Romanov mafumu: ulamuliro. Onse tsars Russian wa Romanov mzera

Pa zaka zapitazi 300 tinayamba autocracy mu Russia izo mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi Romanov mafumu. Anakhoza kupeza poponda pa mpando wachifumu mu masiku a mavuto. Maonekedwe mwadzidzidzi m'chizimezime andale a mafumu atsopano ndi mwambo waukulu mu moyo wa boma lililonse. Nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi Kukwera kapena zisinthe, koma Mulimonsemo kusintha mphamvu kukopedwa ndi kuchotsa akale mphamvu osankhika mokakamiza.

prehistory

Mu Russia, zikamera la ufumu watsopano chifukwa chakuti Rurik nthambi anasiyiratu kuchokera m'mbumba ya imfa ya Ivan IV kwambiri. boma la zochitika mu dziko walenga osati kwambiri andale, komanso chikhalidwe vuto. Pamapeto pake zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pa zochitika za boma akhala alendo kulowerera.

Tikumbukenso kuti kale lonse la Russia sizinasinthe kawirikawiri olamulira, zikubweretsa ndi mafumu atsopano, atamwalira Ivan kwambiri. Masiku amenewo, anati wachifumu osati osankhika, komanso ena strata chikhalidwe. Alendo tayesetsanso kanthu kulimbana mphamvu.

Pa mpando wachifumu mmodzi ndi ana onse a Rurik anaonekera mu umunthu wa Vasiliya Shuyskogo (1606-1610), oimira anthu otchuka mpandadzina lotsogoleredwa ndi Boris Godunov (1597-1605), anali onyenga onse - Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry I (1605-1606) ndi Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II (1607- 1610). Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo sanali amakwaniritsa ndithu kukhala mu mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali. Izo sizinali mpaka 1613, sizinathe anafika pa tsars Russian wa Romanov mafumu.

magwero

Mwakucimbidza tisaiwale kuti mtundu uwu motero anapita ku Zahareva. Koma Romanovs - dzina si zoona ndithu. Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti mabishopu, Filaret, T. E. Zaharev Fedor Nikolaevich, anaganiza kusintha dzina lake. Motsogozedwa ndi chakuti bambo wake anali Nikita Romanovich ndi agogo ake - Aroma Yurevich, iye anabwera ndi dzina la "Romanov". Choncho mtundu anapatsidwa dzina latsopano ntchito mu nthawi yathu.

Romanov mafumu (analamulira 1613-1917) anayamba ndi Mikhail Fedorovich. Atatsika mpando wachifumu Alexei Mikhailovich, dzina mwa anthu "wa bata". Lotsatira anali Theodore A .. Ndiye mfumukazi Sophia Alekseevna malamulo ndi Ivan V Alekseevich.

Mu ulamuliro wa Peter Ine - mu 1721 - boma kwathunthu kusintha nakhala Russian Ufumu. Mafumu kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko. Tsopano mfumu anakhala mfumu. A okwana 19 Russian Romanov anapereka olamulira. Pakati pawo - 5 akazi. Apa ndi tebulo lomwe limasonyeza momveka wa Romanov mafumu, ndi ulamuliro wa maudindo.

Monga tanena wachifumu wotanganidwa ndi zina akazi. Koma boma la Paulo Ine linakhazikitsa lamulo kuti mutu wa mfumu akhoza tsopano kunyamula wolowa mwachindunji chiwerengero cha amuna. Kuyambira pamenepo, palibe mkazi salinso linali likutuluka ufumu.

Romanov Mafumu, mu ulamuliro wa amene amabwera nthawi zina nthawi chete, ngakhale mu 1856, analandira chizindikiro chake boma. Iwo amaonetsera mwimba likhale mu yoteroyo tharch ndi golide lupanga. M'mbali ali chokongoletsedwa ndi chovala manja eyiti mitu yodulidwa mikango.

Mfumu Last

Mu 1917, akuluakulu a boma m'dzikoli anagwira Bolsheviks, amene anagonjetsa boma. Mfumu Nicholas II anali womaliza wa Romanov mafumu. Iye anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "amagazi" chifukwa chakuti pa kusintha awiri 1905 ndi 1917 masauzande ya anthu anaphedwa ndi dongosolo.

Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti mfumu yomaliza anali wolamulira wofatsa, moti ena zolakwa losakhululukidwa, onse mu ndondomeko zoweta ndi achilendo. Iwo ayambitsa kuti dziko zinthu inafalikira kwa malire. Kulephera Japan, ndipo kenako First World nkhondo kwambiri kuchichepetsa ulamuliro wa Mfumu ndi lonse m'banja lachifumu.

Mu 1917, banja lachifumu mu usiku wa 17 July, zimene zinaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa mfumu ndi mkazi wake amenenso ali ndi ana asanu, anawomberedwa ndi Bolsheviks. Ndiye imfa ndi wolowa adzakonze wachifumu Russian - mwana wamng'ono Nicholas, Alex.

nthawi yathu

Romanovs - ndi wakale boyar banja kuti anapatsa Russia ndi mafumu aakulu a mafumu, ndi mafumu ina. Iwo akulamulira boma zaka pang'ono oposa mazana atatu, m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Romanov Mafumu, mu ulamuliro umene unatha ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks, ankafunika, koma nthambi angapo a mtundu umenewu lerolino. Onse a iwo amakhala kunja. About 200 zizindikiro zosiyana, koma palibe adzatha kutenga mpando wachifumu, ngakhale ulamuliro wachifumu unayambanso.