Kodi ntchito ya chakudya mu selo?

Pakuti uziyenda zachilendo m'thupi la munthu ayenera lofunika thunthu la amene anamanga ndi ziwalo zonse structural wa khungu, minofu, ndi thupi lonse ambiri. Ndi mankhwala monga:

• mapuloteni;
• lipids;
• chakudya;
• asidi mkati.

Onsewo ndi zofunika kwambiri. N'zosatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pawo kwambiri kapena zochepa zofunika, chifukwa chosowa chamoyo chilichonse kuchiwonongeko mosalephera. Taganizirani zimene ali mankhwala monga chakudya, ndipo kodi iwo kusewera mu selo.

Mfundo ambiri za chakudya

Amazionera zimapangidwira zovuta chakudya otchedwa kaboni mpweya akapolo, zikuchokera amene anasonyeza mwa ambiri chilinganizo C _N (H ₂ O) _m. The index ayenera kukhala kaya ofanana ndi, kapena kuposa anayi.

Onse zimam'patsa zili mu maselo a zamoyo womangidwa. Motero, mbewu lili pafupifupi 80% ya iwo, pamene nyama - yekha 2-3%. Paokha, mamolekyulu awa pachabe dzina lake. Inde, ndendende akuganizira zikuchokera awo atomiki: maatomu a carbon ndi tinthu madzi ogwirizana mu njira inayake.

Ntchito ya chakudya muchipindachi ofanana ndi zomera, nyama ndi anthu. Kodi iwo zafotokozedwa pansipa. Komanso, izi mankhwala okha ali osiyana kwambiri. Pali gulu lonse kuti Chili iwo onse mu gulu limodzi ndi pa nthawi yomweyo ukugawa ku nthambi zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kapangidwe ndi zikuchokera.

Kapangidwe mankhwala ndi katundu

ndi kapangidwe ka maselo a kalasi imeneyi? Ndipotu, ndi zomwe adzaona zimene zimagwira ntchito chakudya muchipindachi, kodi iwo kusewera mu izo. Kuyambira mfundo mankhwala view, zinthu zonse - ali aldegidospirty. Kapangidwe ka molekyulu awo ali m'gulu aldehyde gulu -COH komanso mowa -OH magulu zinchito.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mitunduyi kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuimira dongosolo la zimam'patsa lapansi.

1. Maselo - amasonyeza Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe zikuchokera pawiri, koma sangosonyeza kugwirizana maatomu ndi sakunena za kapangidwe ndi katundu.
2. Kapangidwe. Complete kapena Zachepetsedwa akuimira dongosolo kumangidwa atomiki mu molekyulu, kotero izo zikhoza ananeneratu pa katundu.
3. Fischer ziyerekezo chilinganizo. Kuphatikiza mizere yopingasa ndi ofukula za mphambano amene chikugwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mpweya maatomu stereotsentralnyh. Choncho atomu a gulu aldehyde kukuonetsedwa payokha.
4. Chilinganizo Heuorsa. Ntchito kulemba ozungulira dongosolo dzuwa, onse yosavuta zovuta.

Kuyang'ana mitunduyi ziwiri zapitazi, n'zotheka kulosera ntchito za chakudya mu selo. Ndipotu, adzakhala akuoneka kuti katundu wawo, choncho udindo.

katundu mankhwala kuti aonetse shuga, anafotokoza ndi kukhalapo kwa magulu awiri osiyana zinchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati alcohols, polyalcohols, chakudya angathe kupereka Mkhalidwe anachita ndi hydroxide mwatsopano woterowu mkuwa (II), komanso aldehydes ali oxidized kuti gluconic asidi ndi zimene galasi siliva.

gulu la chakudya

Popeza mamolekyulu ndi lalikulu zosiyanasiyana, ndi akatswiri gulu logwirizana wakhala analenga, zomwe zimabweretsa pamodzi mankhwala onse ofanana mu magulu ena. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya dzuwa zotsatirazi.

