Thermoregulation - izo ... thermoregulation ndipo thupi

Thermoregulation - ndi limagwirira kuti amalola zamoyo kukhalabe zonse chilengedwe mkati. njira kwambiri mu thupi chimadalira pa kutentha: kagayidwe, kaphatikizidwe mapulotini mahomoni, chimbudzi ndi ntchito chidziwitso. Komanso, kutenthedwa kapena overcooling INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda aakulu ngakhale imfa.

kutentha osiyanasiyana

thermoregulation n'kofunika kuti ntchito adalinso. Kutentha thupi la anthu athanzi lili osiyanasiyana yopapatiza kuchokera 36,0 kuti 37,0 Celsius. The kuchepa lakuthwa kapena kuonjezera mfundo deta amakhala oopsa.

Mu kutentha kwa munthu Thukuta kwambiri. Loss wa madzimadzi m'njira zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti madzi m'thupi, nthawi zina aakulu kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi ndiye kusiya thupi mavitamini ndi mchere. Chifukwa cha madzi m'thupi magazi amakhala thicker, kagayidwe. Imfa yachibadwa ya madzi pa thukuta - mpaka cent atatu pa za kulemera okwana thupi. Ngati mtengo uwu kuposa peresenti asanu chotchinga amakhudza ntchito chidziwitso. Imfa ndithu makumi awiri peresenti. Komanso, pali vuto lina. Pa kukhala yaitali mu thupi dzuwa zimasunga kutentha kuposa limapereka chilengedwe, ndipo lamulo la thermodynamic mgwirizano wa thupi pang'onopang'ono mkangano ndi kutentha ikatha digiri 39-41 Celsius. Iyi imalimbikitsa kutentha sitiroko ndi imfa ya chikumbumtima. Dongosolo mtima zimathandiza kuvala: adzionere umafulumizitsa, kuthamanga limatuluka, magazi nkomwe umadutsa ziwiya.

Hypothermia palibe zochepa oopsa kwa anthu. Kuzizira ziwiya thupi constrict, kuchititsa minofu ischemia. Ndipo ngati padzuwa kutentha ozizira kwa nthawi yaitali, n'zotheka kutha kwa khungu kapena minofu. Low kutentha kusokoneza kagayidwe, amene anachita kangapo mofulumira, chifukwa thupi likusowa mphamvu chifukwa magetsi.

Kore ndi chipolopolo

Conventionally, thupi lonse anthu angathe kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri: pachimake ndi chipolopolo. Zokhala (kwa gawo lalikulu ndi ziwalo) ali ndi kutentha zonse za makumi asanu ndi awiri madigiri. Izi zimatheka ndi bwino pakati kutentha imfa ndi kupanga kutentha. The casing kumakhala chotchinga pakati pa chilengedwe ndi pakati makulidwe a 2.5 masentimita Thermoregulation -. M'chimake ndi luso kukhalabe zonse pachimake kutentha.

Khungu la munthu wathanzi m'madera osiyana akhoza usavutike kwa madigiri 24 kuti 36,6. The kunkafika pachimake - mosavuta ndi otchulidwa malo - armpit. kusinthasintha thupi kutentha masana kufika digiri imodzi: Otsika - m'mawa, ndi mkulu - isanu madzulo.

Kutentha m'badwo ndi kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera

thermoregulation Kodi nanga anakhalabe mu thupi la munthu? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli si kosavuta monga izo zikuwoneka pa koyamba. Mu thupi lathu mosalekeza amapanga kutentha, amene kwakukulukulu chimadyedwa Kutentha kwa zachilengedwe. Zimenezi amatchedwa kutentha kutengerapo. Iwo malamulo kudzera mwa dongosolo mantha, ku zotsatira za kagayidwe ake ufulu ntchito mtima, minofu chidule, ndi zina zotero. D.

Mwachibadwa, kupanga kutentha ndi kutentha kutengerapo, kuti pali isothermal. Pali zifukwa yosavuta thermoregulation - zimathandiza kusunga inviolable pakati kutentha ndi kuonetsetsa ufulu wa thupi ku malo akunja. Paola munthu ndipamene kutentha zokwanira kuwira lita imodzi ya madzi. Ndipo ngati si kwa kutentha, ndi kale masiku atatu pambuyo pa kubadwa, ife tonse kwenikweni kuphikidwa mkati. Choncho, zomwe kuthandiza anthu kuchotsa kutentha owonjezera zofunika kwambiri.

kuwuma

Thermoregulation ndi oipa zimayenderana. thupi Amasintha zotsatira za kutentha kunadetsa otsika kapena mkulu, mapangidwe njira yatsopano kukhalabe zonse pachimake kutentha.

