Park "Sophia", Uman. paki History

Park "Sophia" (Uman) - ndi malo ambiri adziwe. Chaka chilichonse alendo nkhosa pano osati ndi Ukraine, komanso ku oyandikana ndi kunja. Kodi chimakopa anthu onsewa? Ndi m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko pali ngodya lidziwe zimenezo? Likukhalira, inde.

Ambiri izo Tingaone kuti mwanjira ina Uman - Ukraine mu kakang'ono. Chifukwa chiyani? Cholinga ndi kuti tiyenera kokha kupeza yekha malo awa, ndipo mudzaona chikhalidwe mmene osiyanasiyana a dera ili: kuno, zikuoneka kuti chilichonse - mapiri ndi mitsinje zobisika pansi pa dziko phanga ndi minda dzuwa, mitengo wapadera wokutidwa ndi udzu zobiriwira meadows. Ndipo mu Ukraine mtundu moyo, anthu opereka ndi kuchereza, wokonzeka kudyetsa wapaulendo, toera kupangiza njira ndi kupereka zofunika mfundo zonse kuyenda.

Nkhaniyi Cholinga kukuuzani zonse za malowa zidzasintha pa dziko lapansi, monga paki "Sophia" (Uman). owerenga amaphunzira za ali m'dera lino, komanso kuti timudziwe bwino mbiri ya pakuwonekera kwake. Mwazina, nsonga wapatali ndi malangizo adzapatsidwa zimene kukaona mu malo oyamba.

dera Pearl Cherkassy

Uman "Sofievka", wapadera paki mu Ukraine - mawu awa, mwinamwake, akhala n'chimodzimodzi kwa apaulendo ambiri achidwi. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, si mwangozi. Tiyeni tiyese kuthana ndi nkhani imeneyi.

Choyamba ndi Dziwani kuti Uman - tauni yaing'ono yomwe ili mu mtima wa Ukraine, Cherkassy dera, pafupifupi equidistant ku kuwiri mizinda kamodzi zachikhalidwe cha dziko - Kiev ndi Odessa.

Ambiri, palibe yofunika kwambiri mtengo kapena zochitika wapadera zipilala mapulani. Komabe, malo awa kukaona chaka ndi alendo oposa theka miliyoni kuchokera konsekonse lonse. ndi chifukwa maloboti achuluka chiyani? Tikuthokoza chakuti pali cimodzi za zozizwa za Ukraine - arboretum "Sofiyivka" imene ili mwaluso woona wa luso malo.

gawo ili la mzindawo pa mphindi yoyambirira Ndimagoma ndi malo ake okongola, dziwe wokongola, grottos Fairy ndi ziboliboli wosangalatsa. Mwa njira, osati kuzindikira kuti paki ili mkati mudzi odzichepetsa otchedwa Uman (Ukraine), mwina mwa mbali zochititsa chidwi za dziko.

"Sofiyivka" ndi amodzi mwa malo ambiri chikondi cha dziko. Ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa, chifukwa chipilala izi luso malo kwenikweni analenga osati m'dzina la chikondi, koma ndi chizindikiro cha zaka 200 zapitazo.

"Sofiyivka" nthawi ya Potocki

Uman, Ukraine pa mapu kupeza zokwanira basi. Tsambali ndi chabe pa mphambano ya njira malonda kwambiri, ndipo tisaiwale kuti wakhala, kuyambira pa chiyambi kwambiri m'tauni imeneyi. Kutenga mfundo imeneyi, palibe amene amadabwa kuti izi ndi likulu zoyendera anasankhidwa patapita nthawi yomanga imodzi yogona ya Chiwerengero S. Potocki, wodziwika pa nthawi wamalonda ndi mwini malo.

Magnate anayambitsa paki m'gawo la chuma chawo mu 1796. Komabe, kutsegula wake waulemerero unachitika mu May 1800. Ntchito anali kulephereka kangapo chifukwa madzi osefukira lolemera zaka zinayi.

Mapeto a zomangamanga wakhala zinamuchitikira dzina tsiku mkazi wake wokondedwa wa Chiwerengero - Sofia Glyavone-Witt-Potocki. Ndipotu, pambuyo paki iye kuti nalo dzina lake.

Poyamba, ntchito ya mmisiri wamkulu wa mwaluso tsogolo la paki malo otchedwa "Sophia" (Uman) anaitanidwa Ludwig Metsel, mkulu zida zankhondo, mphwake wa Potocki. Mumadziwika ndi mtengo okwana makonzedwe ake, amene pa nthawiyo anakwana rubles 2 miliyoni. siliva.

