Lanthano chilumba cha Atlantis kumene?

Atlantis (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, Atlntis Island) - ndi nthano chilumba mtundu koyamba otchulidwa ndi anafotokoza chakale Plato mu dialogues wake "Tineyu" ndi "Critias". Kuti ndi Atlantis ndi kumene icho chiri, kukangana kuyambira kutchula koyamba za izo. Mfundo imeneyi ndi malingaliro osiyana kwambiri: ena ndi chinthu kafukufuku pofukula, kudikira kuti anaonera, anataya adziwe zauzimu ndi mphamvu, kapena mwina kuposa ndemanga nthanthi za kuopsa chitukuko pa msinkhu wa chitukuko. Kodi Atlantis kwenikweni, kapena chabe atayamba Plato mwina konse zidziwike. Komabe, lingaliro linakhalapo akupitiriza kuuzira ndi mumadabwa ambiri ananenedwa ndi mtima wofuna kukwaniritsa nyengo ya chitukuko, kapena kuti ayambirenso kuchita izo.

Chiyambi nthano

Kufotokozera za Atlantis ndi Plato, amene anthu amawaona kuti koyamba mu dialogues "Tineyu" ndi "Critias", wolembedwa mu 360 BC. e. Mu Socratic wamasiku kukambirana wolemba transmits mbiri yake kudzera akulankhula andale Critias ndi Hermocrates, komanso, anthu Socrates ndi Tineyu. Mtundu chilumba akuti Critias, woyamba mu "Tineyu", mwachidule kufotokoza ufumu waukulu "wa mizati Hercules", anaphwanyidwadi ndi Aatene pambuyo iye anayesera kuti akagonjetse Europe ndi Asia Minor. Ndiye Critias akupitiriza kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za chitukuko amphamvu. wandale ananena kuti nkhani zake Atene ndi Atlantis mapulaniwo zopita ku Igupto, opanga malamulo ku Atene Solon m'zaka chimodzi BC. e. Kumeneko anakumana ndi wansembe wa Sais, amene anamasulira mbiri ya limati wakale wolembedwa pa mipukutu mu hieroglyphs Igupto, mu Greek.

Nkhani ya ansembe Igupto

Nkhani anauza ansembe kuti Solon sakumudziwa. Malinga ndi mbiri ya kachisi ku Iguputo, anthu a ku Atene anali pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi olamulira a Atlantis pafupifupi isanu ndi zikwi zapitazo, ndipo anapambana izo.

mafumu akale ndi mphamvu ya chilumba lanthano anapanga chitaganya, amene anatha ndi zilumba zina. Popeza anayamba nkhondo, olamulira anatumiza asilikali Europe ndi Asia. Kutsutsa kuukira, Aatene anapanga Agiriki Union. Pamene mavuto oyamba anakomoka, ndi Atene anali pa nkhondo yekha. Kuwukira anaimitsidwa, kenako anamasulidwa pa Egypt ndi maiko ena anagonjetsa olamulira a Atlantis.

Atangoyamba chigonjetso, asanabwerere kwawo ku Atene, mtundu chilumba kakusintha zivomezi zoopsa ndi madzi osefukira, pamene silinathe pansi pa madzi. Malinga ndi nthano, amuna onse amphamvu anali odzipereka mu tsiku limodzi ndipo usiku chodabwitsa. Ndicho chifukwa Aigupto ndi sanayamike Atene.

Komanso, Plato limafotokoza Atlantis nkhani imene ikusonyeza mmene olamulira kuti anafika iwo ankafuna kugonjetsa dziko lapansi. Nkhani linalembedwa ndi Solon ndi anaperekedwa banja lake ku mibadwomibadwo.

repartition Mulungu

Malinga ndi mbiri ya Solon, nkhani ya chilumba lanthano anayamba mu chiyambi cha nthawi. Zinali ndiye kuti milungu wosafa anagawa dziko pakati pawo, ndipo wina anathamanga gawo lake. Mulungu Poseidon ali Atlantis. Kodi si ananenera, koma anali chilumba, kukula kwa omwe anali ambiri kuposa Libya ndi Asia pamodzi. Iye anasankha akwatire mkazi chivundi ndi Cleito iye anayambitsa mzera wa olamulira a boma.