1. Simple, kapena monosaccharides. Akupanga kagawo kakang'ono imodzi zikuchokera. Ena mwa iwo ndi pentose, hexose, heptose, ndi ena. Zofunika kwambiri ndi wamba - ribose, galactose, shuga ndi fructose.
2. Zovuta. Wapangidwa subunits angapo. Disaccharides - oligosaccharides awiri - kuchokera 2 10, polysaccharides - oposa 10. zofunika kwambiri pakati pawo: sucrose, maltose, lactose, wowuma, mapadi, glycogen ndi ena.

Ntchito ya chakudya muchipindachi ndipo thupi n'kofunika kwambiri, choncho n'kofunika onse awa options mamolekyulu. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo udindo. Kodi ntchito zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Ntchito ya chakudya muchipindachi

Angapo a iwo. Komabe, pali anthu amene angatchedwe achikhazikitso, liwulo, ndipo pali zazing'ono. Kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi, m'pofunika kutchula iwo onse mu ndondomeko ndi zomveka. Kotero ife tikupeza chakudya ntchito mu selo. Gome pansipa, ife kukuthandizani.

Ndi zoonekeratu kuti Musaone kufunika kwa zinthu ndi zovuta, popeza ali maziko a ndondomeko zofunika. Taonani zina mwa ntchito za chakudya mu foni kuti mumve zambiri.

ntchito mphamvu

Imodzi yofunika kwambiri. No chakudya anthu mowa, sangathe tiwapatse kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu monga chakudya. Pambuyo ndendende 1 galamu zinthu izi lamamatira kumasula 4.1 kcal (38.9 KJ) magalamu 0.4 madzi. linanena bungwe ili ndi kupezera thupi lonse ndi mphamvu.

Choncho tikhoza kunena kuti chakudya mu wosamalira khungu amagwira ntchito kapena mphamvu magwero a mphamvu, mwayi wa ang'onoang'ono, kuti kukhazikitsa mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito.

Iwo akhala zinaonetsa kuti ndi maswiti chakudya kuti ndife anthu ambiri angathe mofulumira atengenso mphamvu ndi kupereka mphamvu. Izi akugwira ntchito osati masewera olimbitsa thupi, maganizo, koma ntchito maganizo. The zambiri munthu amaganiza akudzipereka, akuganiza, amaphunzira, ndi zina zotero, ena a njira amuzolengedwa zikuchitika mu ubongo wake. Ndipo kugwiritsa muyenera mphamvu. Komwe mwamva izo? Yankho ndi losavuta: chakudya, kapena kani, mankhwala okhala iwo, adzakupatsani.

Mphamvu ntchito, chimene anachita mankhwala phunziro, akhoza osati kusuntha ndi kuganiza. Pamafunika mphamvu, ndi njira zina zambiri:

• yomanga mbali structural selo;
• mpweya kuwombola;
• pulasitiki kagayidwe;
• kusankha;
• magazi, ndi zina zotero.

ndondomeko zonse zofunika amafuna mphamvu kwa linakhalapo. Komanso amapereka zamoyo chakudya.

pulasitiki

dzina lina la nchito imeneyi - yomanga kapena kandalama. Iwo odziwikiratu. Chakudya ndi kukhala wochitachita mu yomanga macromolecules zofunika m'thupi, monga:

• DNA.
• RNA.
• ATP.
• ADP ndi ena.

Ndi kuyamika mankhwala athu pansi kulingalira ndi mapangidwe glycolipids - mmodzi wa mamolekyulu chofunika kwambiri nembanemba selo. Komanso, mapadi kuti ndi polysaccharide anamanga selo khoma la zomera. Iye - zambiri za matabwa.

Ngati ife kulankhula za nyama, ndi arthropods (nkhanu, akangaude, nthata), protists wa khungu nembanemba zikuphatikizapo Chitin - polysaccharide. Izi zigawo yemweyo anapezanso maselo a mafangasi.

