SSR Chimoludaviyani: mbiri ya maphunziro, maonekedwe, zigawo ndi mizinda. Manja ndi mbendera Moldova SSR

Nkhaniyi adzayang'ana pa zimene SSR Chimoludaviyani. Republic of Izi inali mu chakumadzulo kwambiri kwa gawo European la Soviet Union, umene ndi gawo. MSSR analengedwa mu 1940, pa August 2, ndi inasokonekera mu 1991, 27 August. Kummawa, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera izo malire ndi SSR Chiyukireniya, ndi kumadzulo - ndi Romania. Mu 1989, anthu ake anali anthu 4337 zikwi. Chişinău City anali likulu la MSSR.

The m'mizinda ikuluikulu Moldova mu 1989 anali Chişinău (667,100 okhala), Tiraspol (181 900 okhala), Balti (158 500 okhala), Bender (130 000 okhala). M'zaka za mphamvu Soviet ku matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi ya kale chinawonjezeka mzinda Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Kulumikizana ndi USSR Bessarabia

Boma Soviet mu 1940, 26 ndi 27 June, anatumiza zolemba ziwiri ku Romania utsogoleri, amene anafuna mwachangu kumaliza ntchito ya Bessarabia. Romania korona bungwe sanathe kupeza thandizo la Germany ndi Italy, choncho ankafunika kupereka chilolezo ku boma la Soviet. Boma Romania anatengera zolemba maganizo kuchokera June 28, 1940 pa kubweranso kwa Bessarabia, kalankhulidwe ndi nthawi kusiya magulu ake ndi makonzedwe a. Red Army mayunitsi analowa tsiku lomwelo (28 June) mu chigawo cha Bessarabia RSFSR.

Akuluakulu a 9 Army unatha pa July 10. Bessarabia ndi asilikali dziko anachoka pa mayiko amenewa anakhala mbali ya Odessa usilikali District.

mapangidwe

Mu 1940, August 2 unachitika VII gawo la Supreme Soviet la USSR, lomwe limaona lamulo kukhazikitsidwa kwa Union wa Republic Chimoludaviyani.

Chimoludaviyani SSR mu kapangidwe kake anali m'madera zotsatirazi: zigawo 6 Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) ndi m'zigawo 6 woyambawo ASSR Chimoludaviyani (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) The madera otsala MASSR ndi ndi Ismail, Akkerman ndi Khotin m'maboma a Bessarabia anatitumiza kwa SSR Chiyukireniya.

Kenako mu 1940, 4 November, USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium anapereka lamulo limene lidatsirizika kusintha kwa malire pakati pa MSSR ndi USSR. Atatsala pang'ono izi, Molotov ndi Schulenburg anamaliza mgwilizano zina, malinga ndi izo anthu German kuchokera ku Northern Bukovina (oposa 14,000) ndi Kumwera Bessarabia (pafupifupi 100,000) anawabweza kwa Germany. Kenako pa maiko kanthu iwo inakhazikitsidwa minda, kumene anthu oitanidwa ku Ukraine.

Creation wa SSR Chimoludaviyani zinachitikadi mofulumira. Kapangidwe ka Republic m'gulu 61 okhala m'ma kuthetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu 55 000 (midzi 14 ku madera kale MASSR, 1 mudzi Cahul chigawo, midzi 46 a Bender County). Ndi SSR Chiyukireniya anasamukira midzi 96 ya anthu 203 000 kwa anthu (76 midzi ya chigawo Khotyn, 14 - Akkerman ndi 6 - Ismail zigawo).

kusintha ankamuda chifukwa chakuti ku midzi ya SSR Chiyukireniya zapita anapambana Chibugariya, Chiyukireniya ndi Russian anthu, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Chimoludaviyani SSR - Gagauz ndi Moldova.

chifukwa

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, MSSR linali dera yekha 33,7 zikwi sq. Km, ndi anthu miyoyo miliyoni 2,7, a 70% anali Moldovans. Chisinau anakhala likulu la Republic. Pambuyo ziŵalo Bessarabia, ndi SSR Chimoludaviyani wataya 10 zikwi sq. Km wa dziko ndi anthu mamiliyoni 0.5.

