Tank "Challenger-2": kufotokoza mapangidwe, zida zamakono, chitetezo cha zida, zida

Challenger 2 ndi woyamba British asilikali thanki ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, yokonzedwa, anayamba ndi opangidwa ndi womanga yekha Vickers silikhali Systems. chitsanzo analengedwa ndi kutulutsa pa mafakitale kampani awiri, Barnbow (Leeds) ndi Scottswood (chitopa).

Features Ofunika

Thupi ndi mbali zochokera chitsanzo cha kuloŵedwa m'malo Challenger 1, amene wapita patsogolo oposa 150 umalimbana chikusintha kudalirika ndi maintainability (zithunzi thanki amaoneka kenako m'nkhani ino). Tower "Challenger 2" wapeza kapangidwe zatsopano. Awa ndi kutetezedwa oti muli nazo zida NATO, zida ndi bwino Baibulo la kukakamizidwa chobemskoy multilayer zida. Dongosolo la nyukiliya kwachilengedwenso ndi mankhwala chitetezo NBC akhoza kuteteza ku ngozi zonse zodziwika, ndipo woyamba British akasinja, amene adalira chipinda akhoza usavutike ndi utakhazikika.

The armament waukulu zizindikiro 120mm rifled mfuti L30, basi mfuti 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas ndege KA, umene uli kale mu utumiki mu British Army ndipo wokwera pa makina nkhondowo galimoto GKN silikhali Wankhondo ndi 7,62 mamilimita odana ndege makina mfuti. Dongosolo moto ulamuliro ndi kompyuta digito ndi kampani Canada ndi CDC ndi bwino Baibulo chitsanzo wokhazikitsidwa ndi American M1A1 Abrams. Iwo angathe kuwonjezeka mtsogolo monga kulumikiza ku nkhondowo dongosolo mudziwe kulamulira ndi zipangizo navigation. Adalira "Challenger 2" ndi 4, ndipo nkhondo yake kulemera ndi 62,5 m. The thanki akhoza kukhala pazipita msewu liwiro la 56 Km / h ndipo ali otetezedwa 250 Km panjira ndi msewu 450 Km.

mbiri lachitsanzo

Challenger 2 ntchito zikuphatikizapo chitukuko ndi kupanga 386 nkhondo akasinja chachikulu (MBT), magalimoto 22 madalaivala maphunziro, zipolopolo chithumwa 3 ndi phukusi zonse thandizo panali, kuphatikizapo zida maphunziro ndi zida zosinthira.

kampani "Vickers" anali womanga chachikulu. kampani anayamba ntchito thanki mu November 1986 ngati kampani mseri, ndipo posakhalitsa, mu March 1987, UK Utumiki wa silikhali ali anagonjera chitsanzo choyamba. Mu February 1988, womanga anagonjera akafunsiridwa ofunda. Mu December 1988 analengeza kuti VDS kupambana mgwirizano 90 miliyoni kwa gawo chionetsero, chimene chinafika mpaka September 1990 September 30, 2002 kampani anamaliza kupeza Alvis Vickers. ntchito VDS anali anaphatikizidwa Alvis Magalimoto Ltd. Kupindula ndi cholowa ndi mbiri ya makampani awiri, anaganiza dzina kampani latsopano Alvis Vickers Ltd. Kuti pambuyo pake yotengedwa ndi BAE Systems kupanga latsopano Land Systems magawano, ogwirizana Alvis ndi Ro silikhali.

Mu June 1991, boma la UK waganiza kugula Challenger 2 ndipo anaikidwa lamulo kwa chiwerengero cha miliyoni 520. Mapaundi pa mayunitsi 127 a VLT ndi 13 maphunziro akasinja. Yopanga inayamba mu 1993 ndipo Mabaibulo oyamba zinakambidwa mu July 1994. Latsopano British akasinja zinalembedwa pa VDS mafakitale ku Leeds ndi chitopa. Mu ndondomeko kupanga nawonso zoposa 250 subcontractors (mu T. H. okhonda). Pakati pawo, Royal Ordnance (pulayimale ndi sekondale armament) lofunika kwambiri, Blair Catton (njanji) ndi GEC-Marconi (malangizo dongosolo).

magalimoto British oti muli nazo zida amafuna wamakono zina. Mu July 1994, VDS walandira kuti wina ntchito yobweretsa 259 nkhondowo ndi 9 maphunziro makina, komanso maphunziro ndi thandizo panali. Mtengo mgwirizano anakwana mapaundi 800 miliyoni.