Poseidon ndi Cleito

Poseidon nyumba pa phiri pakati pa chilumbachi. Kapangidwe towered pa chigwa chachonde m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuteteza mkazi wake wokondedwa wa Poseidon mosavuta ndi luso Mulungu anazungulira nyumba yake ndi mphete asanu concentric wa madzi ndi nthaka. Hot ndi ozizira makiyi anakantha ndi nthaka. Ndi chitukuko cha mzinda wa anthu ake kuti po madzi.

Cleito anaberekera Poseidon ana khumi, awiriawiri zisanu wa ana amapasa. Atlanta, mwana woyamba wa anthu awiri oyamba aja, anakhala wolamulira wa dziko lalikulu la atate wake. abale ake anasankhidwa archons, omwe zikulamulira mbali yaikulu ya gawo. Mbali yofunikira kwambiri ya ufumu ndi mayi wa nyumba pamwamba pa phiri ndi dziko mozungulira icho. Mu Atlanta iye anali ndi ana ambiri, ndi mpando wachifumu ngati wadutsa wamkulu wa iwo.

kutukuka mtendere

Ambiri a Atlantis anakhalabe wamtendere ndiponso wabwino. Pafupifupi onse zosowa za anthu anapatsidwa mabomba, minda ndi nkhalango chilumba. Chirichonse chimene sangabereke, inatha. Izi kunatheka chifukwa ngalande za inamangidwa, kudutsa mphete onse ku nyanja kudziko la pakati, pa Acropolis, kumene nyumba yachifumu anaima pafupi ndi nyumba ya Poseidon ndi Cleito. Aliyense wolamulira motsatizana anayesa kuti apambane kuloŵedwa wake polenga ufumu zikuluzikulu. Kenako mzinda zazikulu ndi mzinda akunja anafalikira lalikulu akunja khoma.

malamulo a Poseidon

Poseidon wakhazikitsa malamulo a Atlantis, amene olamulira anafunika kutsatira. Bungwe lolamulira likuyenera kumakumana pafupipafupi. Mpheroyi nthumwi khumi olamulira choyamba - Atlanta ndi abale ake - amene anali ndi mphamvu ya moyo ndi imfa pa anthu ake. Misonkhano zinachitika mu kachisi wa Poseidon, kumene olamulira loyamba la malamulo linalembedwa pa chipilala Orichalcum. Choyamba, malinga ndi zofunikira za mwambo wakale, archons kupatsana mphatso. Ndiye nsembe ng'ombe wopatulika. magazi anali wothira vinyo, nawatsanulira mu kachitidwe moto monga kuyeretsedwa. Olamulira bicu mu chikho cha golidi, iwo anapanga nsembe pa moto ndipo analumbira kuti atenge kusankha zochita mogwirizana ndi malamulo amene wapatsidwa. Aliyense kumwa vinyo ndi zoyenera mbale kachisi wake. Pambuyo chakudya, limene ophunzira anavala wokongola buluu kavalidwe. Iwo akuloledwa mafunso okhudza Ufumu, malinga ndi malamulo a Poseidon.

Bwalo la milungu

Bola ngati olamulira ndi kuyesera kukhala molingana ndi malamulo a Poseidon, boma amachuluka. Pamene malamulo anaiwala, mu vuto. Olamulira anayamba kukwatira munthu ndi zinthu monga anthu opusa. Iwo chinapululutsa kunyada, ndipo iwo anayamba kumenyana udindo. Ndiye Zeus ataona zimene zinachitikazo: olamulira anasiya malamulo a milungu n'kuyamba kuchita zinthu konsati anthu. Iye anasonkhanitsa milungu yonse ya Mount Olympus ndipo anali kupita kusankha za Atlantis. Mu nkhani iyi ya Plato udzatha.

Zoona kapena zopeka?

