The Pamadzi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Yaikulu mafuta Pamadzi mu dziko

The Pamadzi ndi apadera mtundu wa yonyamula katundu kuti akhoza kusinthidwa kwa m'madzi ndi mtsinje pa maulendo. zoyendera madzi cholinga mayendedwe a cargoes chochuluka. Yaikulu mu mzere wake amaonedwa nyanja supertankers, amene osati ntchito zoyendera mafuta, komanso kusunga ake.

Mmodzi wa supertankers lalikulu

The Pamadzi waukulu kwambiri padziko unayambitsidwa ku m'matangadza mu 1976. Mu udindo wa tate wake anali kampani Royal Dutch Nkhono, ndi sitima payokha inali dzina Batillus. Pa ntchito yomanga galimoto madzi anathera 70 zikwi matani zitsulo ndi pafupifupi $ 130 miliyoni. Mu 1973, panali mafuta mavuto dziko, chifukwa chimene mtengo wa zipangizo kuchuluka kwambiri. Izi zapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri zolowa. Company mlengi Pamadzi anali cholinga kuletsa ntchito yomanga chombo, koma mgwirizanowo anasaina zaka ziwiri isanayambe zomangamanga, Ine musalole izo. Kakonzedwe kusiyana analonjeza mtengo kwambiri. Panopa, kokha mpikisano chotengera - sitima lalikulu mu dziko, Pamadzi Kugogoda Nevis.

Zofunika Batillus chotengera

Chikadzangotha akamaliza chombo complies okha muyezo wawo osachepera: izo yakhazikitsa flights zonse 5 pa chaka. Kuyambira 1982, nthawi zoyendera madzi ulesi ndi chochita, osati ntchito cholinga chake. Mu 1982, mwini chombo anaganiza zogulitsa kwa zidutswa pa mtengo wa $ miliyoni 8. Kapangidwe The Pamadzi ikuphatikiza 40 palokha mtundu thanki, okwana mphamvu ndilo 677 300 kiyubiki mamita. Chifukwa ndi mamangidwe a chotengera kulekana mu zipinda akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito yonyamula imodzi mitundu yambiri ya chimasanduka. ntchito yafupika chiopsezo ngozi ndi mosavuta kuipitsidwa m'nyanja. Kutsegula mafuta mu Pamadzi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse zinachitikadi mapampu anayi mphamvu pafupifupi 24,000 kiyubiki mamita paola. The utali wonse wa chotengera ndi ofanana ndi mamita 414 ndipo deadweight (ie munkalowa) chofanana matani 550 zikwi. Liwiro pazipita sayenera upambana 16 mfundo ndi kuthawira nthawi popanda refueling ndi resupply anali masiku 42. Kukonza akuyandama kapangidwe ndi zomera mphamvu zinayi ankadya matani 330 a mafuta patsiku.

kusinthana kwa mibadwo

Pambuyo Batillus pyatilopastevymi ndi injini awiri ndi 4 nthunzi chopangira mphamvu mphamvu 64.800 ndiyamphamvu ntchito ngati sitolo kuyambira 2004 ndipo zimatayidwa mu 2010, linasintha Kugogoda Nevis. Pa mbiri yake, Batillus anasintha nambala yaikulu eni wasintha nthawi zambiri dzina ndipo kusema zitsulo zotha ndi dzina Mont pansi mbendera ya Sierra Leone. The Pamadzi wachiwiri kukula mu dziko - Kugogoda Nevis, pomanga amene, monga kuloŵedwa m'malo, inatha mu 1976. kukula kwake yaikulu chotengera anapeza patapita zaka zitatu, pambuyo kukhazikitsanso lapansi. Chifukwa cha wamakono wa mathanki matani pafupifupi 565 zikwi. m'litali ndi kuchuluka kwa mamita 460. anthu 40 - adalira. Turbines injini ya Pamadzi amatha kuthamanga mpaka mfundo 13 mphamvu okwana chifukwa 50 zikwi ndiyamphamvu.

Seawise Giant, kapena mbiri ya chotengeracho Kugogoda Nevis

Yaikulu mafuta Pamadzi mu dziko, yomanga imene idzachitika m'dziko XX atumwi, dzina lake Seawise Goliati. Ntchito yomanga Sitima inayamba asanafike zaka yatsoka a mathanki awiri decker. Pa nthawi, chotengera wapadera kulibe. Naye, malinga ndi akatswiri, adzatha kupikisana mizinda yekha ikuyandama nyumba, maudindo ndi ntchito wathunthu zomangamanga Mukungoyamba kuonedwa kuti akatswiri. Ntchito yomanga chotengera inayamba mu 1976. Poyamba, anali kukumana ndi deadweight matani 480.000, koma pambuyo bankirapuse wa woyamba mwini magnate Tung anaganiza kuonjezera mphamvu matani 564.763. chombo unayambitsidwa mu 1981 ndipo cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kunyamula mafuta kuchokera kumunda ndi Gulf of Mexico. Kenako tranportiroval chombo mafuta Iran. Nthawi ina flights wakhala anasefukira mu Gulf.