Chionetsero ISRD kudalirika unachitikira mu January 1999. Inachitika ku September kwa December 1998 achite kuyezetsa 12 MBT landfills Bovington ndi Lulworth Bindon. mayesero anali bwino, mwachitsanzo. A. akasinja osati amakwaniritsa zofuna za makasitomala, komanso kuposa iwo m'zonse.

Mu January 1998, Royal Chi Dragoon alonda ku Germany, woyamba wa regiments asanu oti muli nazo zida anayamba kutenga zida CR2 ndipo anali 38 mu June 1998. makontena anapitiriza ndipo pofika cha 2000. Aliyense wa regiments asanu oti muli nazo zida anali okonzeka ndi MBT phukusi ake thandizo panali. Last 386 thanki "Challenger 2" inali yololedwa anaperekedwa pa mwambo mu Salsibury Plain September 17, 2002.

Kutembenukira ku akonzedwa chachiwiri zitsanzo chinathandiza kuphunzira - kuchokera matchati yosavuta khoma simulators kompyuta gunners. Komanso amaphunzitsa ndi chuma thandizo la Royal Akatswiri kukonza asilikali kuthandiza kusaka, kuyezetsa, kukonza, calibration ndi ntchito polojekiti.

Kufalitsidwa mu regiments 6 wa Royal oti muli nazo zida Corps mu United Kingdom ndi Germany MBT "Challenger 2" anapita Bosnia ndi Kosovo, kuchita mu Canada, Oman ndi Poland. Pa mayesero ndi ntchito iwo akula chandamale kudalirika index. akasinja British ankagwira ntchito "aku Iraq Ufulu."

Mu July 2004, UK Utumiki wa silikhali analengeza mapulani kudula 7 squadrons oti muli nazo zida (100 mayunitsi) mu March 2007 ndipo kutembenuka ya oti muli nazo zida reconnaissance Regiment. "Challenger 2E" chitsanzo wakhala zithandize katundu ndi cholinga kugwira ntchito mu mapangidwe nkhanza. Thanki anayesedwa kwambiri mu Greece, Qatar ndi Saudi Arabia.

zida

Kumayambiriro 2004 BAE Systems walandira mgwirizano kukhala 120 mm smoothbore mfuti. Mu mawu a pangano, akasinja "Challenger 2" ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi Rheinmetall L55 mfuti, ntchito pa MBT "nyalugwe 2A6" ndipo mu January 2006 anayamba mayesero ake.

Ballistic chida molingana German 120mm L55, koma akhoza kunja zikugwirizanira danga kale wotanganidwa ndi L30. masitolo zida Current rifled Cannon mchikuta mbiya yolusa achepetsa housings, dongosolo mpweya kubwereketsa ndi mayikidwe olamulira a mfuti pamaso olamulira. Pambuyo mayeso Germany monga chida anayesedwa mu fixture malo amodzi wokwera pa galimotoyo wa MBT "Kenturiyo" m'ma 2005, ndipo chaka chomwecho, pomaliza Integrated mu "Challenger 2". wamakono uwu analola akasinja British ankagwiritsa ntchito 120 mm zipolopolo NATO muyezo. mayesero yowotcha malo amodzi inkachitikira osiyanasiyana zolinga zida kuboola projectiles 120 mamilimita Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS ndi pakati ochiritsira. Anasonyeza kuti DM53 zipolopolo ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kuposa m'mbuyomu 120 mm zatha ureniamu.

