Dimethyl efa - mafuta chi kwa injini dizilo

Esters wa - zotumphukira wa alcohols, mamolekyulu amene ndi atomu wa hydrogen wa gulu HA ndi malo pa mpweya kwakukulu. Pakuti lililonse Ester metamerism ndi isomerism hydrocarbon unyolo.

hydrocarbon unyolo isomerism chifukwa nthambi zake.

Metamerism - mtundu wa isomerism imene esters ziwiri kapena zambiri ndi ofanana chilinganizo maselo koma osiyana dongosolo maselo chifukwa ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira osiyana pa mbali zonse za mpweya "mlatho". Mwachitsanzo, chilinganizo maselo limafanana ndi atatu S4N10O Ester:

- CH3-O-CH (CH3) 2;

- CH3-O-C3H7;

- C2H5-O-C2H5.

zinthu izi kukonzekera synthetically, kuphatikizapo dimethyl efa. Chilinganizo pawiri izi ukufanizidwa ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira methyl awiri, ndiwo inakula mpweya "mlatho".

Tikumbukenso kuti chikhalidwe cha esters mu boma ufulu zimachokeradi. Dimethyl ndi methyl ethyl esters, - mpweya. Yotsatira nthumwi zochepa - madzi, pamene esters apamwamba - zolimba. Iwo kwambiri bwino sungunuka m'madzi, bwino kwambiri mankhwala ndiponso. Avereji oimira (dipropyl, propiletilovy diethyl) - zofunikira solvents organic. thupi katundu wa awa mankhwala organic amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kulemera maselo.

Dimethyl efa Kukonzekera

Limafotokoza zinthu mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, Mowa, diethyl ndi dipropyl efa. Ester Izi analandira chifukwa madzi m'thupi ndi methanol monga chochokera kwa kupanga methanol kwa NKHA ndi H2. Ntchito mu kachitidwe refrigeration monga refrigerant a.

Posacedwapa, injini dizilo adzakhala anasamutsa osati mpweyawu ndipo dimethyl efa. Chotero kukhazikitsanso mtengo awo ndi mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kusintha kwa gasi. Mayiko kutsogolera kupanga injini awa ndi US, Russia ndi Japan.

Mu zaka za m'ma 21, boma la Russia anaganiza ntchito utsi zina mwa zoyendera msewu. Dimethyl efa ntchito magalimoto. Ngati munthu sanasankhe kwakukulu anapangidwa chifukwa chakuti mpweya mankhwala asafe kwa injini dizilo anaika magalimoto, Malire anakhazikitsa kangapo. Dimethyl efa ndi abwino kwa mtundu uwu wa injini, iwo pafupifupi safuna kuti ankamangidwanso. Only pogwiritsa ntchito yatsopano zina mafuta latsopano injini akweza nditapatsidwa Yuro-3 zachilengedwe.

Maboma padziko lonse ali ndi chidaliro kuti mafuta tsogolo injini dizilo ndi dimethyl efa. Lero ndi mankhwala opangidwa makamaka ndi zo gasi. Mu masiteji loyamba ndondomeko labwino kwa kukonzanso gasi, potero kutulutsa kaphatikizidwe mpweya. Kenako, ali n'kukhala mowa methyl. Komanso amenable methanol madzi m'thupi, potero kupeza dimethyl efa. Pali njira ina kwa kaphatikizidwe anati Ester - kutembenuka mwachindunji kaphatikizidwe mpweya kuti methanol.

Esters poyerekeza dizilo ali ubwino wake ndipo, ndithudi, kuipa. Mu Kapangidwe ka tinthu Ester akusowa "kaboni mpweya" muzikondana. Chifukwa okhutira ndithu mpweya lili atomization wabwino ndi jekeseni mpweya m'malo ndi kutentha kwa T kuwira mankhwala apamwamba yokha. makhalidwe amenewa bwino kuyaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito imeneyi mafuta zina amachepetsa phokoso injini, izo kumawonjezera yokhulupirika.

The kuipa waukulu Ester zimenezi zimaphatikizapo m'munsi mtengo calorific ndi osalimba m'munsi. Zonsezi amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu mafuta. nkhani imeneyi ndi osauka kwambiri lubricating katundu.