Iye anamangidwa ndi kutumizidwa 8000 Mu 1940, anthu a m'dziko, ndipo mu 1941 13 June - oposa 30 zikwi.

Bessarabia m'zaka nkhondo

Pa anthu Wachiwiri World nkhondo Bessarabia nawo nkhondoyo mbali zonse kumenyana. Romania asilikali ankatchedwa 10,000 Bessarabians: anamenyana Soviet Union, ndipo ana oposa theka la iwo ndawapatsa natsirizika. Kumasulidwa kwa SSR Chimoludaviyani ku Romania utakhala chinachitika mu 1944. Kamodzi mabwalo anatenga asilikali Soviet, anapita kutsogolo 256 000 okhala Moldova, amene mu 1944-1945 wataya miyoyo ya anthu 40 592.

The vuto zaziwerengero

Choncho, takambirana mapangidwe a SSR Chimoludaviyani. Chimene chinali kuchitika? Kubwezeredwa kwa chuma cha mabwalo watsopano wa USSR, bajeti chuma ananditumiza rubles miliyoni 448. Choyamba, nakhalanso milatho ndi kulankhulana kudutsa Dniester chakumene kuthawa Romania asilikali. wa Red Army anatumizidwa ku kukonzanso kwa zigawo zachuma amene kuthandiza anthu wamba. Onse a Nistru mtsinje kudutsa September 19, 1944 zamangidwa, ndi Moldova zinayamba kutheka zoitanitsa makina ndi zipangizo. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1945 ku Republic of akhala kunja zipangizo 22 mabungwe lalikulu.

Kupeza ndalama

Kubwezeretsa makampani Chimoludaviyani SSR analandira khala (matani 226,000), zitsulo akakhala (matani 20,000), mankhwala mafuta (tonnes 51 000). Ndi fanizo mlingo wa shuga mu 1940 anapangidwa mu 1945 oposa 16%, pamwamba yunifomu ndi 36%, mafuta 84%, njerwa ndi 42%, magetsi ndi 48% ndi zikopa nsapato ndi 46%. 226 anali ankamangidwanso losonkhanitsidwa ndi minda 60.

Ambiri Soviet (makamaka RSFSR) Moldova anasamutsa ng'ombe (10,800 mutu), nkhosa (47 700 mutu), mbewu (matani 17.4), akavalo (17 300 mutu), njira kumunda processing ndi zambiri. Komabe, mu 1946, njala ndi chiwerengero cha ng'ombe anayamba kutha. Choncho, mwa 25 000 nkhosa ndi mbuzi, anapereka RSFSR, ndi 1947 wakhala palibe mitu oposa 18 000. Mu 1949, anthu wamba wolemera anawabweza ku dziko, ndi zipangizo: zida, dziko, ziweto ndi mbewu - kunditumiza ku minda losonkhanitsidwa.

njala

Monga mukuonera, ndi thandizo chidwi analandira Chimoludaviyani SSR. Nkhani amapita kuti ngakhale izi, mu dziko mavuto anabwera mu 1946 Komabe, monga ena zigawo za USSR. Mu Bessarabia panali njala pakutha pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ndipo ngakhale mu 1945, tinazindikira youma yotentha. Chifukwa chosowa chakudya chiwerengero cha zolakwa (makamaka kuba) chinawonjezeka kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha vutoli, alimi ayamba amakana pobwezera yokolola (makamaka mkate) mphamvu. Nthawi zina lonse gulu Kunyanyala zosonkhanitsira mankhwala. nkhani, makonsolo amatchedwa "mfundo lokhala wosasangalala zamagulu". N'chifukwa chake utsogoleri wa USSR anamasula Moldova kuchokera mwa kundipatsako kwa kamba ena mu mayiko ena Soviet, ndi Red Army.

Tikumbukenso kuti kuyambira mu 1947 mpaka Moldova ochokera ku mayiko ambiri a Soviet Union kunja zinthu zina chakudya.

