifukwa anamuperekeza wake anamuchotsa ambiri wotsutsa gulu la Bolsheviks. Anali mu ntchito za manyazi anachotsedwa Moscow, analandira udindo aang'ono kunja kwa mzinda wa dziko.

Koma pambuyo kuphedwa kwa Kirov mu 1934, Stalin kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imeneyi ngati chowiringula pa chiwonongeko thupi la osafunika. Kukonzekera ayamba kwa kuwulula mabwalo amilandu. Mu 1936, yesero ndi Zinoviev ndi Kamenev unapangidwa bungwe. The adayambitsa Bolshevik Party anali kunenedwa nawo mu counterrevolutionary Trotskyist bungwe. Zinali bwino anakonza propaganda nkhani. Molotov, ngakhale motsata wake kabwerebwere anatsutsa bwalo. Kenako pafupifupi anavutitsidwapo kupondereza. Stalin akhoza kusunga anthu ake mu cheke. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, Molotov ndisanayesepo kukana yoweyula zotsatira mantha. M'malo mwake, iye anakhala ophunzira yogwira.

Ndi chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya Commissars 25 Anthu amene anagwira ntchito SNK mu 1935, anapulumuka yekha Voroshilov, Mikoyan, Litvinov, Kaganovich ndi Molotov yekha Vyacheslav. Dziko, Luso, Kukhulupirika kwa mtsogoleri - zonsezi wataya tanthauzo iliyonse. Mu wodzigudubuza wa NKVD akanakhoza kutenga chimodzi. Mu 1937, wapampando wa SNK anapangidwa pa limodzi la plenums m'Komiti ya ku Central ndi diatribe mu yemwe amadzitcha kuti toughen polimbana ndi adani a anthu ndi azondi.

Iwo Molotov anayambitsa kusintha, kenako "troika" analandira ufulu kuyesa akuwakayikira ndi simuli nokha, koma mndandanda wonse. Ichi chidachitika kuti atsogolere ntchito ya matupi. The heyday wa kupondereza zinachitika mu 1937-1938 gg., Kodi NKVD ndi makhoti sitingakhale kulimbana ndi nthenda yotaya ndi mfiti. Mantha anatembenuka osati mtsogoleri wa MCP. Iye anakhudza pa nzika wamba wa USSR. Koma Stalin makamaka panokha kuyang'anira mkulu "Trotskyists", azondi Japanese ndi opanduka ena. Zotsatirazi mtsogoleri milandu anagwa manyazi chinkhoswe confidants wake wamkulu. Mu 1930 Molotov kwenikweni anali munthu wachiwiri boma. Zimasonyeza anali kukondwerera boma la chikumbutso ake 50 tili mu 1940. Ndiye wapampando wa SNK osati analandira mphoto zambiri boma. Pomulemekeza mzinda wa Perm anadzatchedwa Molotov.

Commissar anthu Yoona za okhonda

Popeza Molotov anali mu Politburo, iye ngati waudindo Soviet nawo mfundo yachilendo. Tcheyamani wa CPC ndi Commissar cha anthu kwa Affairs okhonda wa USSR limakhulupirira Litvinov zambiri ankatsutsana pa nkhani ya kugona ndi West, ndi zina zotero .. Mu 1939 panali reshuffle. Litvinov anasiya malo ake, ndipo Molotov anali Commissar cha anthu kwa Affairs okhonda. Stalin anamuika basi pa nthawi pamene mfundo yachilendo ayambanso ndi kutithandiza kuona moyo wa dziko lonse.

Zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuchotsedwa kwa Litvinov? Akukhulupirira kuti Molotov m'njira imeneyi inali yabwino kwambiri chifukwa Mlembi-General, Iye anali wothandiza wa rapprochement ndi Germany. Ndiponso, Scriabin anaikidwa Commissar, mu ofesi yake, ndi funde watsopano kupondereza anthu, omwe analola Stalin kuchotsa oimira, musati kuthandiza ndondomeko kudziko.

Pamene Berlin anadziŵa kukondera Litvinova, Hitler analamula osewera ake kuti tidziwe zimene maganizo atsopano mu Moscow. M'chaka cha 1939, Stalin zoti, koma kenako ndinaganiza m'chilimwe, ndi ofunika kuyesa kupeza chinenero ulamuliro wa Hitler, osati Britain kapena France. August 23 chaka chomwecho, anafika ku Moscow, Minister okhonda German Joachim Von Ribbentrop. Zokambirana yekha Stalin ndi Molotov anali naye. Iwo kuwauza za cholinga kuti mamembala ena a Politburo, amene Mwachitsanzo, zachititsa kuti chisokonezo Voroshilov amene pa nthawi iyi anali kuyang'anira kulankhulana ndi England ndi France. The chifukwa cha kubwera kwa nthumwi German anali wotchuka sanali mokwiya ke. Iwo imatchedwanso Molotov-Ribbentrop ke, ngakhale kumene, dzina anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ina kuposa zotchulidwa.