Anali zimenezi pa cholinga kapena ayi, palibe amene akudziwa. Monga sadziwa munthu, Plato ankakhulupirira kuti kuli weniweni wa chisumbucho, ndipo anali ndi nthano zenizeni. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti wolemba, amene amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri mwatsatanetsatane malongosoledwe ake, anakhulupirira iye. Ena amakana kuti, alleging kuti ndi chifukwa nkhaniyi chidali chifuniro choyera cha Plato, iye anatha ndi mfundo ochuluka monga ndimafuna. Komanso funso chibwenzi chake. Malinga Solon, chisumbu analipo zaka 9000 zapitazo. Izi limafanana oyambirira Age Stone. Mu nthawi ino n'zovuta kulingalira kuli ulimi, zomangamanga ndi magalimoto apanyanja, monga afotokozera nkhaniyo. mafotokozedwe wina kwa kusatsatira ichi ndi kuzunzidwa komanso zolakwa za Solon zizindikiro Iguputo monga 100 1000. Ngati ndi choncho, Atlantis lilipo kwa zaka 900 asanabadwe nkhani. Izi limafanana pakati pa Mkuwa Age, zinaoneka zipangizo ndi zida zina zofunika kuti tikwaniritse chitukuko anafotokoza.

anthu ambiri anzeru wakale ankaona Atlantis ngati nthano, kuphatikizapo (malinga ndi Strabo) Aristotle. Komabe, panali nzeru ena, geographers, azambiriyakale, anatenga nkhani Plato sanatanthauziridwe. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Krantor, mwana wasukulu Xenocrates mwana wa Plato, amene anali kuyesera kuti apeze umboni wa kukhalako kwa Atlantis. ntchito yake, ndemanga, "Tineyu" wotaika, koma mbiri wina wakale, Proclus inanena kuti Krantor anapita ku Aigupto ndi wam'peza mizati ndi mbiri wa chisumbucho, zinalembedwa hieroglyphics Iguputo. Monga mu ntchito zonse Kale, n'zovuta kuti aone analengeza maganizo ngati umboni zina kuposa olembedwa, sanakhale ndi moyo.

Chachiwiri Troy?

Kusamvana za ali Atlantis, lisanathe m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi sanali monga chipwirikiti ngati pambuyo anapeza mu 1872 ndi Heinrich Schliemann mzinda chotaika cha Troy. Iye anachita zimenezi ndi thandizo la "The Iliad" ndi "Odyssey" wa Homer, kotero zinaonekeratu kuti magwero chakale musanayambe zochitikazi nthano zoona, muli ena choonadi anataya. Katswiri Ignatius Donnelly mu 1882 lofalitsidwa ndi buku 'Atlantis: dziko chigumula, "kumene chidwi mu chilumba lodziwika bwino. maumboni olembedwa kuti Plato anatenga kwambiri ndipo anafuna kusonyeza kuti onse otukuka kudziwika akale wotsikayo kuchokera mkulu chikhalidwe Neolithic. Ena amaganiza malingaliro zambiri zabodza zopezeka, anasonyeza zinthu zauzimu za Atlantis, kaphatikizidwe iwo ndi nkhani za m'mayiko ena otaika monga Mu ndipo Lemuria, wotchuka chithunzi Theosophy kayendedwe, zamatsenga ndi chodabwitsa kukula kwa "M'badwo Chatsopano".

Fanizo Plato

Asayansi ambiri wakana chikhulupiriro Atlantis ngati lingaliro la chipembedzo, "New Century" poona tingalilongosole bwanji momveka ndithu kuti chilumba wakhala nkhani za Plato, kapena yochokera ena chitukuko kudziwika - Minoan. chakuti nzeru zapamwamba Greek ankakonda moralizing nkhani pansi pa amati ndi fictitious, anatchula kuchirikiza lingaliro limeneli. "Cave" mwina wodziwika Mwachitsanzo imene Plato zikusonyeza zenizeni. Asayansi akuchenjeza kuti kutanthauzira lenileni la nthano ndi kupotoza ake. Zikuoneka kuti Plato anatumizayo kuchenjeza anthu a m'dziko lake kuopsa kwa kuwonjezeka lachifumu, zokhumba ndale, apadera otchuka akagwira kudziwa si chifukwa cha dyera.

coonadi ponena za zolinga Greece dzina la kukhalabe zodziwika kokha kwa iyemwini, koma palibe amene angakayikire durability wophiphiritsa wa mbiri yake. Ngati Atlantis sangakhale malo enieni, izo ndithudi chapeza malo malingaliro ambiri anthu.