Malinga ndi dongosolo la kulowa oyamba paki ali kumbali ya wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo zikuchokera zovuta anatenga malo pamodzi ndi bedi mtsinje. Kamenka. Malinga polojekiti Metzel zinalengedwa: dongosolo paki madzi mayiwe inakula, mathithi, zipata zotulukirapo ndi mitsinje, ziboliboli, grottos Venus, Mtedza, mantha, ndi kukayika, ndi Tarpeian thanthwe Lefkadiaki.

Atamwalira S. Potocki "Sofiyivka" akatengela mwana wake wamkulu ku ukwati wake Yuzefinoy Mnishek - ndicho, Jerzy (Yuri) Szczęsny. Koma wolandira ceded umwini mumzinda wa Uman ndi galimoto ondipeza wake Sophia, amene ankagwiritsa yaitali mwacikondi. Koma iye anachita izo si mfulu, posinthanitsa ndi alipire ngongole yake - zlotys 30 miliyoni.

Nayenso, chifukwa cha kufunika abweze ngongole anasonkhanitsa stepson ndi mwamuna (okwana 7.5 PLN), Sofia anakakamizika mu 1808 kupereka zogulitsa Uman Russian boma tsarist. Iye panokha analankhula pa maganizo amenewa kwa Alexander I. Koma panthawi imeneyo zambiri konse zinachitika.

Mpaka 1813 paki "Sophia" (Uman) anali mu chikhalidwe chabwino, izi ndithu phindu L. Metzel. Komabe, pambuyo otsiriza atapita ntchito mu Warsaw, "Sofiyivka" watha kulandira kuisamalira kenako anagwera mu kuwonongeka.

Koma zikuoneka, m'dera anali akadali anakagona pansi pa nyenyezi mwayi. Mu 1815 ku Paris, lofalitsidwa ndakatulo Zofiówka, lolembedwa ndi Polish wolemba Stanisław Stanisław Trembecki. Zinali iye amene amatulutsa paki poto-European kutchuka ndi ulemerero.

Pambuyo matenda aakulu November 22, 1822 mwini paki Sophia, anafa Berlin, kotero munda zapita mwana wake Alexander. Limabwerera "Sofievka" kukongola kale likugwirizana ntchito zake zidzasintha atsopano ndiponso akufunsa A. Andrzeevski kulemba nkhani ya nyama paki.

Komabe, chifukwa kukaikira Aleksandra Pototskogo mogwirizana ndi opanduka Polish, ngakhale iye anakana mfundo imeneyi makalata lake, dziko lake pambuyo October 21, 1831 anali sequestered ndi boma la Russia.

"Sofiyivka" monga munda Tsarina a

Ngakhale zonse, paki kuposa chaka anali pa kayendetsedwe ka Aleksandra Pototskogo, kenako kunditumiza ku Kiev Exchequer koyamba, ndipo kenako - monga mphatso Alexandra kuchokera mkazi wachikondi Onse-Russian Mfumu Nicholas I. Mu thandizo la ichi mu 1850 ku Caucasus phiri m'malo pedestal ndi wokwera fano la Tadeusha Kostyushko mfumukazi.

Chifukwa kuika mu 1838 St. Garden, kenako retrofitting ku khwalala, paki chimakhala Kufikika kwambiri kwa anthu n'kuyamba kukhala mwachangu. Panthawi imeneyi, anamanga alcoves, ennobled gwero la Njira zazikulu, ndi pafupi ndi khomo lalikulu anamanga nsanja ziwiri kalembedwe Gothic anamanga hema pa za. Anti-Circe ndi gazebo Flora.

Patapita kanthawi, mkulu wa Nicholas Ine, ndi hema mu kalembedwe Gothic anagwetsa ndi malo ake pali nyumba kalembedwe wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano zinalengedwa ndi AI Shtakenshnejdera. Pakhomo nsanja amadziwikanso momangidwanso, nthawi imeneyi analengedwa kalembedwe yakale yoyendera. Komanso, Apollo ladzala grotto ndi apo obelisk ndi mphungu atatu mutu ndi wosweka zokongola kasupe wotchedwa "Nyoka".

Park monga waukulu horticultural sukulu

Ndi la Mfumu Alexander II mu 1859 muluwani Uman, "Sophia" paki ulendo umene posachedwapa anali wotchuka yaikulu, anadzatchedwa "Umansky Garden General Kulima dimba School." Mu umunthu izi, ali zaka zingapo.