matsenga chitsitsimutso

Yaikulu mafuta Pamadzi mu dziko otchedwa Seawise Giant anaukitsidwa kwa pansi pa nyanja pafupi Kharg pachilumba cha 1988 ndi doko la zombo zapanyanja Keppel doko la zombo zapanyanja. The mwini latsopano Pamadzi ndi kampani Norman International, limene anakhala kubwezeretsa chombo matani 3700 chitsulo. Kale kubwezeretsedwa chotengera kachiwiri anasintha umwini nakhala adzatchedwa Jahre Viking. Mu March 2004, ufulu umwini kwa izo anatitumiza ku kampani Choyamba Olsen Sitima zonyamula mafuta, umene uli chifukwa zaka zazikulu za kamangidwe kake anasinthidwa FSO - Yoyandama Pamadzi zovuta, ponena okha potsegula ndi kusunga chimasanduka mu sitima ya Dubai. Pambuyo kukonzanso Pamadzi anapeza dzina la kugogoda Nevis umene iye akudziwika ngati chikhomo Pamadzi mu dziko. Pambuyo renaming otsiriza chombo monga FSO anali towed madzi ku munda wa Qatar Al Hanshin.

Miyeso ya Pamadzi ndi Kugogoda Nevis

The Pamadzi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse ankatchedwa Kugogoda Nevis. Iye anakhala ngati mankhwala kwa luso la zopangapanga. Monga mbali ya kapangidwe ntchito mu kotenga dongosolo alumikizana girder, ndi onse kuwonjezera-ins anali kutsogolo. Ndi pamene kusonkhana mathanki kuwotcherera magetsi anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba. Panyengo zosiyanasiyana linakhalapo wakhala kudziwika monga Pamadzi Jahre Viking ndi Wodala Giant, Seawise Giant ndi Kugogoda Nevis. m'litali ndi mamita 458,45. Pakuti zosiyana kwathunthu kwa chombo anafunika malo mu 2 Km ndi thandizo la agogo amandikhudza. The gawo yopingasa mamita 68,8 zoyendera madzi, logwirizana ndi m'lifupi bwalo la mpira. Sitimayo chapamwamba chombo mosavuta akomere minda mpira 5.5. Pamadzi atachotsedwa pa mndandanda wa January 1, 2010, chifukwa iye anali osati mpikisano woyenera, komanso koyenera yosavuta.

Yaikulu Lng Pamadzi mu dziko

Yaikulu Lng Pamadzi sitima ankaona kuti dzina Mozah, amene anaikidwa mu ntchito ogula mu 2008. Pomanga wa doko la zombo zapanyanja wa Samsung ankagwiritsa ntchito Qatar Mafuta Transport Company. Kwa zaka zitatu, Lng mathanki ndi mphamvu zosakwana 140.000 kiyubiki mamita wa mpweya liquefied. Mozah chimphona anathyola zolembedwa zonse ndi muyeso wa mphamvu kiyubiki mamita 266 zikwi. buku lino akukwana kuonetsetsa kuti tsiku lonse kupereka kutentha ndi magetsi kuti gawo lonse la England. Deadweight limafanana tonnes 125 600. m'litali ndi 345, ndipo m'lifupi - mamita 50. Choyesera - mamita 12. Mtunda ku muyezo ku galimoto limafanana ndi kutalika kwa 20 storey inawomba nyumba yaitali. The Pamadzi kumanga malo unsembe inaperekedwa mpweya liquefaction, amene minimizes ndi utsi zoipa ndipo pafupifupi kumatha ngozi, kupereka kwathunthu chitetezo cha katundu. Iwo anakonza kumangapo ndi anapezerapo pa zombo zonse 14 pa mndandanda.

The mathanki waukulu nthawi

The Pamadzi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse - Chinese. Monga kusintha kwa mibadwo anasintha ndi chotengera, lomwe tsopano zimatayidwa anakhalabe m'dziko lomwelo chiyambi.

Mapulani ULCC kalasi, amene anatha upambana chilemba cha 500,000 dwt, pali 6 okha:

• Battilus ndi deadweight 553,662. Nthawi ya 1976-1985 ndi zaka.
• Bellamya ndi deadweight a 553,662, mafunde nyanja kuchokera 1976 mpaka 1986.
• Pierre Guillaumat, anamanga mu 1977 ndiponso amene anapuma pantchito mu 1983.
• Esso Atlantic ndi deadweight la 516.000 ndi nthawi ya kukhalapo kuyambira mu 1977 mpaka 2002.
• Esso Pacific (matani 516,000). Zikugwira ntchito nthawi - kuyambira mu 1977 mpaka 2002.
• Prairial (matani 554,974). Zinakonzedwa 1979, kuchotsedwa ndege mu 2003.