Malingaliro za malo

Ikani patsogolo ndi makumi ndipo mwina mazana a nkhambakamwa za kuli Atlantis mpaka nthawi monga dzina la sanakhale dzina wamba, si zokhudzana makamaka (mwina oona) chitsanzo chimodzi. Zimenezi zimaonekera chakuti malo ambiri akufuna zambiri si ili mu Atlantic Ocean. Ambiri mwa malo mungathe kuuza ena mbali ya zochitika za chilumba nthano (madzi, zoopsa yotsiriza, nthawi zogwirizana), koma potsiriza sichinayambe kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndi Atlantis woona. Ali (chithunzi chake, pa zifukwa zoonekeratu, sitingathe kupereka) ndi zambiri malo malo ake, mukuonera pa mndandanda kusankhapo otchuka. Ena a iwo ndi sayansi kapena pofukula malingaliro, pamene ena zinalengedwa kudzera pseudoscientific.

Mediterranean Atlantis

Kodi lodziwika bwino ndi chilumba kwambiri mongolota. Ambiri mwa malo akufuna inali mkati kapena pafupi ndi Nyanja Mediterranean, kapena zilumba monga Sardinia, Krete, Santorini, Cyprus kapena Malta.

Kuphulika pa Feret, chibwenzi kuchokera chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi lakhumi m'ma BC, chifukwa tsunami chachikulu, amene, malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa atapereka ndi akatswiri, anawononga Minoan chitukuko pa chilumba chapafupi cha Kerete. tsoka azilimbikitsa zikamera wa bodza Atlantis. Gululi tchulani chakuti Aigupto ntchito kalendala mwezi zochokera mwezi, ndi Ahelene - dzuwa, zochokera zaka. Choncho nkotheka kuti nthawi kutanthauziridwa monga zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zikwi zoona, limafanana ndi miyezi 9000, kuwayika chiwonongeko cha Atlantis mkati mwa mazana 7 zaka.

Santorini

kuphulika chiphalaphala chilumba Mediterranean cha Santorini mu nthawi ya Minoan chitukuko zambiri chifukwa cha chiwonongeko amene adawononga Atlantis. The kutsutsa waukulu amanena kuti Agiriki akale anali odziwa bwino za mapiri, ndipo ngati panali kuphulika, izo mwina kutchula kuli izi. Komanso, Farao Amenhotep III analamula nthumwi yake kukaona mzinda, ndi Krete ozungulira, ndipo anawapeza anthu kumene amati izo inawonongedwa.

Spartel

kungoganizira wina zachokera kulenganso ya madera Mediterranean pa nthawi imene Atlantis akalipo. Kumene iwo unali, Plato anatchulapo - kunja mizati ya Hercules. Kotero ife wotchedwa Khwalala la Gibraltar, kulumikiza Nyanja Mediterranean ndi Atlantic Ocean. zaka khumi zikwi zapitazo, madzi a m'nyanja anali mamita 130 m'munsi, ndi njirayi anali mndandanda wa zilumba. Mmodzi wa iwo, Spartel, ndi Atlantis, kumene Amira, ngakhale pali umboni ndi Baibulo Plato.

Sardinia

Mu 2002, mtolankhani Italy Sergio Frau lofalitsidwa buku lakuti "Nsanamira ya Hercules" limene ananena kuti pamaso Eratosthenes olemba onse Greek kuti analandira mu Sicilian Khwalala, ndi kampeni Aleksandra Velikogo ku East unkayenera Eratosthenes mu kulongosola za dziko kusuntha mitengoyo kuti Gibraltar. Malinga ndi nkhani yolembedwa wake, panali Atlantis, umene uli lero Sardinia. Ndithudi, tsunami opangidwa chiwonongeko zoopsa pachilumbachi, kuwononga nuragiyskuyu chachinsinsi chitukuko. anapulumuka angapo anasamukira ku oyandikana nawo Zogona chilumba, anayambitsa chikhalidwe Etruscan, omwe anakhala maziko a Roma kenako, pamene anapulumuka zina zidali mbali imodzi ya "Nyanja Peoples", pomenyana Egypt.