The Gulf Nkhondo

"Challenger" Anagula British Army pambuyo Shah la Iran unagonjetsedwa ndi dongosolo watsekedwa. Izo analengedwa pa tsinde la thanki, "mtsogoleri" koma zinali zambiri mofulumira, ndi zida zamphamvu ndi kuteteza, ngakhale kuti anavutika osauka dongosolo moto kulamulira. "Challenger" walola modernize British Army kwa zaka 10 izi zisanachitike kuposa anakonza. makina linaikidwa kwa chipululu, koma analibe mwayi woti atsimikizire okha pamaso pa Gulf nkhondo.

kampaniyo "Vickers" sanapange akasinja onse, koma Regiment lomaliza. "Challenger" analengedwa pa boma ROF fakitale Leeds, kale wamba anadzatchedwa ndi Royal Ordnance. Vickers anagula izo kusanachitike lamulo anaikidwa kwa kupanga za Regiment 7.

Okonzeka ndi 120 mm mfuti L11 A5 yekha ofooka mfundo ya "Challenger" anali dongosolo moto ulamuliro, omwe anali akweza ku Gulf nkhondo. Cannon akanathetsa 400 mamilimita zida ndi kuwononga thanki aliyense Russian ndi kugunda choyamba. Pafupifupi anthu onse a galimoto oti muli nazo zida mu Iraq zinalembedwa ku Russia, ndi "Challenger" mosavuta kupirira izo. Mothandizidwa chachikulu mpweya, pamodzi ndi Arabic, French ndi American ogwirizana akasinja popanda mavuto anagumula motetezera Republican Alonda. "Challenger" pa ntchito "Chipululu Mphepo", makamaka ntchito yapamwamba-zachiwawa sikwashi mutu ndi osiyanasiyana ambiri a ndege, T. Kwa. Zida chitetezo cha makina aku Iraq sankachita zofuna za Russian, ndi kumwa amphamvu kwambiri, koma zochepa zida losatha akanatero pachabe.

Tower ndi nyumba

Miyeso ya akasinja mpaka 8,3h3,52h2,49 mamita m'litali ndi mfuti ndi wofanana 11,57 mamita thanki amalowerera gulu la anthu 4: .. Commander, gunner, dalaivala ndi Komatsu. Imakhala mkulu, ogwira, yosayima nkhondowo imapanga. mkulu wa malo lamanja ndi yatenganso 8 periscope ndi kuwonjezeka 1x ndi 360 ° yakanema. Kukanikiza batani wofiira pansi pa kumabweretsa kayendedwe nsanja ndi kuyika malo oyenera. Gunner akukhala kutsogolo ndiponso pansipa mkulu ndi Komatsu kumanzere. Ikani Komatsu ali okonzeka ndi periscope a. zashuga dalaivala ali kutsogolo kwa thanki.

zida

The armament yaikulu ya "Challenger 2" - 120mm rifled thanki mfuti L30 opangidwa ndi gulu la Royal lamulo British Azamlengalenga Ltd Company mu Nottingham. L30 kapangidwe chikuphatikizapo chrome ❖ kuyanika, kupanga olimba ndi yosalala mkati pamwamba. Imakhala chodziwa liwiro, choncho, luso yaikulu ya projectile ndi lolondola kwambiri ndipo kumachepetsa mbiya avale. Cannon thanki unapangidwa zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo electroslag limatsogolera ndi matenthedwe lotsekedwa casing. Timapereka ndi dongosolo olamulira mayikidwe ndi olamulira kuwala kwa kuona ndi kumaliseche mpweya kuchokera mbiya. Nsanja akhoza zimayenda kupyolera 360 °, ndi ofukula yowotcha osiyanasiyana ndi kwa -10 ° kuti + 20 °.

The ndondomeko ya kudziwika ndi chiwonongeko cha mipherezero anaikira chomasuka ntchito zinthu nkhondo. N'chimodzimodzinso kwa mipherezero malo amodzi zokwawa masana kapena usiku. Gunner kapena mkulu chizindikiro akuonadi aligns ndi cholinga, dinani batani la laser wakapezayo osiyanasiyana, ndipo kenako - pa batani moto.

