Biophysics - sayansi Tizilombo ndi .... biophysics maselo

Mmodzi wa sayansi kwambiri wakale, kumene, zamoyo. chidwi cha anthu njira zikuchitika mwa iwo ndi anthu ozungulira anayambitsa zaka zikwi zingapo nthawi yathu ino.

Penyetsetsani nyama, zomera, kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe anali mbali yofunika ya miyoyo ya anthu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ine anapeza zambiri chidziwitso, bwino ndipo anayamba njira kuphunzira chikhalidwe ndi njira kunachitika izo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zikamera zigawo zambiri zopanga okwana sayansi zovuta.

kafukufuku Tizilombo m'madera osiyanasiyana moyo n'zotheka kupeza wapatali deta watsopano ndi ofunika kumvetsa zotsalira zazomera chipangizo dziko. Ntchito zimene ankadziwazo zolinga zothandiza anthu (danga kufufuza, mankhwala, ulimi, makampani mankhwala ndi zina zotero).

zamoyo zamakono

Lero, kukwaniritsa sayansi m'zigawozigawo akhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zambiri zabwino. Choncho, sayansi yamakono amapereka njira zingapo mavuto a matenda anthu chifukwa cha mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Inasanduka nkotheka kukhala mwa danga popanda choipa pafupi miyezi 3, ntchito mpweya monga gwero la tizilombo kapena zomera unicellular.

zinthu zambiri zimene zinachititsa kuti kafukufuku kwachilengedwenso m'munda wa kapangidwe mkati ndi kufufuta kachitidwe amoyo onse. Anaphunzitsidwa zikuchokera maselo a zamoyo, microstructure awo kutali ndi kuphunzira zambiri za chibadwa cha matupi a anthu komanso nyama ndi zomera. Zoyenereza za umisiri, ma ndi kukonza majini kulola kupeza zokolola angapo pa zomera nyengo ndi Mitundu anasonyeza nyama zinthu zambiri nyama, mkaka ndi mazira.

Kuphunzira tizilombo analola kupeza mankhwala ndi kulenga makumi kapena mazana a katemera, kulola kupambana zosiyanasiyana matenda, ngakhale iwo amene miliri kale labwinobwino zinapha anthu masauzande ambiri a anthu ndi nyama.

Choncho, sayansi yamakono ya zamoyo - ndi mwayi malire a mtundu wa zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, makampani ndi kuteteza matenda.

Gulu la Sciences Tizilombo

Mmodzi mwa zigawo woyamba anali payekha sayansi ya zamoyo. Monga zomera, zinyama, thunthu ndi taxonomy. Kenako iwo anayamba kupanga wodalira kwambiri pa zida luso amalanga - tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, virology, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, ndi zina zotero.

Pali achinyamata ndi kupata sayansi, atangotha mu XX-XXI zaka n'chofunikira yaikulu pa chitukuko yamakono ya zamoyo.

Palibe koma classifications angapo, sipangakhalenso pachikhalidwe sayansi kwachilengedwenso. Lembani chidwi kwambiri m'zochitika zonse, tione njira imodzi yokha.

Choncho, ife tayesera kuphimba zosiyanasiyana chachikulu, amene ali sayansi kwachilengedwenso. mndandanda ndi chitukuko cha njira ndi njira kuphunzira zambiri kudzadza. Choncho, gulu limodzi la zamoyo kulibe lero.

MwaukadauloZida Bioscience ndi tanthauzo lake

Pakuti wamng'ono, masiku ndi kupata sayansi ya zamoyo ndi monga:

• umisiri;
• maselo zamoyo;
• malo zamoyo;
• biophysics;
• sayansi.

Aliyense wa sayansi izi chinapangidwa osati kale XX atumwi, choncho imatengedwa kuti ndi achinyamata, mofulumira kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ntchito yeniyeni ya munthu.

Tiyeni akukhala mwa iwo biophysics. Ndi sayansi, amene anaonekera padziko 1945 ndipo wakhala mbali yofunika ya dongosolo lonse kwachilengedwenso.

biophysics ndi chiyani?

Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, tiyenera kuloza kwa kukhudzana ake pafupi ndi umagwirira ndi zamoyo. Mu mafunso ena malire pakati pa sayansi ndi pafupi kuti zinali zovuta kuti kunja ndani wa iwo mwachindunji nawo patsogolo. Coyenera biophysics amaima monga sayansi zovuta kuti adaphunzira kwambiri njira thupi ndi mankhwala kunachitika zamoyo pa mlingo wa mamolekyulu, maselo, ziwalo, ndipo pa mlingo wa biosphere wonse.

Ngati wina aliyense, Biophysics - sayansi ali chabe kuphunzira, zolinga ndiponso zofunika kuchita, komanso zotsatira yabwino ndi watanthauzo. Komanso, chilango chimene chimakhudzana chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi chiwerengero cha malangizo atsopano.

maofesi kafukufuku

Iwo ali Biophysics biosystem zimatiyika gulu.

