Zatha ureniamu: ofotokoza ndi ntchito

Otchedwa zatha ureniamu, chomwe makamaka a isotope U-238. Choyamba opangidwa mu 1940 mu United States. Nkhanizi ndi chochokera kwa ureniamu chibadwidwe kupanga mafuta nyukiliya ndi zipolopolo.

Kodi

Kodi kupanga zatha ureniamu? Makampani apadera si vuto. Mu nyukiliya ndipo amagwiritsa zachilengedwe U-235. Ndi zawachitikira ndi ureniamu isotope kulekana ndi kulemera. Mbali yaikulu ya U-235 ndi U-234 ndi yotengedwa nkhaniyo. Chifukwa ndi Os amene mpweya wa poizoni si kwambiri. Pakuti chizindikiro ichi, ndi wolephera ngakhale ureniamu miyala, zomwe Akatswiriwa Soviet kamodzi anasenza chikwama.

Zatha ureniamu: ntchito

Du akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za zifuno za mtendere ndi kupanga zida. Mavoti awo udachita kwakukulu chifukwa cha kachulukidwe ake okwezeka (19.1 g / masentimita ^3). Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito Mwachitsanzo, ngati counterweight mu mivi ndi ndege. Mbali ina imene nkhaniyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi mankhwala. Mu nkhani iyi, uthenga ulalikidwa-mkuzamawu ntchito makamaka kwa kupanga zipangizo cheza mankhwala. Ikani zinthu izi ndipo ngati chitetezo cha kutentha, mwachitsanzo, mu zida radiography.

Usilikali makampani ureniamu ambiri amangoti ntchito kupanga mbale zida. Ndiponso ntchito kupanga zida ndi ngakhale zokwana nyukiliya. Mu ichi nthawi yoyamba ntchito ngati asilikali US. US Asayansi anaganiza mmalo mwa kupanga mitima izi BTS mtengo zitsulo tungsten. Mfundo ndi kuti zatha ureniamu asamathe ofanana kwambiri osalimba. Choncho mitima anapanga therefrom, ndalama katatu mtengo kuposa tungsten.

Features wa ntchito munitions ndi zapansi ureniamu

Ubwino umodzi wa Os monga maziko a yolimbanirana ndi kuti akhoza zokha azinyadira pa amadza. Pankhaniyi zidutswa ka kuwala mu mlengalenga ndi azinyadira zipangizo kuyaka mu galimoto oti muli nazo zida kapena kuphulika kwa zida.

Komanso, zatha ureniamu munitions ndi kudzikonda kukulitsa katundu. Choncho, analemba kuwombera kwambiri zinthu zipolopolo amenewa akhoza kutenga mawonekedwe zokha, kuzipatsa kudutsa zopinga zonse imfa mphamvu kochepa.

Amene anali munitions ngati

Zipolopolo ndi zatha ureniamu ntchito ndi magulu a US nkhondo zingapo. Iwo anali woyamba ntchito Iraq mu 1991. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Army US anathera 14 chikwi. Thanki zipolopolo kuti nyemba. Nthawi zambiri, United States ntchito pa nthawi ya dongosolo matani 300 a Du.

Mu zaka za m'ma 21, NATO wagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo za zatha ureniamu nkhondo yolimbana Yugoslavia. Ndiye kunadzetsa manyazi yaikulu padziko lonse. Anthu anamva kuti asilikali ambiri anali ndi khansara.

Zonena za matenda oyamba ndi mtundu uwu wa chida motsutsa United States boma akadandaule pambuyo asilikali akadali mu Iraq. Komabe, palibe mmodzi wa iwo ndiye anali sakukhutitsidwa. Boma anatchula mfundo yakuti umboni mwachindunji mavuto a Du pa thupi la munthu si kumeneko.

Mu January 2001 bungwe Special UN anaona zinthu ntchito 11, amene amenya yolimbanirana ndi ndodo amenewa. Pankhaniyi, 8 iwo nako. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi akatswiri ena, madzi Kosovo anali osayenera kwambiri mowa. Deactivation m'dera kuphunzira zingawatayitse madola mabiliyoni angapo.

Mu Iraq, maphunziro ofanana, mwatsoka, sizinachitike maphunziro. Koma nkhani za milandu pambuyo kuwombera mzika za dziko lino komanso zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu 34 anafa monga isanayambe nkhondo mu mzinda wa Basra khansa, pambuyo - 644.

zida mbale

Os Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito, ndipo chifukwa zonse kachulukidwe ake kwambiri kupanga thanki zida. Nthawi zambiri zikhale wosanjikiza wapakatikati pakati pa mapepala awiri zitsulo. Zida za zatha ureniamu ntchito Mwachitsanzo, pa akasinja ndi M1A2 M1A1HA Abrams. Yotsirizira anali akweza pambuyo 1998. Njira imeneyi lili zatha ureniamu zipolopolo mu kutsogolo kwa alumikizana ndi turret.

