Education mphunzitsi Kyrgyzstan

ayenera Kodi maphunziro mphunzitsi lero? Kodi malangizo akambe maphunziro mphunzitsi m'zaka 21? Pa mafunso amenewa tili kuyankha bwino ngati tili yaitali kumanga mawonedwe olondola a maphunziro ano pedagogical la Kyrgyzstan.

Modern maphunziro pedagogical chodabwitsa multidimensional monga mlingo sukulu (makalasi pachimake ndi kukondera pedagogical), sekondale mphunzitsi, maphunziro apamwamba mphunzitsi, maphunziro mphunzitsi, kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro ndi maphunziro digirii.

M'nkhani, tiona wina wa zigawo maphunziro mphunzitsi: ndicho, maphunziro mphunzitsi maphunziro sukulu za pulaimale ndi sekondale.

Mu Kyrgyzstan, miyambo maphunziro mphunzitsi chinkhoswe mu makoleji maphunziro mphunzitsi, mabungwe maphunziro mphunzitsi ndi yunivesite.

Mu makoleji maphunziro mphunzitsi, makoleji maphunziro mphunzitsi ndipo tsopano makamaka anagwira pophunzitsa aphunzitsi m'sukulu za pulayimale, mu makoleji ndi mayunivesite, monga ulamuliro, aphunzitsi m'sukulu za pulaimale ndi sekondale. Ndi 80 ntchentche za m'ma XX, ena apamwamba, monga Arabaev KSU dzina lake, Issyk-Kul State University, Osh State University ndipo Yunivesite dera Ndatsegula nthambi kapena luso la pedagogy ndi njira ya maphunziro a pulayimale, yomwe imaphunzitsa aphunzitsi m'sukulu za pulayimale.

Apadera apamwamba bungwe maphunziro basi lolunjika pa aphunzitsi maphunziro, lero mu Kyrgyzstan si. Yokhala, mutu bungwe maphunziro mphunzitsi, ndi inertia, poyamba University Pedagogical dzina lake Ishenaaly Arabaev, tsopano anadzatchedwa ndi Chikigizi State University. Ngakhale Amaphunzitsa ukatswiri zina ndi zina zokhudzana ndi maphunziro mphunzitsi.

M'mbuyomu, panali aphunzitsi ochepa mabungwe apamwamba maphunziro (Przewalski State Pedagogical Institute, Osh State Pedagogical Institute, Akazi a Pedagogical Institute, PIRYAL), zomwe zakonzedwa aphunzitsi okha. Mu mphunzitsi kuphunzitsa mabwalo adzipangira chopereka kwambiri kuti mabungwe ambiri ndi yunivesite ya Russian Federation (Orenburg, Kursk, Michurinsky, Moscow Pedagogical Institute of Moscow State University dzina la MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Voronezh State University, Leningrad State University, ndi ena). Mwachidule, boma tcheru kwambiri pophunzitsa aphunzitsi dongosolo maphunziro. Masiku amenewo, wapadera mphunzitsi kuchepa sanali. Pafupifupi kwathunthu sukulu mabwalo anali n'zochititsatu aphunzitsi. Komanso kunali kovuta kupeza ntchito ku sukulu, chifukwa panalibe mipando wopanda aphunzitsi m'madera ena. Inde, ntchito monga mphunzitsi anali yapamwamba - khola malipiro (osachepera malipiro ambiri dziko), ubwino magetsi, chifukwa zofunikira, zilolezo ntchito, zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi ndi thandizo abwino.