1. Yaying'ono-zamoyo (mabakiteriya, tizilombo, unicellular bowa ndi ndere).
2. Mogwirizana.
3. maselo Single ndi madera awo structural (organelles).
4. Zomera.
5. Nyama (kuphatikizapo mwamuna).
6. Zachilengedwe mdera.

Ie Biophysics - kuphunzira amoyo maganizo a njira thupi kunachitika izo.

zolinga sayansi

Poyamba, biophysicists ntchito anali kutsimikizira kuti kuli njira thupi ndi zochitika mu moyo wa zinthu zamoyo ndi kuphunzira iwo, tikupeza chikhalidwe ndi zofunika.

mavuto wamakono wa sayansi akhoza anakonza motere:

1. Kuphunzira kapangidwe ka chibadwa ndi kuti makinawa ayende kutengerapo awo ndi kusunga, kusinthidwa (masinthidwe).
2. Taganizirani zinthu zambiri selo zamoyo (cell mogwirizana ndi aliyense chromosomal ena ndiponso zimene ankachita majini ndi njira zina).
3. Kuphunzira zovuta maselo zamoyo polima mamolekyulu (mapuloteni, zidulo mkati polysaccharides).
4. Cosmogeophysical kuwulula chikoka cha zinthu pa njira ya onse njira thupi ndi mankhwala zamoyo.
5. More kwambiri kuulula za njira ya Photobiology (photosynthesis, photoperiodicity ndi zina zotero).
6. Kukhazikitsa ndi kukhala njira mawerengeredwe masamu.
7. Kutsatira nanotechnology kuphunzira zamoyo.

Kuyambira mndandanda zikuonekeratu kuti ambiri biophysics adaphunzira kwambiri ndi aakulu a anthu masiku ano, ndipo zotsatira za sayansi ndi zofunika kwa munthu ndi moyo wake.

Mbiri ya

Biophysics sayansi anayambitsa ndi posachedwapa - mu 1945, pamene Erwin Schrödinger lofalitsidwa ntchito yake "moyo ku mawonedwe a sayansi Kodi." Iye ndiye anali woyamba anaona nalongosola kuti ambiri a malamulo a sayansi (malamulo thermodynamic okonzera kwadzidzidzi) ndi malo kukhala ali moyo ndi ntchito ya zamoyo wa zamoyo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito ya sayansi biophysics anthu anayamba chitukuko mwakayakaya. Koma ngakhale kale mu 1922, Institute of Biophysics, olengedwa mwa Russia, yemwe walunjika ndi P. P. Lazarev. Pali kudzipatula ntchito lofunika kwambiri kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha malemeredwe wa zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Zotsatira zake zinali chizindikiritso cha mtengo wa ayoni mu njira.

Ndiye mndandanda wa atulukira asayansi osiyana kumatithandiza kuzindikira kuti biophysics - uli wathunthu, capacious ndi zovuta sayansi wofuna kumvetsa njira zonse zikuchitika mu zamoyo.

1. Galvani akutsegula magetsi ndi kufunika kwake kwa zimakhala moyo (bioelectricity).
2. A. L. Chizhevsky - bambo a amalanga angapo kuphunzira chilengedwe chikoka pa biosphere, komanso ngati cheza ionization ndi elektrogemodinamiku.
3. Kapangidwe mwatsatanetsatane zedi wakhala anaphunzira pokhapokha anapeza X-ray mapindidwe akuwala njira (X-ray kusanthula). Ichi chidachitika ndi asayansi Perutz ndi Kendrew (1962).
4. Mu chaka chomwecho, lotseguka atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena Kapangidwe ka DNA (Moris Uilkins).
5. Neher ndi Zachman M'chilamulo mu 1991 anatha kukhala njira kukonza m'dera angathe magetsi.

zingapo atulukira ena chinathandiza sayansi biophysics ulendo wina kwambiri ndi kupata wamakono mu chitukuko ndi mapangidwe.

Biophysics Mabwalo

Pali zingapo amalanga amene amapanga sayansi. Taganizirani zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo.

