Senate ndi nyumba Synod ku St. Petersburg: ndemanga, mafotokozedwe, mbiri ndi wamanga

Mmodzi wa chodabwitsa zolengedwa mapulani likulu kumpoto akuti ndi nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod. Mu St. Petersburg, ambiri nyumba zodabwitsa Koma ichi ndi chachikulu ntchito lotsiriza la mmisiri wotchuka Rossi wakhala chizindikiro cha classicism mochedwa.

mwachidule

Ndipotu, si chimodzi, koma nyumba awiri, omwe tsopano ali ogwirizana mu dzina lina - milimo ya Senate ndi Synod. Mu St. Petersburg, pamaso ulamuliro awiri boma utsogoleri wa Russian Ufumu anali mu nyumba wa khumi ndi awiriwo koleji. Komabe, pambuyo yomanga Admiralty mu 1823 nyumba yakale salinso chofanana ndi maonekedwe atsopano, amene walandira m'dera malamulo. Pali Akufunika zomangira zake. N'chifukwa chake mu 1824 mpikisano analengeza kwa polojekiti, imene anakonza kumanga nyumba yatsopano ya Senate ndi Synod.

Mu St. Petersburg, mwala woyamba anauika yomanga 24 August 1829. Poyamba tinayamba kumanga yomanga anafuna kuti Senate, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anayamba ndi Synod ya kapangidwe ndi. Yomanga inatha mu 1834. The wamanga wa nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod - Karl Ivanovich Rossi. ntchito ya zomangamanga pa ntchito yakeyo kutsogoleredwa ndi Alexander Shtaubert.

Prehistory

Poyamba, malo panopa Senate ndi Synod ili theka timbered nyumba, zokwana ndi Alexander Menshikov, ndi lotsatira - ndi zazikulu, yemwe ankayang'anira mkazi wamalonda a Kusovnikova. Pamene Wake wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince anali mwa chamanyazi, chuma chake pa Neva Mtsinje anasamutsidwa mu munda wa wachiwiri-Chancellor A. I. Ostermana. Patapita nthawi, mu 1744, dongosolo la anapatsidwa ndi Elizabeth A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Chancellor ankamangidwanso izo, analamula wamanga A. Vista kumanga nyumba kalembedwe Baroque.

Mu 1763, pamene anakwera wachifumu Catherine II, kukonza unasamutsidwira Treasury. Mu chipinda chino pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anasamukira ku Senate. Kuyambira 1780 mpaka 1790 pomanga wa Baroque Bestuzhev-Ryumin izo kachiwiri anakongoletsa: pamakoma muli latsopano mapulani chithandizo, ankaikira classicism Russian.

Dzina la wolemba lotsiriza la polojekiti, imene yomanga nyumbayo ikuchitika, sakudziwika bwinobwino. Komabe, kungoona kupulumuka mu Academy of Wabwino Tirhana Museum zosonkhanitsira zojambula cha kumadzulo wapakamwa, wazomangamanga anakhala osauka I.Starov.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Pamene mu 1823 wazomangamanga Zakharov ndatsiriza yaikulu Admiralty nyumba, panali kufunika kusintha zitatu mbali yaikulu ya likulu Kumpoto: Senate (tsopano Decembrists), Palace ndi Admiralty, kumene Alexander Garden nayikidwa mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa. Making kale pa nthawi kunyumba, zomwe munali nyumba ya Senate, salinso kukumana ndiye-ang'ono, ndi zomangamanga akukhudzidwira ndi ulemerero wa mzindawo. Ndipo chifukwa chofunika mkuntho.

dongosolo lake la mfumu, ndipo kenako pa mpando wachifumu anali Nicholas Ine, anayamba kumanga nyumba yatsopano kwa Senate pa chithunzi chimodzi chokha, pa nyumba ya General Wogwila, ndi Senate, Sinodi mu St. Petersburg zinachitikadi mmodzi njira mapulani. Choncho, nyumba yomaliza wamalonda Kusovnikovoy wogulidwa. Ndipo mu malo a nyumba Bestuzhev-Ryumin waganiza kumanga nyumba ya Senate.