L30 moto 120 mm zipolopolo. Yolimbanirana ndi 50 mayunitsi, ndipo mwina monga zida kuboola projectiles ndi stabilizer ndi detachable thireyi (APFSDS), zida kuboola zachiwawa (HESH) kapena utsi. Mfuti ndi angathe kuwombera projectiles ndi maziko a zatha ureniamu (Du) ndi mfuti mlandu Shestov. kachulukidwe wa ureniamu zatha ndi za 2.5 nthawi apamwamba kuposa zitsulo, amene amathandiza mkulu malowedwe luso. Ndipo Du L30 ali m'gulu la "Cannon-chigoba mlandu» chithumwa 1. dongosolo A ngati chithumwa 3, m'menemo maziko a ureniamu zatha ali ndi kutalika kwambiri m'mimba mwake chiŵerengero kuonjezera mphamvu ozama. Yolimbanirana ndi potsegula osiyana kusungidwa mu turret mphete akasinja oti muli nazo zida.

mfuti ndi opareshoni dongosolo kwathunthu magetsi komanso malangizo olimba kampani GEC Marconi Rada ndi silikhali Systems (Leicester). Thanki "Challenger 2" yatenganso 7,62 mamilimita basi Cannon McDonnell Douglas, limene lili kumanzere kwa mfuti chachikulu. Nawuza kumanzere zida 7.62mm antiaircraft makina mfuti mtundu L37A2, wokwera pa mzikiti.

Pa mbali zonse za kutsogolo la nsanjayo ili 5 utsi grenade kampani Helio Galasi (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" alinso angathe kukhazikitsa utsi chophimba ndi jekeseni dizilo mu dongosolo utsi wa injini.

thanki ali okonzeka ndi muyezo asilikali deta basi usilikali Standard 1553. The moto kulamulira kompyuta ndi digito kompyuta chipangizo Computing zipangizo Company (Ontario, Canada). Iwo angathe Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo mfundo za nkhondo, navigation ndi maphunziro kachitidwe.

Mu 2004 BAE Systems walandira mgwirizano kukhala 120 mm smoothbore mfuti. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, a German kampani Rheinmetall L55 mfuti anapereka zitsanzo, anayamba "nyalugwe 2A." chitsanzo chimodzi chokha unakonzedwa, amene anayesedwa mu January 2006 Tungsten DM53 anasonyeza efficacy kuposa chithumwa 3 Komabe, kukhazikitsa kusintha dongosolo "chida projectile-oikidwa".

zimatulutsa

Gyro-okhazikika pamaso mkulu ndi chitsanzo vs 580-10 kampani SFIM Malawi (France). Chapamwamba wagawo vs 580, munali gyro okhazikika pamaso panolamiki ndi zamagetsi, yakwera padenga la nsanjayo. Rangefinder laser zochokera na-: YAG ndi ophatikizidwa mu msonkhano wapakatikati kulumikiza gawo chapamwamba ndi khamu m'munsi telescopic amene limapangidwa ndi kuwala polojekiti, ulamuliro Buku, zamagetsi, ndi dongosolo olimba. Pamaso lili m'munda zozungulira maganizo popanda mutu wake. kuonera kusintha osiyanasiyana ndi ± 35 °. m'munda wa view Optics ndi wofanana 3,2x 16,5 °, koma ndi kuwonjezeka 10,5h - 5 °.

The imager TOGS II wa Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) amapereka usiku m'masomphenya. Iwo amagwiritsa TICM British 2. imager kachipangizo anaika mkati barbettes oti muli nazo zida pamwamba Cannon lapansi. Microcomputer kompresa ndi kupereka yozizira kachipangizo mpweya yamphamvu. Pa zizindikiro matenthedwe chithunzi superimposed chizindikiro pati, ndi dongosolo udindo zambiri. Matenthedwe fano ndi ponso 4 kapena 11,5h kusonyezedwa mu zipangizo gunner ndi wolamulira, komanso pa zowonetsera awo popanda magnification.