Choncho, chakudya muchipindachi kutumikira monga chuma nyumba ndi limalola mapangidwe nyumba ambiri atsopano kuti awononge akale ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu.

sitolo

Ntchito izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Osati zonse za mphamvu kulowa thupi ndi chakudya, nthawi yomweyo ntchito. Part ali mamolekyulu chakudya ndipo waikamo mwa mawonekedwe a zakudya zowonjezera.

Zomera ndi wowuma kapena inulin, mpanda selo - mapadi. Anthu ndi nyama - glycogen, kapena mafuta a nyama. Izi zimachitika kuti ali nthawizonse wakhala mphamvu malo vuto la njala wa chamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngamila kusunga mafuta osati kwa mphamvu pamene komanso yogawanika ndi, makamaka, ndi kumasula chofunika kuchuluka kwa madzi.

ntchito zoteteza

Pamodzi ndi pamwamba, chakudya ntchito mu maselo a zamoyo ndi zoteteza. Izi mophweka, ngati ife tisanthule zikuchokera Mkhalidwe wa resins ndi m'kamwa, chifukwa mu malo a dongosolo mtengo anavulala. Ndi chikhalidwe chawo mankhwala, izo monosaccharides ndi ena ofanana awo.

mafuta viscous chindiletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wosaloleka kudutsa mu mtengo ndi kuphedwa. Choncho likukhalira imene ikuchitika wa ntchito poteteza chakudya.

Komanso chitsanzo cha nchito imeneyi kungakhale ngati mapangidwe zomera, monga spikes, barbs. Izi - akufa maselo amene wapangidwa umangokhala mapadi. Iwo kuteteza mbewu kuti kudyedwa ndi nyama.

The Cholinga chachikulu cha chakudya mu selo

Ntchito amene ife kutchulidwa Inde, mukhoza kusankha zofunika kwambiri. Ndipotu, ntchito iliyonse mankhwala okhala ndi zinthu, - kuphunzira, kugawanika ndi thupi lanu ndi mphamvu zofunika pa moyo.

Choncho, ntchito zikuluzikulu za chakudya mu selo - mphamvu. Popanda nyonga zokwanira sadzatha Zitatero zambiri, palibe ndondomeko, onse mkati ndi kunja (kayendedwe, nkhope akuti, etc.). Ndipo kuposa chakudya, yachabechabe sangathe kupereka mphamvu zokolola. Choncho, ife kutanthauza udindo umenewu ndi ofunika kwambiri ndi waphindu.

Zakudya zimene zimakhala ndi chakudya

Ngakhale zambiri nthawi. Ntchito ya chakudya muchipindachi zotsatirazi:

• mphamvu;
• structural;
• kuti katundu;
• chitetezo
• cholandilira;
• matenthedwe kutchinjiriza;
• othandizira ndi ena.

Kodi zakudya ayenera kudyedwa kuti thupi afika zokwanira wa zinthu zimenezi tsiku lililonse? A mndandanda laling'ono, limene lili yekha ambiri zimam'patsa kulemera zakudya chingatithandize kuzilingalira izo.

1. The zomera zomwe tubers wolemera wowuma (mbatata, Yerusalemu atitchoku, etc.).
2. Dzinthu (mpunga, balere, buckwheat, mapira, Mapila, tirigu, etc.).
3. Mkate ndi chuma anaphika.
4. Nzimbe kapena Beet shuga - ndi disaccharide mu maonekedwe ake kopambana.
5. Pasitala ndi mitundu awo onse.
6. Honey - 80% imakhala ndi osakaniza racemic shuga ndi fructose.
7. Maswiti - aliyense pastry kuti ndi wokoma kukoma, ndi gwero la chakudya.

Komabe, kumwa mankhwala tatchulazi sikuthandiza, chifukwa kungachititse kuti mafunsidwe kwambiri a glycogen ndi monga Motero, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso matenda a shuga.