Sovietization

Utsogoleri Soviet kupitiriza malamulo a Sovietization, 1940, inaimitsidwa chifukwa cha nkhondo. Mphamvu pompopompo analimbitsa mu dziko. The Supreme Soviet la Chimoludaviyani Soviet Socialist Republic ndi boma atabwerera ku achoke, choyamba anaikidwa Soroca, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku Chisinau. Atsogolereni kumanganso makonsolo: makomiti wamkulu dera zinalengedwa mwa ntchito mwachindunji. Mu kugwa kwa 1944 inayambanso makomiti mzinda wamkulu, komanso akumidzi, disilikiti wamba. Iwo anali ankamangidwanso ntchito milandu ndi mlandu.

Presidium za Supreme June 16, 1949, inalamula pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa makomiti chigawo wamkulu, boma, chigawocho ndi mudzi. October 16 linasindikizidwa lamulo latsopano kukhazikitsa chiyembekezo chakuti a zigawo ndi zigawo. Nsonga - Mu December 1947, chisankho mu m'boma inakonzedwa mu dziko kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa nkhondo. makomiti Executive osankhidwa pa gawo loyamba la Soviet Union. M'madipatimenti kasamalidwe ndi komishoni wapadera analenga pansi makomiti wamkulu.

kuwasamutsa

Wamba, amene anatha chidwi kuchuluka kwa chuma payekha, mothandizidwa ndi Romania mu 1941. kalasi likugwiritsidwa Moldova mpaka 1949. Mu zaka 1944-1945, utsogoleri Soviet anakakamizika ndi mphamvu dekulakize m'mizinda. Zibakera ndi chuma mu apolisi malo m'dera akutsimikizira. Boma Soviet ali masamu kuti mu 1946, nakhala pa dera la Moldova 27 025 eni dziko payekha.

Nkhondo itatha, njala mu dzikoli, kotero kuti panali gulu odana Soviet. Mwa anthu akumidzi ambiri anakhudzidwa ndi njala, anagawanika timapepala ta kuitana anthu kuti akane boma Soviet. Pamodzi ndi timapepala ta odana Soviet anapereka malangizo achipembedzo, adayala mpatuko m'deralo.

Mu 1949 April 6 Politburo wa CPSU (b) linakhazikitsa kusamvana pa kuchotsedwa kwa Bessarabia, poyamba cultists, kulaks, nzika, amalonda ndi anthu amene anathandiza ankhondowo German ndipo Romania ndi anathandiza azungu. Kunja kwa dzikoli atichotsa banja lonse. Zimenezi amatchedwa "Opaleshoni" South ". Moldova 11 290 mabanja a anthu 40 860 anawabweza. Expropriated katundu wadutsa mu malo a minda ndi mphamvu ya boma ndi gulu, nyumba ndi nyumba anagulitsidwa kwa anthu ena pankhaniyo.

Moldova anali mbali ya Soviet Union kwa zaka 47 mpaka August 27, 1991, pamaso kulengeza ufulu wodzilamulira.

utsogoleri magawano

Kodi wabwera kuimira SSR Chimoludaviyani? m'zigawo zake kuchuluka mayunitsi 52 ndizo zotsatira za kugawa zigawo za November 11, 1940. 6 kwambiri m'madera a dziko amene ali ku ASSR Chimoludaviyani.

Moldova anagwirizira zigawo izi:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky ndi malo);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni ndi malo);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova ndi Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, ndi Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-zigawo);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski ndi malo);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti ndi malo Suslensky).

Moldova anali kutsatira m'maboma Republican nomination:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

Kodi aliyense wogwidwa Chimoludaviyani SSR? Republican nomination mzinda anali kutsatira mu dziko lino:

• Chişinău;
• Balti;
• Bender;
• Tiraspol.

utsogoleri

Choncho, Chimoludaviyani Soviet Socialist Republic anali mbali ya Soviet Union mu 1940. kasamalidwe ake akuluakulu kumachita Moldova Communist Party, kumene kunali mbali ya CPSU. Mu 1990, a likhale chisankho multiparty anayamba. Amadziwika kuti thupi pamwamba pa Party Communist wa MSSR anali Komiti chapakati (CC). Mu 1940-1990 anali kupita mlembi woyamba wa dziko la Moldova CP.