Kusankha ntchito

Mu 1828 mpikisano analengeza. Iwo anali nawo Vasily Stasov, Pol Zhako, Smaragd Shustov, Vasily Glinka ndipo, ndithudi, Russia. Senate ndi Synod nyumbayi mu zojambula opikisana anali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, Jaco anapereka kumanga nyumba chimodzi, zomwe zingakhale ngati Louvre gallery, Stas anakonza kumanganso okha kunyumba wakale Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Rossi ankagwiritsanso ntchito nsanja awiri ndi kulumikiza iwo wina Chipilala kapangidwe ena. Ndipo ziri lero tikuona nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod.

Wazomangamanga ndi zosemasema

Chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu February 1829 ntchito yomanga ovomerezedwa ndi Rossi. Ntchito yaikulu ya katswiri wa zomangamanga anali kupereka nyumbayi khalidwe logwirizana ndi dera lalikulu limene kuima. Kale kumapeto kwa August pa masiku kuika nyumba, amene amayenera kuthamanga Senate. Maziko a nyumba anaika chikwangwani chamadzulo chomwe wapakamwa kujambula ovomerezedwa ndi Ufumu Wake, wokwatibwa ndi Carlo Rossi. Womanga anali yoikidwiratu wina wamanga wotchuka - A. Shtaubert. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi polojekiti, nyumbayi ndi organically kwambiri m'gulu khoma ndipo anasunga kuchokera kunyumba Bestuzhev-Rumin. Ndipo mu August 1830, pambuyo anakwanitsa kugula nyumba Kusovnikovoy kwa chuma cha boma, pomanga Synod ya nyumbayi anayamba pamalo ake

Mu July, 1831 Mfumu Nicholas Ine anavomereza polojekiti sculptural yokongola. Pankhaniyi, ndi umboni osiyana anapatsidwa kuti manambalawo Buku osati "kukula" ndi makhalidwe. Komanso, iwo anali kuikidwa mu zovala zosowa zakale, mwachitsanzo, mu toga, ndipo kuchotsa zikho zonse ndi zolemba mabuku.

Sculptural Kulembetsa amatenga ojambula zithunzi zochepa chabe - S. Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky ndi P. Sokolov, mothandizidwa ndi N. Tokarev ndi P. otsogolera ena. Ustinov analengedwa ndi ziboliboli zochokera mu alcove choyamba pa thunthu yatsala "Chikhulupiriro". Sokolov losema "kupembedza" ndipo Pimenov - "Chilamulo" ndi "Justice".

Capitals ndi masks mkango, komanso zinthu zina zokongoletsera zimapangidwa ndi dzanja Torricelli. The zikuchokera sculptural ili mu chapamwamba, komanso ngati "Geniuses" mabuku malamulo ntchito Demuth-Malinovsky kuponyedwa mkuwa fakitale Byrd.

yomanga

Patsogolo mapulani ndi omanga ntchito popereka nyumba khalidwe la nyumba ya Senate, malinga ndi ukulu wa Senate Square, wakhala anathana ndi luso lalikulu ndi tanthauzo lenileni la lonse. The wapakamwa lalikulu utali wokwanira kuti Russia wolemba polojekiti kuonjezera kutalika kwa nyumba kwa eyiti ndi theka fathoms. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti nyumba zina za Admiralty kwambiri poyerekeza nyumba ya Senate - ndi mochuluka monga mazana awiri ndi khumi masentimita. Kumayambiriro October 1832 ntchito yomanga anaimitsidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba mkati mwa nyumba onse. Mu February chaka chamawa mfumu okha sanachite maofesi anayendera. Ndipo mu 1934, nyumbayo anamaliza.

Features

Pakati pa wapakamwa zikuchokera, kuumba lonse odzitukumula ndiponso kufunika kwa Senate Square, Rossi anaganiza zikusonyeza Chipilala, anaponyedwa pa Galernaya msewu. Ndi kulumikiza nyumba ziwiri mu umodzi mapulani zovuta. Kuti kalembera ake Karl Ivanovich ntchito mmodzi wa iwo monga kale anatulukira, koma sadatsatire ndi Chipilala mungachite anapereka kwa General Wogwila. Izi njira mapulani kukonzedwa zochokera wamanga kwambiri ang'onoang'ono m'lifupi mwa mayendedwe. Pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe kwake zikuchokera kwa wamanga zazikulu waliteteza kwathunthu.