Features. N'zotheka chikoka pa thupi la munthu

Ngakhale kuti mwachibale kwa mpweya wa poizoni wa zatha ureniamu akadali yoopsa kwambiri (ie. A., Mwazina, yodziwika ndi yaitali theka moyo), zikuoneka kuti zingawononge thupi la munthu, iye akhoza kupereka. maphunziro UN kunena kuti akusonyeza kwambiri.

N'chifukwa chake pambuyo kuwombera zipolopolo ngati vozrstaet chiwerengero cha odwala khansa, ife tinapeza Russian wasayansi Yablokov. kafukufuku ichi poyamba bwino kuti mosakayika osati cheza. Mapeto ake anatha kudziwa kuti zipolopolo ndi zatha ureniamu amatha kusiya otchedwa kutsitsi ceramic. Kamodzi mu mapapo munthu, mankhwala likulowerera mu zimakhala zina ndi ziwalo, pang'onopang'ono ayamba kudziunjikira mu chiwindi ndi impso, imbaenda chitukuko cha khansa.

M'katikati mwa January 2001, pambuyo pogwira zofufuza ku Kosovo, ndi Secretariat United Nations mu utumwi zonse imatsogoleredwa machenjezo a zatha ureniamu kwa thupi. Komabe, Pentagon akupitirizabe kunena pa chitetezo cha thunthu potchula kafukufuku wa World Health Organization. Ndipo, ndithudi, izo akupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito chida chake m'Baibulo.

Monga walitsa angayambe

Ureniamu chili mwa chilengedwe nthawi zonse. Ngakhale mu thupi la munthu lili ndi kuchuluka kwa iwo (90 g). Pa kukhudzana ndi Du munitions ngakhale bata awo pankhani imeneyi, munthu angathe kulandira kukhudzana pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu milandu zotsatirazi:

• Ndi mwachindunji kukhudzana kapena moyandikana kwa Os. Walitsa mwina Mwachitsanzo, zimachitika pa ntchito za zipolopolo katundu pamene awapeza mu makina lomwelo kukhudzana ndi atamusolola, anapanga pambuyo kuphulika, ndipo zina. D. The maziko a ureniamu zatha ndi mu nyumba ya. Komabe, nthawi zina kukhulupirika otsiriza akhoza linaphwanya. Pankhaniyi, padzuwa chiopsezo ali kwambiri.

• Pamene ingested ndi Pomeza kapena wina akapuma Du particles.

• Mwachindunji kupyolera mu magazi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mabala chifukwa kukhudzana ndi zipolopolo kapena zida zopangidwa ndi Os.

Omwe tsopano anayamba malangizo ureniamu. Ambiri a iwo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito Du. Choncho, kololeka tsiku mlingo wa ureniamu kugwera pakamwa imatengedwa kuti 0,6 mg wa pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi. Mmphepete mlingo wa ionizing cheza ndi 1 m3v chaka kwa anthu wamba 20 m3v zaka zisanu kwa anthu ogwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha kutentha (pafupifupi).

vuto yobwezeretsanso

Pa nthawi ino m'dzikoli anasonkhanitsa m'matangadza yaikulu Du. Pankhaniyi, luso mafakitale magwiritsidwe zake zonse sichinayambe anayamba kutali. makampani European wotere amakonda ntchito pa chiwembu lophweka. Yokhala, amangoika kutumiza OU mu Russia kwa processing. Nthawiyi, opareshoni otere ankaona kuti ngakhale mtengo kuposa ndalama kutaya thunthu ndi kusunga ake. The phindu makampani Pankhaniyi kwagona kuti pambuyo doobogoscheniya Europe akubwerera 10 okha% ya zipangizo kunja yaiwisi ku Russia. 90% amakhalabe m'dera la dziko lathu.

Malinga ndi malamulo, kusunga OU ochokera m'mayiko ena kuti Russia ndi zosatheka. Kuti mozungulira icho, yachilendo zatha ureniamu chabe kunditumiza ku umwini feduro. Pakali pano, Russia wakhala anasonkhanitsa pafupi 800 zikwi matani zinyalala zoterozo.. Pa nthawi yomweyo 125 zikwi. Matani anabweretsa kuchokera ku Ulaya.

Okhudza za boma la Os ankamuona ngati zinyalala za nyukiliya. Mu Russia, ndi ureniamu zatha limanenedwa ngati zipangizo lofunika mphamvu yaiwisi, mwangwiro yosayenera kudya mathanki manyuroni.