Mu 1990, pambuyo pa chisankho April, anapanga mgwirizano wa "Popular Front" (mabungwe omwe si a chikominisi) ndi anthu ena kasamalidwe wa Moldova Communist Party, anakana mfundo chikominisi. Izi chimasonyeza kufalitsa posts kutsogolera: pa mutu wa mphamvu wamkulu anaima oimira "Front anthu", ndipo malamulo - achikomyunizimu kale. Kuchokera April 27 September 3, 1990 malo wapampando wa Supreme Soviet la Chimoludaviyani unachitikira Mircea Snegur. Ake yemweyo mu 1990, September 3 anasankhidwa pulezidenti wa Republic. Mircea Druk anali wapampando wa Bungwe la nduna za 25 May 1990 mpaka 28 May 1991, ndiye udindo uwu unali wotanganidwa Muravskiy Valery.

Council The Supreme

Kodi apamwamba malamulo thupi la Moldova mu zaka 1940-1991? Zinali Council Wamkulukulu (unicameral), zomwe akuluakulu (kupatula chisankho 1991), anasankhidwa popanda wopikisana naye pa maziko a zaka 4 (zaka 5 kuyambira 1979). Pamaso chisankho Ofuna ovomerezedwa ndi utsogoleri wa Party Communist la Moldova.

Council The Supreme si bungwe okhazikika, mamembala ake anasonkhana 2-3 chaka pa gawoli, womwe unatenga masiku angapo. Kuchita ntchito yoyang'anira mosalekeza osankhidwa andale ntchito Utsogoleli, ankaona mutu gulu la Republic.

odula manja

Tsopano tiyeni tione chovala mikono ya SSR Chimoludaviyani. Ichi ndi chizindikiro mitundu ya SSR Chimoludaviyani, zochokera chovala manja la Soviet Union. Malinga ndi nkhani 167th wa malamulo a dziko la Moldova, wobvomerezedwayo mwa 1978, April 15, muli chithunzi cha nyundo ndi chikwakwa, anaikidwa dzuwa. Mapangidwe awa atazungulira ngala, ngala, gulu la mphesa ndi wofiira riboni, mmene muli ndi zolemba: pansi ndi zilembo zooneka "RSSM" kumanja, mukhoza kuwerenga chiphiphiritso Russian, kumanzere - ichi ndi mawu olembedwa "Proletarians a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa!" chilankhulo Moldova. Pamwamba pa chovala manja chokongoletsedwa ndi nyenyezi zisanu zisonga.

Odula Zida za SSR Chimoludaviyani ali Mabaibulo angapo. Poyamba, ndi yosiyana ndi ya kalembedwe mochedwa mawu "pogwirizanitsa" chilankhulo Moldova ndi kutalika kwa dzuŵa. Malaya atsopano a mikono ya Republic anali ovomerezeka pa chigawo plenary a boma la Moldova, umene unachitika mu 1990, patsamba 3 November.

mbendera

Ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati mbendera ya SSR Chimoludaviyani? Ndi amakona anayi awiri amaganiza nsalu ndi wofiira, likulu limene zonse kutalika utoto wobiriwira lamizeremizere. Pa maziko wofiira mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya ndi mbali m'munsi mwa chizindikiro cha MSSR - nyundo ndi chikwakwa ndi-ananena zisanu zagolide nyenyezi wofiira, mwazunguliza ndime golide malire.

Green gulu ali lachinai m'lifupi nsalu. Nyundo ndi chikwakwa alembedwa mu lalikulu kungoganiza kumbali limafanana chachisanu cha m'lifupi mbendera. Chogwirira cha nyundo ndi zenga pa ngodya m'munsi a lalikulu, ndi tsamba zenga apuma pa malo a mbali chapamwamba.

nyenyezi zisanu zisonga amadziwikanso otchulidwa ochiritsira bwalo awiri wofanana ndi chakhumi cha m'lifupi intaneti. MSSR kasamalidwe anavomereza izi mbendera lamulo la January 31, 1952. gulu lotsatira anafotokoza m'nkhani 168 la Constituion wa MSSR 1978.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nditawerenga nkhani yathu, inu kumvetsa za SSR Chimoludaviyani.