Saturn Mpweya: zikuchokera, kapangidwe

Dziko Saturn zimagawidwa monga gasi chimphona mapulaneti wa System Dzuwa. Ukulu wa wachiwiri pambuyo Jupiter, ali misa kwambiri ndi wosanjikiza wandiweyani mphete amene anazungulira izo. Saturn mlengalenga - chodabwitsa kuti kwa zaka zambiri wakhala nzika ya asayansi mikangano. Koma lero kukhazikika bwino kuti mpweya ndi kupanga maziko a thupi lonse wa mpweya umene ulibe pamwamba olimba.

Mbiri ya atulukira wamkulu

Kwa nthawi yaitali, asayansi ankaganiza kuti maso athu chatsekedwa dziko yaikulu komanso mpita wake ali kanthu. kuphunzira nawo kuchokera kutali 1610, pambuyo Galileo ankaona Saturn kudzera zakutali ndi, komanso anafotokozedwa mayina awo pamaso pa mphete wake. Masiku amenewo, palibe mmodzi sanaganizire n'komwe kuti thupi lakumwamba ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi Lapansi, Venus kapena Mars, ngakhale ali pamwamba wapangidwa kwathunthu mpweya, mkangano kutentha sangaganize. Pamaso pa mlengalenga Saturn okha anatsimikizira mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Komanso, asayansi amakono yekha anatha kunena kuti dziko - mpweya zibaluni. Kanema wake ankafufuza "Voyager 1", okhoza kumasula kafukufuku mu kunja mlengalenga. Zithunzi zimapezeka, zimene zinasonyeza zili makamaka wapangidwa ndi wa hydrogen Saturn mitambo, komanso mpweya zina zambiri. Kuyambira pamenepo, kafukufuku ikuchitika kokha pamaziko a ziphunzitso ndi kuwerengetsera. Ndiyeno n'koyenera kuona kuti wina za mumlengalenga kwambiri zamatsenga ndi unexplored kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi ndendende Saturn.

Pamaso pa mlengalenga, kapangidwe kake

Tikudziwa kuti mapulaneti lapadziko, amene umakhala pafupi Dzuwa, alibe chikhalidwe. Koma ichi ndi thupi lolimba, zomwe zigwirizana mwala ndi zitsulo, ndi kulemera zina ndi magawo kutilimbikitsa kuchita. Ndi balloons mpweya zinthu zosiyana kwambiri. Saturn mlengalenga - ndi maziko a wake. Osatha mafuta nthunzi, fogs ndi Mitambo pamodzi ndi kuchuluka zosaneneka kupanga mawonekedwe ozungulira chifukwa maginito pachimake. Maziko a m'mlengalenga dziko ndi wa hydrogen zake peresenti pa 96. Monga zosafunika mpweya ena alipo, anapangira amene amadalira kuya. Tikumbukenso kuti madzi a timibulu zosintha osiyana ayezi ndi zina organic pa Saturn.

The zigawo ziwiri za m'mlengalenga ndi kapangidwe kake

Choncho mpweya Saturn a lagawidwa pawiri: wosanjikiza akunja ndi amkati. Woyamba peresenti 96,3 la haidrojeni maselo pa peresenti 3 - ya helium. mipweya zazikulu admixed zigawo zikuluzikulu monga phosphine, amoniya, methane ndi ethane. Apa zimachitika amphamvu padziko mphepo mathamangidwe ukufika 500 m / s. Koma wosanjikiza m'munsi wa mlengalenga, haidrojeni zachitsulo chimapambana apa - za 91 peresenti, ndi helium. Mu chilengedwe, pali mitambo hydrosulfide ammonium. Wosanjikiza m'munsi anali aspirated nthawi mkangano kwa malire. Pamene tikuyandikira pakati kutentha ukufika zikwi Kelvin, chifukwa mpaka kufufuza dziko kudzera mwa probes opangidwa pa Dziko Lapansi, sikutheka.

zochitika mumlengalenga

The chododometsa ambiri padziko lino ndi mphepo ndi mphepo. Kwambiri otaya kuwomba kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo za kasinthasintha ofananira. Pa equator pali pang'ono tizigona, ndipo patsogolo kumadzulo utuluke uka kwa izo. Padziko Saturn ndi malo zonse pafupipafupi nkhani ya zina zochitika nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, pali lalikulu woyera chowulungika mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera kamodzi pa zaka makumi atatu. M'masiku "nyengo yoipa" mpweya Saturn a, zikuchokera zomwe zina kumathandiza kuti zodabwitsazi, onse amatanthauza wamuloŵerera. mphezi. Kukha zimachitika ambiri mu M'madera a zitunda pakati pa equator ndi mizati. Ponena za iwowa, ndiye pali chinthu chachikulu imatengedwa kuti ndi Aurora. kubuka mphamvu chidzachitika kumpoto, chifukwa kumeneko ya maginito ndi wamphamvu kuposa kumwera. Kuwala ukuonekera mu mawonekedwe a mphete chowulungika kapena mizere yozungulira.

Anzanu ndi kutentha

Mwamwayi, mpweya Saturn chimapangitsa dziko kuziziritsa zokwanira poyerekeza ndi Jupiter, koma ndithudi, osati achisanu monga Uranus ndi Neptune. Kutentha chapamwamba ndi za -178 madigiri Celsius pa mphepo zonse ndi mafunde. Timayamba kusamukira phata la, kuthamanga kwambiri chikukwera Choncho, limatuluka ndi kutentha. Mu zigawo pakati ndi madigiri -88, ndipo zoipazi - pafupifupi zikwi atmospheres. Pa poti kafukufuku wafika, kutentha anali mu zone 3. Malinga kuwerengetsera m'chigawo cha dziko la kuthamanga pakati ukufika 3 miliyoni atmospheres. Pamene kutentha izi 11.700 madigiri Celsius.

afterword

Mwachidule, takambirana zimene pa kapangidwe ka mpweya Saturn a. The zikuchokera angayerekezedwe Jupiter, pali komanso kufanana ndi zimphona ayezi - Uranus ndi Neptune. Koma, monga yense mpira mpweya, Saturn ndi wapadera kapangidwe ake. Pali amphamvu kwambiri mphepo ndi kuwomba, kuthamanga ukufika akalozera modabwitsa ndi momwe kutentha ozizira (mawu zakuthambo).