Kunyumba, pali angapo njira yofala tempering. Mwachitsanzo, sponging madzi ozizira. Koyamba madzi ayenera kukhala madigiri 30, kenako 28, 26 ndi choncho, mpaka akafika madigiri 15 Celsius. Pamene thupi wayamba ntchito kuzizira, n'zotheka kusuntha rubdowns douche kapena akusamba. Kugwiritsa anazindikira mpweya ndi dzuwa osambira. Poyamba, nthawi ya magawo sayenera upambana mphindi 15, koma nthawi zikhoza kusintha pa nthawi 60. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti yaitali dzuwa oopsa kungayambitse mavuto khungu ndi khansa.

thermoreceptors

Khungu mu thermoregulation cha thupi ndi mbali yaikulu. Monga chiwalo waukulu wa thupi, kuti amagwira ntchito zambiri, kuphatikizapo lili thermoreceptors (Kholodov ndi kutentha). Amadziwika kuti ozizira ndi khumi nthawi zambiri, kotero ife tiri kwambiri womvera otsika kutentha. M'bulu waukulu wa maselo ili pa nkhope khosi ndi zochepa - mu mosavuta pa. Komabe, tilinazo ali ndi osiyanitsidwa chiwerengero wachibale chiwerengero. Ngakhale kuti kutentha cholandilira kwambiri pafupifupi kawiri monga poyerekezera Kholodov.

mitundu ya thermoregulation

Thermoregulation - ndi yense wa njira umalimbana kukhalabe zonse thupi kutentha ndi kuwombola kutentha. Limagwirira a dongosolo lino tinganene kuti ndi mfundo ya "maganizo". Ndiko kuti, choyamba yozungulira kutentha zimasiyanasiyana, izo anatani zolandilira khungu ndi kupereka chizindikiro kwa ubongo. Ndipo kale pali lamulo kutentha ndi mmene iye.

Onse njira ya thermoregulation akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri:

- thupi;

- mankhwala.

thermoregulation thupi, nayenso lagawidwa evaporation, poizoni convection ndi teploprovedenie. Mwa njira mankhwala zimatulutsa contractile ndi akunjenjemera thermogenesis.

thermoregulation thupi

Thupi thermoregulation - gulu zomwe kupereka kutentha kuchotsa thupi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali njira zingapo za chilengedwe:

- conduction;

- convection;

- cheza;

- evaporation.

Komanso, thupi zonse mwamphamvu ndi digiri ya kuwonjezeka ziwiya magazi pakhungu, amene amakhudza kutentha imfa. limagwirira wina wa kutentha linanena bungwe - thukuta. Ndi othandiza kwambiri pa nkhani ya nyengo otentha kapena nyamuka yokumba mu yozungulira kutentha.

Pa zina, pa kutentha omasuka madigiri 20 Celsius, munthu watha cheza ndi za makumi asanu peresenti cha kutentha, ukuphwera makumi awiri okha, yotsala kukhala convection ndi conduction. Mu ola limodzi, ife kutaya za zana zopatsa mphamvu kapena joules mazana anai naintini.

Evaporation ndi cheza

Evaporation - mphamvu imeneyi kutulutsidwa mu chilengedwe chifukwa imfa chinyezi kudzera pakhungu kapena nembanemba mucous. Apo ayi, ndondomeko iyi akutchedwa thukuta. Kuyambira chitonthozo kutentha (pafupifupi makumi awiri madigiri Celsius), anthu nthawi zonse wotaya za 36 magalamu a madzi. Pa apamwamba kutentha kapena ntchito kwambiri, chigawo ichi zina kumawonjezera malita awiri pa ora.

Ngati mpweya ndi youma, kutentha anasamutsidwa ndi munthu olemera, chifukwa n'zotheka kuti evaporation thukuta. Komabe, m'madera chinyezi, ngakhale sate-digiri kutentha koopsa.