Nkhani zikuluzikulu mulinso zina ndondomeko chinsinsi. Malinga ndi madalitso ake, Soviet Union ndi Germany linagawidwa Eastern Europe mu mitundu ya chikoka. Dongosolo limeneli analola Stalin kuyamba nkhondo Finland, annexing limati Baltic, Moldova ndi Poland. Kodi chachikulu ndi zopereka mapangano izi Molotov? Non-olusa ke unatchedwa dzina lake, koma ndithudi, zosankha zonse chinsinsi yotentha ndi Stalin. Commissar wake anali executor yekha mwa chifuniro cha mtsogoleri. Mu zaka ziwiri, mpaka chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Molotov anachita mfundo yachilendo makamaka yekha.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Malinga ndi njira zake zamtendere Molotov tinalandira uthenga yokonza ulamuliro wa Hitler nkhondo ndi Soviet Union. Koma iye sanali kofunika kuti zitsanzo zimenezi, chifukwa anali ndi mantha manyazi pa mbali ya Stalin. Mtsogoleri anaika patebulo uthenga womwewo lachinsinsi logwira, koma iwo sanali kugwedeza chikhulupiriro chake kuti Hitler kuti n'komwe kuukira USSR.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti June 22, 1941 Molotov pambuyo bwana wake anakhudzidwa kwambiri wodabwa ndi uthenga wa chilengezo cha nkhondo. Koma kwa iye, Stalin analangiza kuchita mawu ake wotchuka, amene anali ukufalitsidwa pa wailesi pa tsiku kuukira Wehrmacht. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo Molotov anatumikira ntchito makamaka zamtendere. Analinso kazembe Stalin mu State Committee silikhali. Commissar anthu kamodzi kokha anakapezeka kutsogolo, pamene linaperekedwa kuti afufuze moyo wa linagonja pa ntchito Vyazma m'dzinja 1941.

mu doghouse ndi

Madzulo a World nkhondo II Molotov monga wapampando wa SNK anali m'malo ndi Stalin yekha. Pamapeto pake, pali mtendere, commissar anthu anakhalabe pa malo ake kuyang'anira mfundo yachilendo. Iye anakhala nawo misonkhano loyamba la UN, choncho nthawi zambiri tinapita ku United States. Kunja, chirichonse anayang'ana bwino Molotov. Komabe, mu 1949, iye anagwidwa ndi mkazi wake Polina Zhemchuzhina. Iye anali Myuda ndi kubadwa, ndipo anali munthu wofunika kwambiri Ayuda Committee Antifascist. Monga nkhondo itatha, dziko la Soviet Union ndi kampeni odana ndi Ayuda, kuyamba ndi Stalin yekha. Pearl mwachibadwa zinagwa mphero mwa iye. Kuti akagwire mkazi Molotov anali chizindikiro wakuda.

Popeza 1949, anakhala m'malo pafupipafupi chifukwa Stalin, amene anayamba imapweteka. Komabe, mofanana masika functionary makirediti malo ake monga Commissar. Pa XIX Congress wa Party, Stalin sanalembe izo mu Presidium latsopano m'Komiti ya Central. chipani anayamba kuyang'ana Molotov monga munthu watembereredwa. Zizindikiro zonse akusonyeza kuti dziko likudza nsapato zatsopano chapamwamba, ofanana ndi amene wagwedeza Soviet Union mu 1930s lapansi. Tsopano Molotov anali mmodzi wa ntchito woyamba uja. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Khrushchev, Stalin pamene mokweza ananenapo za kukaikira wake kuti Commissar Anthu akale kwa Affairs okhonda anatengedwa ndi ankhanza nzeru Western pamene utumwi wake zamtendere mu United States.

Atamwalira Stalin

Molotov kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha mwadzidzidzi imfa ya Stalin, March 5, 1953. m'kupita wake anali mantha osati kwa dziko komanso kuti chilengedwe yomweyo. Ndi nthawi iyi Stalin anakhala mulungu, amene imfa pikhalipyakunensa pyakwanga kupikhulupira. Anthu panali mphekesera zoti Molotov mwina m'malo mtsogoleri monga mutu wa boma. Izo mwapeza kutchuka kwake, komanso ntchito nthawi yaitali mu maudindo akuluakulu.

Koma Molotov kamodzinso sananene utsogoleri. "Mphamvu losonkhanitsidwa" kachiwiri anamuika nduna ya nkhani zakunja. Molotov anathandiza Khrushchev ndi anamuperekeza ake kuukira Beria ndi Malenkov. Komabe akuwuka mgwirizano inatenga nthawi yaitali. Chipani osankhika mikangano kobwereza za mfundo yachilendo. Makamaka pachimake linali funso ubale ndi Yugoslavia. Komanso, Molotov, Voroshilov ndi Khrushchev anafuulira ankakana pa zosankha zake pa chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali. Atapita masiku pamene mtsogoleri mmodzi yekha anali mu dziko. Khrushchev anali, kumene, analibe gawo la khumi la mphamvu, amene anali Stalin. Kupanda kulemera hardware zinachititsa kuti yosiya wake.

Koma kale kuti ndi utsogoleri wake maudindo tiwonana Molotov. Mu 1957, iye teamed ndi Kaganovich ndi Malenkov mu otchedwa gulu odana ndi chipani. Cholinga cha kuukira chinali Khrushchev amene ankafuna kusiya. Komabe, chipani ambiri akhoza kulephera kukavota gulu. Kenakonso rematch a dongosolo. Molotov anataya malo ake monga mtumiki yachilendo.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Pambuyo 1957, Molotov unachitikira posts zazing'ono boma. Mwachitsanzo, iye anali kazembe ku Mongolia. Pambuyo podzudzula maganizo ake XXII Congress anachotsedwa chipani ndi kutumizidwa pantchito. Molotov wokangalika mpaka masiku ake otsiriza. Monga munthu payekha, analemba ndi mabuku komanso nkhani. Mu 1984, atakalamba kale anali wokhoza kukwaniritsa kubwezeretsedwa kwa Party Communist.

Mu 1980s ndi wolemba ndakatulo Felix Chuev lofalitsidwa matepi a nkhani zawo ndi mastodon mfundo Soviet. Ndipo Mwachitsanzo, mdzukulu wake wa Vyacheslav Molotov Katswiri wina wa ndale Vyacheslav Nikonov anali mlembi wa Maulendo ndi kufufuza zambiri pa mbiri ya functionary Soviet. Zoyambazo munthu wachiwiri mu boma, anamwalira mu 1986 pa msinkhu wa zaka 96.