Tili ndi waukulu gunner pamaso chopangidwa ndi Pilkington Optronics. Amakhala ndi thupi ndi anayendera njira mutu wagawo ndi okhazikika akuonadi galasi 4 Hz wakapezayo laser osiyanasiyana ndi polojekiti ndi monocular a. Rangefinder ndi timaganiza za 1,064 microns ali osiyanasiyana kuchokera makilomita 200 mamita 10. Kulondola ndi ± 5 mamita 30 mamita mu kusiyanitsa. Chowombelera komanso zida ndi kusintha kuwala telescopic pamaso pa L30 Nanoquest, wokwera coaxially ndi mfuti.

mpando wa dalaivala ali okonzeka ndi periscope chabe Pilkington Optronics. Limagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo usiku m'masomphenya. Chifukwa ili usiku thanki amatha kufika imathamanga ofanana ndi usana, popanda kuyatsa yokumba.

Gunner ndi imager olumikizidwa kwa kompyuta moto ulamuliro kudzera basi deta usilikali Standard 1553.

"Challenger 2": a thanki nkhondo

Photo thanki mkati anapatsidwa pamwamba. adalira mkulu Amatsogolera anaika pa ntsoyi ya pamaso panolamiki pa chandamale ndi kukanikiza batani, chifukwa mu kasinthasintha wa nsanja, pamene thunthu sadzakhala basi ananena pa chandamale. Gunner akutenga kasamalidwe chandamale zikuphatikizapo ndi laser rangefinder ndi moto batani kwa mankhwala mpirawo. Panthawi imeneyi, mkulu thanki amatha kudziwa ndi ayambenso kuona chandamale lotsatira. zolinga ziwiri izi kusungidwa mu digito moto kulamulira kompyuta. Pambuyo mpirawo ndi kumenyana chandamale woyamba Commander amayikanikiza batani, nsanja ndi anachititsa kuti cholinga wachiwiri ndi kuwombera basi. Zikomo njirayi thanki nkhondo chawonjezeka firepower mosavuta ndipo mwamsanga kumenya chandamale.

mayeso

"Challenger 2" bwinobwino anayesedwa mu British Army ndi Royal Army la Oman. magawo onse ikugwira ntchito mwa T. h. chida dongosolo kudalirika ndi robustness akhala akwaniritsa. Features chobemskoy zida akhala anatsimikizira mu njira ya kafukufuku ake ndi zida zamakono odana thanki. The chifukwa mayeso anali chitetezo chokwanira cha nsanja, ndipo kulongosola chida aiming dongosolo ndi kupanga akatemera.

Kuyendetsa

Thanki "Challenger 2" yatenganso 12 yamphamvu injini dizilo mphamvu malita 1200. a. wa Perkins Zipangizo (Shropshire, UK). Kufala - David Brown TN54 chitsanzo ndi 6 patsogolo ndi awiri magiya iwowo. Liwiro thanki ukufika 59 Km / h ndi pafupifupi kuchoka msewu - 40 km / h. Akuthamanga malo ndi 450 Km mwa msewu ndipo 250 Km wa mtanda dziko.

chitetezo

Kapangidwe ka thanki "Challenger 2" amasamalirira wapadera kwa chitetezo cha adalira ndi survivability za makina. nsanja ali okonzeka ndi wachiwiri zida chobemskoy m'badwo, amene amathandiza bwino kukana kuti malowedwe a zipolopolo odana thanki. thanki kutetezedwa chifukwa cha zida za nyukiliya kwachilengedwenso ndi mankhwala mothandizidwa ili mu turret NBC dongosolo kuwateteza pressurized osasankhidwa mpweya. Zamagetsi zimatetezedwa ndi nyukiliya mu atomu zimachitika.

Movement wa mfuti turret ndi opangidwa ndi magetsi m'malo actuator hayidiroliki. Izi adzachotsa kotheratu mavuto kugwirizana ndi chotupa cha hoses kuthamanga mu adalira chipinda. Kusunga zida ili pansipa nsanja amene amapereka zochepa chiopsezo kuposa mbali yake kumbuyo.

Thanki anapanga luso chozemba kuti minimizes Rada ake siginecha.