Cheza - njira ya kubweranso kwa kutentha pogwiritsa cheza mu atomu. Munthu chimachokera kutentha kwa mphindi, ngati yozungulira kutentha akutsikira m'munsimu kutentha thupi, ndiyo nthawi. Pofuna kupewa kutentha kutayika ozizira kuthamanga nthawi, m'pofunika kusiya osachepera kuchuluka kwa khungu poyera. Zovala mwina suspend cheza ndi kuchepetsa kutentha, koma kwathunthu akumuletsa analephera.

Ngakhale malo a thupi nawo thermoregulation. Pamene nyama kapena anthu ndi ozizira, izo amayesetsa gulu (pindilani) kuti zochepa monga pamwamba thupi Mwina mungakumane ndi chilengedwe kunja. Ndipotu, ngati kutentha, anthu ndi nyama kuyesera kutsegula, kuonjezera dera khungu cheza.

Conduction ndi convection

Conduction kumachitika pamene munthu abwera mu kukhudzana ndi matupi ena. Izo zimatengera kukhudzana nthawi, chinthu lalikulu ndi madutsidwe matenthedwe zakuthupi.

Pofuna kupeza frostbite kapena ayi odwala, muyenera kutsatira malamulo yakuti:

- usakhale pa miyala ozizira;

- yozizira kuti anaphonya na manja ace zitsulo zinthu;

- mwachibadwa usakhale pa nthaka umboni, ndi zina zatsopano kutsekeramo (akugona thumba, mphasa, zovala);

- usayende zovala yonyowa m'nyengo yozizira.

Convection - njira zazikulu imfa kutentha yomwe ikuchitika kupita particles madzi kapena mpweya, monga mpweya otaya amalenga kapena zimakupiza. Mukamagwirizana, thupi, kumasuka kutentha, likamatenthetsa mpweya pafupi ndi khungu. Iye akukhala opepuka kuposa kuzizira, ndipo kukudza pamwamba, ndi malo ake atengedwa ndi chidutswa latsopano. Pamene tikuchita mu mphepo kapena kudya kusunthira mumpweya umapangitsanso mofulumira Choncho, kutentha si azikhala pafupi ndi khungu kwa nthawi yaitali.

Chemical thermoregulation

Thermoregulation ndipo thupi - ndi mfundo umafananirako. njira mankhwala zachokera chabe pa kusintha mu mphamvu ya ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi minofu kugwedera. The mphamvu Kutentha thupi lokonzedwa ndi hydrolysis wa ATP (adenosine triphosphate). M'pofunika kuti atembenuke zovuta mu mankhwala chosavuta. Kutentha amene anamasulidwa pamene izi ankakhala moyo wotayirira mu malo ozungulira. Izi ankanjenjemera thermogenesis.

Malinga kagayidwe yozungulira kutentha akhoza inapita patsogolo kapena decelerated kukhalabe pakati zonse. Kwambiri omasuka munthu akumvera madigiri 18-20 Celsius. Koma kuli kwa mpweya. Madzi ndi mphamvu wochititsa kutentha, kotero kutentha ayenera kukhala apamwamba. Ambiri mwa kutentha opangidwa ku minofu pa glycolysis aerobic. Kotero pamene ife ozizira, thupi wayamba kunjenjemera kuonjezera kupanga kutentha. Matenda amatchedwa contractile thermogenesis.

kasamalidwe owongolera

Thermoregulation ubongo amapita njira mofanana ndi ena za thupi, ndi kusiyana kumene apa ndiko kuchimake kwa ndondomeko lonse ndi amazilamulira. The ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndiko kuchimake kwa thermoregulation, Kutsata liwiro kagayidwe, minofu chidule, ndi kamvekedwe ka zipangizo pakhungu.

Tcheru mitsempha maselo mbali ya ubongo amatha kusiyanitsa Phokoso mpaka hundredths kapena thousandths wa digirii. Aunika deta ukubwera ndi maganizo mfundo zonse kutentha mkati mwa kuziika izo malinga kunja.

Kumvera kwa ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndi mabele ndi zopangitsa adrenal. Woyamba bwanji mlingo kagayidwe kachakudya, ndipo chachiwiri - pa mtima kamvekedwe ndi zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni ndondomeko mu minofu. Kugwiritsa timene ndi mahomoni, ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha zikusintha boma la chamoyo malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili.