Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: likulu, zigawo ndi mizinda

Nkhanza kumpoto m'mphepete - zokongola ndi lakutali. matanthauzo awa ali ndi ntchito ya Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Mu dziko lino, wazunguliridwa ndi chikhalidwe pristine miyambo ya makolo awo amakhala anthu ameneŵa, ndi subsoil olemera a pa umisiri wamakono. Yamal wakhala anakopeka apaulendo ndi maonekedwe yake yapadera. Apa kuphatikiza yodabwitsa kwambiri dyera dzuwa ndi m'maganizo a chikhalidwe komanso kusalekerera nyengo ndi bwino ndi anthu am'deralo, ndi phale wosangalatsa ya nyundo ndi yozizira woyera chete. Asayansi ngati Yamal kwa kulemera chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe wapadera. Choncho nadzafika ku Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (likulu Salekhard), kuti kusangalala ndi mpweya wabwino ndi kupeza kuwona kukongola kwa ngodya akutali a m'dzikolo chathu chachikulu.

madera

Okongola ndi wolemera mu Russia Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - wakuda ngale ya kumpoto kwa dziko lathu. Ndipo sakondwera zochepa - 770 zikwi makilomita lalikulu la West Siberia Plain. The mtundu wa chigawocho ndi monga: Gydan Peninsula, Taz chilumba ndipo, ndithudi, Yamal Peninsula. Ambiri a chigawocho ndi imafalira pa Arctic Circle. Kuchokera YANAO kumpoto osambitsidwa ndi Nyanja Kara, kum'mwera pafupi ndi dera Khanty-Mansiysk, kum'mawa anansi - ndi Taimyr ndi Evenki Autonomous District, kumadzulo izo malire ndi dera Arkhangelsk ndi Republic of Komi. mpumulo YANAO akhoza kugawidwa mu chigwa ndi phiri. peninsulas onse atatu lili ndi mitsinje yaing'ono, zigwembe, gullies ndi zithaphwi. Mapiri akutambasula makilomita mazana awiri Mzere yopapatiza pamodzi kumalo ozizira Urals. YANAO nyengo zikuchepa chokhala, wouma mtima, lagawidwa m'zigawo zitatu: Mzere kumpoto kwa West Siberia Plain, subarctic ndi kozizira. Anthu pafupifupi 500 zikwi anthu kachulukidwe wa munthu zosakwana imodzi kilometre lalikulu.

Flora

The zomera chivundikiro mu Yamalo-Nenets ali ndi kutchulidwa latitudinal zonation. zisanu mbali wowoneka akhoza kuwasiyanitsa: ndipo nayonso kumpoto, Titafika pamalo nkhalango, chitsamba, Moss-ndere ndi Arctic Titafika pamalo. Mu kwambiri kumpoto kozizira gulu, zomera ndi ochepa kwambiri. Pano mukhoza kupeza ndere yekha, lichens ndi sedges. The Moss-ndere Titafika pamalo kale kukula tchire ang'ono ndi udzu. M'dera lotsatira (chitsamba chilichonse Titafika pamalo) kukula birch ndi msondodzi mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono m'mphepete mwa mtsinje - zipatso ndi bowa. Mu nkhalango zambiri zithaphwi ndi mitsinje yaing'ono. Apa kukula nyenyezi yaing'ono birch, larch, spruce yaing'ono. Mu zone kum'mwera kwa Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District - ndipo nayonso, kwambiri nyanja, m'madambo, mitsinje. Dera lonse ali ndi kuwala wandiweyani ndi mdima nkhalango coniferous.

zomera

Ngati zomera YANAO zochepa kwambiri, nyama - wolemera zosiyanasiyana. Mu zisanu nyengo ya m'boma la anthu mitundu sate-eyiti nyama. Ambiri carnivores ndi makoswe - mitundu khumi ndi zinayi. Zisanu yonse ya pinnipeds, atatu - insectivorous, awiri - hoofed. mitundu makumi awiri nyama ubweya zobala ali wa mtengo wake wapatali malonda.

Zothandiza zachilengedwe

Yamalonenetskiy yoyenda yokha chigawo (likulu Salekhard) kudziwika hydrocarbon nkhokwe. Payenera za 78% ya nkhokwe okwana mafuta ndi gasi Russian. YANAO - padziko lonse lapansi m'munsi hydrocarbon gwero. Ntchito pa m'zigawo zipangizo wapatali yaiwisi ndipo anakhalabe pa Nakhodkinskoye Urengoiskoe gasi, Ety-South Russian, minda mafuta Yamburgskoye. Mu YANAO chaka limapanga 8% ya makope onse a "wakuda" ndipo pafupifupi 80% - "golide buluu". Kumalo ozizira Ural akupangidwa chromium, molybdenum, tini, chitsulo, kutsogolera mankwala, barytes mchere.

anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo za Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

Tsopano anthu makumi awiri akukhala Yamalo-Nenets. Koma woona okhala zamakolo ndi Khanty ndi Nenets, Selkup ndi Komi-Izhemtsy, amene ankakhala mu gawo kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Adakali anakakhala theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chitukuko mu nthawi ya Soviet Union m'madera ya Far North.

Khanty: Anthu izi kuyambira akale ankakhala Khanty-Mansiysk m'madera ndi Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Culture, chinenero ndi miyambo ya anthu ndi sakanikira kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Khanty anakakhala pa gawo m'malo ambiri choncho kukhala penapake unagawanika.

Nenets padziko gawo lalikulu la Russia - a pa Taimyr Peninsula ku gombe la nyanja ya Arctic. Anthu amenewa anachokera ku kum'mwera Siberia choyamba Zakachikwi AD. Iye akunena za gulu Samoyed.

Amadziwika kuti anthu Komi okhala padziko m'dera limeneli kwa Ine Zakachikwi BC fuko lino lagawidwa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa Komi. nthawi yoyamba makedzana chinkhoswe mu mphalapala wawo amadalira kuweta nsomba ndi kusaka. Yotsirizira anali alenje komanso asodzi.

Selkup - anthu ochuluka kuposa wa North. Selkups kale chinkhoswe mu nsomba ndi kusaka. Anthu oimira anthu, amene anali kukhala M'madera a zitunda apamwamba, ngakhale ayipanga mphalapala.

likulu

Likulu la Yamalo-Nenets District mzinda wa Salekhard. Iwo ili pa magombe a ob Mtsinje (kumanja). mzinda ili pa Arctic Circle (mmodzi yekha mu dziko). Anthu ndi 40 zikwi anthu. mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1595. Poyamba anali linga waung'ono wotchedwa Obdorsky. Zaka pafupifupi utayambika nzika pano kuonekera. Popeza 1923, m'mudzi inasandulika chilikati cha Obdorsk Obdorsk dera Ural dera. Kale mu 1930 m'mudzi akapatsidwa udindo wa likulu la Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Patatha zaka zitatu izo anadzatchedwa Obdorsk mu Salekhard. Masiku ano, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, likulu la kampani olowa katundu makamaka, kusiyana mofulumira kwambiri. Mzindawu uli ndi zambiri makampani, "Yamalzoloto", mtsinje doko, nsomba cannery, "Yamalflot" ndi ena. mzinda atatsegula Yamalo-Nenets District Museum ndi chionetsero ovuta, amene amagwiritsa ntchito malo chionetsero, owonetsera zakale ndi kafukufuku laibulale. Ngakhale Salekhard ndi District Nyumba ya Timatheriyali - State Bajeti Institution of Culture wa Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Mu likulu YANAO nthambi zambiri mayunivesite osiyana. Tikumbukenso kuti Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (likulu Salekhard) ndi mavuto aakulu ndi Intaneti. chakuti dera sakumvetsabe ndi netiweki CHIKWANGWANI-chamawonedwe.

Cities ndi zigawo chigawo Yamalo-Nenets

Kapangidwe YANAO zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri, mizinda itatu, asanu townships , ndi makumi wina makonzedwe m'mudzimo. Ma la Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: Yamal, Shuryshkarsky, Taz, Puri Priuralsky, Nadym ndi Krasnoselkupsky. Monga tanena, anthu kachulukidwe ndi otsika. Ngakhale gawo lalikulu, ali m'mizinda ingapo kwambiri mu Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Cities: Noyabr'sk (97 TH.), New Urengoj (89.8 zikwi.), Nadim (45.2 zikwi.) Muravlenko (36.4 zikwi.) Salekhard (32.9 zikwi.) Labytnangy (26, 7 ths.), Guba (21 100 okhala). M'munsimu muli ena mwa mzinda YANAO adzakhala anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

Gubkinskii

City Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) mu 1996 n'kukhala mudzi wa mfundo chigawo ndi dzina la Soviet miyala ndi nthaka Gubkina Ivana Mihaylovicha. Malowa ali pamtunda kumanzere m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Pyakupur makilomita mazana awiri kuchokera kozizira Circle. The mzinda unakhazikitsidwa ngati maziko a chitukuko cha madipoziti mafuta. Chifukwa Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), makamaka imakhazikika mu mafuta ndi gasi kupanga ndi mafakitale processing. mzinda bwino anaika kugwira ntchito ndi achinyamata: masewera ntchito ndi malo chikhalidwe, dansi ya kusukulu, pali kujambula situdiyo. Pa unyamata ndi mwayi wolandira maphunziro a kwawo.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1984. udindo District analandira mu 1990. dzina lake polemekeza ndi mafuta injiniya Muravlenko Viktora Ivanovicha. Kwenikweni, bajeti mudzi kudzadza ndi makampani ogulitsa mafuta. Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) ali mwini okwerera ake wailesi ndi televizioni. Limafalitsa nyuzipepala "Town athu", "Kopeika", "Mawu oilman."

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Pambuyo Novy Urengoy Noyabrsk - wachiwiri kwambiri ambiri mu Yamalo-Nenets. Deti la maziko a mzinda mukhoza kutengedwa ngati 1973, malo lero Noyabrsk mafuta choyamba bwino anali mokhomerera. Patapita zaka ziwiri, apa pakubwera odzakhala oyambirira, omwe makamaka inkakhala antchito. Mu 1976 Noyabrsk kuthetsa ankapezeka yekha mafuta mapu, ndipo mu 1982 ndi kuthetsa anapatsidwa udindo wa chigawo mzinda. Mafuta, mafuta ndi makampani mafuta anayamba bwino. M'munda umenewu muli oposa makumi atatu makampani.