Kutulutsa galasi

Galasi yoyamba inayamba mu 1830 ku UK. Imeneyi inali ndondomeko ya nthunzi. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri, choyimira kale madzi, chinapangidwa pambuyo pa zaka 17. Koma ngati kale, magalasi oyambirira akawonekera, ntchitoyo inkachitika makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mphamvu, koma lero malo aliwonse omangamanga, kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka aakulu, ali ndi galasi yomanga.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti palibe chipangizo chomwecho ngati galasi yomanga. Pali magalasi. Mawu awa anaperekedwa ndi Gosgortechnadzor. Tsatanetsataneyo inali pafupifupi zotsatirazi: galasi ndi makina omwe amanyamula katundu (hook, grab, etc.) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza ndi kunyamula katundu wolemetsa.

Masiku ano zipangizo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. Malinga ndi mfundo zachuma, izi ndi zopindulitsa. Galama yamakono imatha kunyamula katundu wokwana matani oposa 1,000, koma matani 50 adzagwira ntchito yomanga.

Ulendo woyendetsa ntchito

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti poyendetsa ndi kusuntha katunduyo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuchita zinthu zosavuta. Pa gawo loyamba, katunduyo watengedwa. Ngati ndi slabi ya konkire, ndiye kuti imangirizidwa, ndipo chifukwa chokweza mbedza imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati izo ziri zomasuka, ntchitoyo ikuchitika ndi nthiti. Gawo lachiwiri ndi kupweteka kwa ntchito. Zimakhala ndi kayendetsedwe kachindunji, komanso kumasula katundu. Ndipotu, iyi ndiyo malo ovuta kwambiri, choncho ntchitoyo iyenera kuchitidwa bwino komanso popanda kugwedeza. Gawo lomalizira ndilokusokoneza. Zimatanthawuza kubwerera kwa katundu kumalo oyambira. Mwa njira, kupweteka kwa ntchito kumaphatikizapo magawo atatu: kuthamanga, kuyima mofulumira ndi kuphulika. Gawo loyamba ndi lachitatu ndilo lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndilo limene likuwonekera kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chake, pangozi yowononga katundu wonyamula katunduyo.

Galama yomanga ndi yomanga

Mwachidziwikire, chigawocho chili ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa aliyense wa iwo:

• Metalware ndi maziko a gane yomanga. Zonse zomwe zikhoza kutchulidwa apa ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zothandizira, mivi, ndi zina. Zindikirani kuti ndi mtundu wa bokosi ndi ma latti. Pamangidwe, nyumba zamatabwa zamatabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
• Njira yotulutsira imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chokweza. Izi zingakhale chingwe kapena chingwe. Pano ndifunikanso kuphatikizapo chipangizo chokwanira katundu (chipika, chingwe, ndowe, etc.). Mukatswiri wamakono opanga katundu, magalasi okhwimitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
• Chipangizo chokweza sizongowonongeka (chikhomo kapena chingwe), chimafuna ntchito yaying'ono yotsatila, komanso yodzipangira (kapu ya electromagnet kapena kapu yakuyikira).

Monga mukuonera, galasi ya zomangamanga ndi chipangizo chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi kubwezeretsa zingwe, ndowe ndi zigawo zina ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Zotsatira mwa kupanga ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kudziŵa kuti palibe gulu limodzi lomwe limasonyeza zonse. Zoona zake n'zakuti makanema amakono angagwirizanitse ntchito zingapo kamodzi. Choncho, pali magalasi omanga otsatirawa malinga ndi kamangidwe kake:

• Mphepete - kumangirira katundu pazitsambazi kumapangidwira. Ndi magalasiwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, monga momwe amayendetsera komanso kuyenda kwawo kumakupatsani ntchito yonse mwamsanga.
• Bridge - zitsulo ndilo mlatho umene bungwe lokweza katundu limasungidwa.
• Makina oyendetsa galasi.

Ponena za kuthekera kusunthira, ndizomveka kunena za mitundu iwiri yokha: yosayima ndi kudzikweza. Mtundu wotsiriza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zomangamanga. Chidziwikiritso chake ndi chakuti chimayikidwa pa chinthu chopangidwa. Pamene nyumbayo ikukula, galimotoyo imakulira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Ngakhale m'zaka zaposachedwapa, makina oyendetsa galimoto othamanga amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe makamaka zimatsogoleredwa ndi zida zamakono. Galasi yotereyi imasinthidwa ngati kuli koyenera ndipo imangopita ku chinthu china. Tsopano tiyeni tipite patsogolo.

Makina oyang'anira nsanja

Mipukutu ya mtundu wa nsanja ndi yomveka kwambiri pomanga nyumba ndi zomangamanga. Chifukwa chakuti amalola kulowetsa, kutseketsa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mtengo wogulitsa pofulumizitsa ntchitoyo. Koma nthawi zina matepiwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha malo osakwanira. Pankhaniyi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira. Ntchito yomangirira ya mtundu uwu ndi yabwino chifukwa safuna malo ochulukirapo. Komabe, chipangizo choterechi sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa msinkhu wa nyumba pamwamba mamita 30. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti panthawi imodzi yokha galasi ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa pamalo ena omangako ndi ndalama zochepa zogulitsa. Mpaka pano, iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zoyenera kwambiri pambuyo pa granja zamagalimoto.

Pneumo-wheeld and crawler crane

Kusiyana komwe kumagwira pa chithunzithunzi cha chikuku ndi chabwino chifukwa chachulukitsa luso lamtunda. Ndipotu, galama yomanga, chithunzi chimene mungachiwonere, chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi chinthucho. Izi zinapindulidwa mwa kukhazikitsa zida zingapo zowonongeka. Kuphatikizanso, nyumba ya operekerayo imakhala yabwino. Pali kompyuta yomwe imapatula kwathunthu chinthu cha umunthu, mpweya wabwino, ndi zina zotero.

Palinso galasi yamagetsi. Iyo imakwera pa kansisi yothamanga. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zamtunda, zida zoterezi zimatha kugwira ntchito pamalo omwe anakonzedwa kale. Kutumiza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kanema wapadera, yomwe imapangitsa ndalama kugwiritsira ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse kumeneku. Mipira yamtundu uwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene palibenso wina woyenera.

Kutsiliza

Kotero ife tazindikira chomwe granje ya zomangamanga ili. Mukhoza kupeza zithunzi za mitundu yambiri yotchuka mu nkhaniyi. Ndikufuna kuwona kuti lero zipangizo zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse. Zimakuthandizani kuchepetsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha kupanga ndikuchepetseratu ntchito yamanja. Pali magalasi ambiri, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yawo yonse ndi kunyamula kwawo. Zina zimapangidwira ntchito mofulumira ndi kusuntha kupita ku chinthu china, pamene ena, m'malo mwake, amatenga pang'onopang'ono, koma m'malo molemetsa, ndi kuima pa zinthu kwa milungu kapena miyezi.