Mu 1870, zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, paki kachiwiri amaona chigumula - damu linasokoneza Yofiira Pond, ndi chachikulu madzi kutuluka umadutsa chigawo chapakati cha paki. Chiwonongeko, kumene anali, koma tsoka okwana mwamwayi, anakwanitsa kupewa.

Malinga polojekiti Vasiliya Pashkevicha, pano pa malo 2 ha analenga arboretum lapadera, koma ntchito yaikulu akadali umalimbana kukhalabe Uman ngale mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi.

Tikumbukenso kuti 1897 m'derali anali mahekitala 152, ndipo chiwerengero cha toyesa ya zomera wafika 382 zikwi.

A paki odziwika national

Watsimikiza Commissars Anthu a SSR Chiyukireniya pa May 18, 1929 chifukwa cha dzina la mzinda m'malo mwa Uman. "Sophia" Park, amene mbiri kwenikweni chosangalatsa modabwitsa kulengeza boma kusunga ndi kuzindikira bungwe palokha. Ngakhale pa nthawi yomweyo, mbali ya m'gawo lake Zatsala subordinated ku University agrarian.

Mu 1945, monga nkhondo itatha, izo anadzatchedwa kachiwiri, nthawi ili mu Uman State Park "Sofiyivka". Ndipo mu 1946, kale allocated chuma ndithu umalimbana kubwezeretsedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, izo limabwezeretsa ambiri a zinthu kamangidwe, ziboliboli ndi makwalala. Pa malo a mahekitala 20, yapadera wowonjezera kutentha malo anaikira kuswana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi patsogolo "Sofiyivka".

Chiyukireniya Academy of Sciences "Sofievka"

Mu 1955 "Sofiyivka" ndi mbali ya ku Central Botanical Garden wa Academy of Sciences ya SSR Chiyukireniya. Kenako, kuwonjezera dera paki ndi chifukwa kumtunda Umansky Gorkommunkhoz, Institute ulimi ndi unit asilikali. Lekani ntchito pa kusintha kwa paki: pansi kukonzanso Pinki hema, kuchinga m'malo mwa pakhomo chachikulu.

Mu 1956, ndi ziboliboli zonse paki m'malo ndi makope ndi mipukutu yoyambirira yeniyeni zimatumizidwa zapamwamba lapansi. The Njira yaikulu ndi wodzilemekeza ndi gwero la mitsinje siliva.

April 4, 1980 "Sophia" Park (Uman) overtakes mudflow. kuda zake Tingaone ndi zizindikiro pa mitengo (pa kutalika 3 m).

Modern arboretum "Sofiyivka"

Pambuyo pa tsoka miyezi 4 inathetsedwa kuwonongeka 50 paki malo. Panthawi imeneyi imachitikanso gulu la gawo ka boma ndi chuma cha paki, akuchira kale anataya zinthu: pafupifupi kumanganso pa kusodza choyambirira cha gazebo ndi bowa. Aherusiyskoe.

January 23, 1991 "Sophia" paki amalandira udindo wa bungwe loziyimila palokha monga mbali ya Academy National wa Sciences ya Ukraine.

Pa pokonzekera chikondwerero cha bicentenary arboretum kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ntchito ikuchitika ndi wamanga Yuri Kalashnikov. Mwachitsanzo, iwo unalengedwa predparkovy gulu loyimba kubwezeretsedwa amatunga, wobwezeretsedwa ena zinthu mapulani monga chosema a mphungu ndi grotto wa Apollo.

Ndi posachedwapa, February 28, 2004, malo amene analandira dzina boma, ndipo anaitana arboretum National "Sofiyivka".

Kodi kuona paki mu malo oyamba?

Monga tanena Uman pa mapu a Ukraine Tingaone bwino ndithu. Choncho, popeza anafika ku dziko lino, ngakhale kwa nthawi yochepa, sitingathe maola osachepera ochepa mwaluso Mtheradi uwu luso malo.

Pa zimene kulabadira woyamba wa zonse? Malinga ndi mayankho a apaulendo ambiri, "Sofievka" ayambe kuona zinthu zimenezi chidwi:

• Nyoka kasupe;
• Tarpeian Rock;
• Grot Appolona;
• Cretan kukhotakhota;
• za. Anti-Circe;
• Assemblies m'dera;
• Grotto wa Thetis;
• Chinese gazebo;
• Kalipso grotto;
• Large mathithi.