Chipilala

Iwo integrates nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod, ndipo anamaliza chosema ili mu chapamwamba cha Mipikisano gawo. "Justice ndi kupembedza", kutanthauza otchedwa amisiri Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky ndi AP Sokolov, limaimira umodzi wa mphamvu awiri - mpingo ndi boma. Pamwamba zikuchokera izi Osema ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi. Kuwonjezera pa, pa Chipilala, ndi chithunzi akadali anaika, allegorically limatanthauza 'geniuses amene sasunga lamulo. "

Pa chapamwamba yomweyo atatu chosemacho - ". Malamulo achilengedwe" "malamulo a mayikowo", "lamulo la Mulungu" komanso chidwi kwambiri malo awo. Pakati, pamwamba chabe chipilalachi, emblazoned n'zochepa lalikulu anatsalira otchedwa "malamulo a mayikowo." Mwa zithunzi zimene zilipo pa izo Akumenya busts a Peter Wamkulu ndi Catherine II.

mafotokozedwe

The wamanga wa nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod nyumba - Russia - wapereka mu mawu a atatu-storey amakona anayi ndi mabwalo. Zinamuyendera masitepe wokongola ndipo ankatha ndi ndiziwunda zopangidwa lubwe, kukongoletsa pakhomo. N'zosadabwitsa olemera kuwala ndi mthunzi zotsatira analengedwa ndi kusinthana kwa yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda mbali pa pamakoma a nyumba ndi niches. Izi kwambiri thandizo, mwakemu ambiri.

Synod fronted nyumba akukumana onse Promenade des Anglais, ndi kale Senate Square. Ambiri, akatswiri amakhulupirira chidwi kwambiri mapulani kamangidwe ka gawo ili la nyumba. ngodya zake anamaliza. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi zipilala aakulu mwakwera pamwamba pansi woyamba ndi kusonkhanitsa mizati isanu ya dongosolo Korinto, ngodya yokhota wofatsa umene udzatha, malinga Olemba ntchito analowa chapamwamba. Izi njira mapulani modabwitsa kopindulitsa mzere Promenade des Anglais, kuwapatsa iwo amayang'ana wolemera.

No zochepa chidwi ndi mapulani ake ndipo zakale Malo Conference mu nyumba ya Senate, malinga a amene chokongoletsedwa ndi caryatids ndi pilasters wa stucco, komanso denga, zomwe zimachititsa kupenta wojambula B. Medici. Pakati anali mpando tizinthu owala kapezi veleveti.

pambuyo zisinthe

Mu 1919, Senate ndi Synod anathetsa. Kuyambira 1925 ku Central zakale Archives inali mu nyumbayi. Mu 1936, nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod anayamba kubwezeretsa, ndipo pamakoma abwezeretsedwa, ndi chosema, ndi chaka anayamba kusintha siginecha chachikulu staircase. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, nyumba ziwiri akhala akumenya mwamphamvu. Iwo ali ndi zipolopolo ochepa zida zankhondo kuti zingawonongeka wolemetsa nyumba. Pafupifupi mpingo Synodal kufuzika.

Kubwezeretsa ntchito anayamba m'chilimwe cha 1944 - pamaso pa mapeto a nkhondo. Mu 2006, Historical Archives udasokonezeka, ndipo pomanga Senate ndi Synod anatchula Constitutional Court la Chitaganya cha Russia. Masiku ano, pali Library Pulezidenti.

ndi chidwi

Kungoona zikalata, ogulidwa ndi zazikulu wamalonda Kusovnikovoy ndalama moponya wachifumu kuchuluka kochuruka kwa nthawi - zikwi mazana asanu, pamene mu 1796-mamita chiwembu anali imawunikidwa monga zisanu ndi zikwi theka. The Hostess, proznav kuti m'malo nyumba yake adzakhala anamanga nyumba ya Synod anaganiza Jack kukwera mtengo, kuwonjezera kuchuluka okwana ziphuphu ndi zikuphatikizapo akuluakulu ambiri.

Pamene ntchito pa nyimbo "Justice ndi kupembedza," ndi ziboliboli za nyumba ya Senate ndi Synod Pimenov anafa. ntchito yake unakwaniritsidwa ndi mwana wake.