Mliliwu Mediterranean

Kunja kwa Mediterranean Antarctica anaika mu ngodya zonse za dziko - kuchokera Ireland ndi Sweden kuti Indonesia ndi Japan. Ambiri mfundo zimenezi n'zochokera umboni zosakhutiritsa. Awiri a kwambiri analankhula za malo ndi ya Caribbean ndi Antarctica.

Bimini Road - olowa Atlantis?

Kodi ndi Triangle Bermuda amadziwa zonse. pafupipafupi zogwirizana ndi zochitika zachinsinsi za Caribbean anafotokoza nyumba m'madzi, wotchedwa Bimini msewu anapeza mwa oyendetsa mu m'ma 1960. Bimini Road wapangidwa miyala ikuluikulu anakonza mizere iwiri yomweyi pa madzi osaya makilomita ochepa ochokera ku chilumba cha Bimini. Kutumiza maulendo angapo kuti ayeserere kapena kutsutsa chiyambi anthropogenic a dongosolo izi ndi zolowana kusonkhana ndi Atlantis. Asayansi ambiri, makamaka Akatswiriwa anapeza umboni inconclusive kapena kuti afike pomvetsetsa kuti ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Komabe, ena akutsutsa mwamphamvu kuti thanthwe kwambiri symmetrical ndi dala kukhala wophweka mankhwala a chilengedwe. Mulimonsemo, palibe zinthu zina, zimene zimatsimikizira kuti msewu kumabweretsa chilumba olowa, anapezeka.

Antarctica

Chiphunzitso kuti Antarctica - malo Atlantis (chithunzi) kamodzi Amira, makamaka wotchuka mu 1960-1970. Iye analimbikitsa buku Lovecraft a "mapiri a misala", ndi Piri Reis mapu, omwe amati amasonyeza Antarctica uyu, chirichonse chimene chinali palibe ayezi, mpaka chidziwitso cha nyengo. Charles Berlitz, Erich Von Daniken ndi Peter Kolosimo anali mwa olemba otchuka amene anapanga kopanda choterocho. Komabe, chiphunzitso cha kulowerera chokhala likutsutsa mfundo imeneyi, chifukwa moyo wa Plato, Antarctica inali mu malo pano ndipo anapitiriza nyengo yake yovuta. Komabe chibwenzi unexplored m'madera amapanga kwambiri maganizo, ngati Atlantis, ndi lero.

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Research ndipo anapeza mizinda kuleza anatayika chitukuko ndi mutu umene kumphatikiza malo kapena nthawi m'maganizo zotchuka. Atlantis anakhala lanthano chilumba, dzina lake kunapezeka kuti chosaiwalika kwa midzi ina yonse otaika. Kutchulidwa kwa iwo alipo mu Mitundu yonse zolembalemba, ku ntchito za Kubadwa Kwatsopano kwa sayansi yamakono zopeka, zongopeka chabe, mapepala ofukula zinthu zakale ndi sayansi, buku "New Age." TV komanso mafilimu komanso ntchito chithumwa Atlantis. Bodza wakhala namuyesa kuti imodzi mwa mahotela yaikulu kwambiri ku Bahamas, Atlantis Paradaiso Island Amachita, achisangalalo wakhala mutu wa mzinda otaika.

Kayendedwe "New Age", pali anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti Atlantis, kumene kunali chitukuko zipangizo zambiri zamakono, kudziononga chifukwa cha patsogolo mofulumira, kapena kodi ntchito luso mlendo. maganizo ofanana anali analembedwa ndi zikhalidwe zina zakale, monga ambiri a okhulupirika, "New Age" wofuna kuphatikiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana wosamvetsetseka lingaliro limodzi. Pomaliza, kukambirana kopitirira zimene Atlantis, kumene olowa chilumba - umboni chidwi wosatha wa anthu, ndi Kufuna kukhala okhutira ndi masomphenya atsopano a dziko, ndi kupitiriza kufunafuna ndi kupeza zinsinsi za maiko chotaika cha athu akale.