1. Biophysics kachitidwe zovuta - kuganizira njira zonse zovuta wodzilamulira lamulo zamoyo multicellular (systemogenesis, morphogenesis, sinergogenez). Komanso chilango chimene timaphunzira thupi zikuluzikulu za ontogeny ndi njira zamoyo zinachita chitukuko, kuchuluka kwa gulu la zamoyo.
2. Bioacoustics ndi biophysics kachitidwe chipangizo - maphunziro a zamoyo machitidwe kwenikweni (masomphenya, kumva, phwando, kulankhula, etc.), njira kuulutsa ndi zizindikiro zosiyana. Anaulula njira ya mphamvu kusintha mu maganizo a zamoyo makhalidwe Link (zikuchitika).
3. Biophysics ongolankhula - zikuphatikizapo angapo podnauk chinkhoswe mu phunziro yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe njira zamoyo yomanga zitsanzo masamu a mbali structural wa zamoyo. Komanso kuganizira njira kayendedwe.
4. Maselo biophysics - kuganizira njira zozama za bungwe structural ndi kugwira ntchito kwa biopolymers monga DNA, RNA, mapuloteni, polysaccharides. Ndi kumanga zitsanzo ndi zithunzi za mamolekyulu awa, ndipo akuneneratu khalidwe la mapangidwe awo zamoyo. Komanso, chilango chimene akumanga supramolecular ndi submolecular dongosolo kudziwa yomanga limagwirira ndi zochita biopolymers mu zamoyo.
5. Cell Biophysics. Amayesa zofunika kwambiri njira ma: zosiyanasiyana, magawano, mukubwadamuka ndipo ungathe kwachilengedwenso dongosolo nembanemba. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa asilikali nembanemba zoyendera zinthu, kusiyana kuthekera, katundu ndi kapangidwe ka Kakhungu ndi mbali yozungulira.
6. Biophysics kagayidwe. Main takambirana njira: photosynthesis, solarization ndipo anatengera zamoyo izo, hemodynamics, kagayidwe mlingo wochepa, zotsatira za ionizing cheza.
7. Ntchito Biophysics. Amakhala amalanga zingapo: bioinformatics, biometrics, biomechanics, kuphunzira njira zamoyo zinachita ndi ontogenesis, pathological (mankhwala) biophysics. Zinthu kuphunzira Akutsatira Biophysics - minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo, njira ya zikusuntha, anthu kuzindikira njira ya mbali thupi. mwapadera ayenera kukhala zachipatala biophysics. Amaona njira pathological mu thupi, mmene ntchito yomanga m'madera kuonongeka kwa mamolekyulu kapena nyumba kapena malipiro awo. Imakhala mfundo umisiri. Ndi chofunika kwambiri kupewa matenda, makamaka chikhalidwe cha majini a Kupha awo ndi kufotokoza njira ya kanthu.
8. Biophysics malo - kuphunzira zimakhudza thupi onse zinyama m'dera zolengedwa, ndi zotsatira za nkhani pafupi ndi kutali malo. Kuganizira biorhythms, mmene nyengo ndi minda kwachilengedwenso pa thunthu. Akutukuka njira zoyezera kuteteza mavuto a zinthu zachilengedwe.

amalanga zonsezi zopeleka yaikulu kuti timvetse bwino ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya kachitidwe wamoyo, njira ya chikoka pa iwo a biosphere ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana.

patsogolo Recent

Mungathe kuitana ena mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudza kukwaniritsa biophysics:

• anatsegula cloning njira zamoyo;
• The mbali ndi kusinthika udindo wa okusayidi nitric mu zamoyo;
• ndi interrelation ochepa ndi Mtumiki RNA, lomwe m'tsogolo kungakuthandizeni kupeza njira yothetsera matenda ambiri (Kupha matenda);
• autowaves lotseguka zakuthupi;
• chifukwa ntchito ya maselo Biophysics anaphunzira mbali zina za kaphatikizidwe ndi kugawanika kwa DNA, zomwe zinachititsa Luso lopeka osiyanasiyana mankhwala atsopano ku matenda aakulu ndi zovuta;
• Lachitsanzo kompyuta wa zochita zonse zimene zigwirizana pamodzi ndi ndondomeko dzuwa;
• njira olemera kwa ultrasound Kupenda thupi;
• kukhazikitsidwa pakati cosmogeophysical ndi njira amuzolengedwa;
• ananeneratu kusintha kwa nyengo pa dziko;
• kutsegula mfundo urokenazy enzyme kupewa matenda thrombosis ndi kuthetsa mavuto obwera pambuyo sitiroko;
• ankagwiritsanso angapo atulukira dongosolo mapuloteni, ndi mitsempha ya magazi ndi ziwalo zina za thupi.

Institute of Biophysics ku Russia

Mu dziko lathu pali Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosova. Pamaziko a bungwe maphunziro ukugwira Biophysics Dipatimenti. Ndipo Iye amakonzekera akatswiri oyenerera kugwira ntchito imeneyi.

Nkofunika kupereka khalidwe kuyamba akatswiri m'tsogolo. Iwo akuyembekezera ntchito yovuta. Biophysicist unkayenera kumvetsa intricacies onse njira kunachitika zamoyo. Komanso, ophunzira ayenera kumvetsa mu sayansi. Ndi sayansi zovuta - biophysics. Nkhani anamanga m'njira monga pofotokoza khalidwe zonse mu biophysics ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi kuphimba kuganizira za khalidwe chilengedwe ndi thupi.