Mu nthawi ya Soviet maphunziro chitukuko mphunzitsi ndi boma, analipira kwambiri chidwi. Ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union pansi mavuto msika ndi ubwenzi msika maphunziro mphunzitsi wasintha kwambiri. Today ku Kyrgyzstan palibe apadera pedagogical maphunziro bungwe. Pamene anali kuphunzitsa makoleji kapena mayunivesite kukhala zinasintha kuti ukatswiri zina zotchuka. Kukhala mphunzitsi sanali yapamwamba. mphunzitsi anayamba kuonedwa kuntchito, kupereka analipira yophunzitsa ntchito. ntchito yake anapeza phindu pamsika. Poyerekeza ndi kudzinenera ena. Mu phunziro mphunzitsi otsika kwambiri. Malinga AJ Danelyuk "mphunzitsi zambiri chonyamulira cha khola, wosasintha mu zaka ndi zaka a chidziwitso, okha kuchuluka kwa madambwe umodzi. chakuti iye amadziwa ndipo akhoza kuchita, amadziwa ndipo akhoza kuchita wophunzira wake. Mtengo wa aphunzitsi nkhani akuchepa kwambiri m'zaka za posachedwapa, m'nyengo ya nkhani, nauchnotehnologicheskoy zisinthe, mofulumira ndi bwino chitukuko cha anthu pa kudziŵa chuma. Kudziŵa anataya ndi wosafunika ndi kukhala njira mosalekeza kusinthidwa kulenga zambiri umisiri watsopano. Izi zikhalidwe umoyo ndi zachuma a dongosolo maphunziro mphunzitsi akupitiriza kukonzekera aphunzitsi nkhani thandizo la chidziwitso chakale, limene wapereka kwa ana kusukulu m'mbuyomu, ndipo m'zaka za zana. Kumene, kudziwa lamulo la Archimedes, malamulo a chinenero cha Chirasha ndi ndakatulo ya AS Pushkin ana amafuna. Koma ngati mphunzitsi amatha kupatsira yekha anakonza miyambo ya buku la mauthenga, choyamba, udindo wake usathe si upambana udindo wa munthu wina aliyense - chotengera cha chidziwitso yemweyo, ndipo kachiwiri, wake ntchito akatswiri adziwonetsa luso zambiri m'malo mwake - pedagogizirovannye zamakono mfundo ndi makompyuta zingathandize munthu mosavuta kuyamwa yambiri mudziwe zinafunika popanda intermediaries "[Danyluk AY Mfundo za wamakono wa maphunziro pedagogical // Pedagogy, nambala 5, 2010. - p. 39]. Koma kwa zaka mphunzitsi anali kwenikweni awathandize bwinobwino wauzimu, wonyamula chikhalidwe, munthu wa khalidwe lalikulu. Ndi chamanyazi kuti mphunzitsi amakhala udindo wantchito udindo utumiki dera; wauzimu, maphunziro chigawo Kulankhulana ndi ana likuchotsedwa.

achinyamata, kupatulapo yosowa sanafune kupita ku sukulu. Kusukulu, amagwira ntchito makamaka aphunzitsi amene anaphunzira kwambiri nthawi Union, ndi inflow aphunzitsi achinyamata ku sukulu zasekondale ndi zonyozeka.

Posakhalitsa ndi mfundo m'mbiri yakale maphunziro mphunzitsi pa anakomoka mofanana kupatula kuti ndi "chinayi kutsinde" Kutha pa njira zake zonse. Kodi pang'ono yatsala yoweyula uyu akutchedwa "perestroika" sadzachitanso akugwira. The kalasi ka anthu omwe kuyambira dongosolo yapita, akuyesetsa kuti musunge chinthu cha mtengo kuti akadali kumanzere.

Dongosolo lakale la maphunziro mphunzitsi, ngakhale ena a ndalama, komabe kukwaniritsa cholinga chake ndipo anachita bwino. Pakali pano, tili ndi dongosolo dilapidated wa maphunziro mphunzitsi, kubwezeretsa kwa amene adzasiya zambiri anthu oti ndi chuma chuma. Koma, koma, ife tiyenera kupita patsogolo, osati kukhala pa masamba a chitukuko. Kupita chitsogolo, tiyenera kusankha koyenera kupita ku maphunziro mphunzitsi, makamaka pophunzitsa aphunzitsi m'sukulu za sekondale.

Chinthu chimodzi ndi zomveka kuti mchikakamizo cha chitukuko njira zili maphunziro mphunzitsi zasintha. Anthu postulates zimachititsa kuti mphunzitsiyo ndiye chotengera cha chikhalidwe, ndi Mlangizi pa Zauzimu za achinyamata, mphunzitsi, anali, ali ndipo adzakhala. Funso ndi mavuto atsopano zimene ndi mmene ano mphunzitsi ayenera aphunzitsidwe? Kodi mitundu yatsopano ntchito pedagogical, iye ayenera kuchidziwa? Kodi chikumbumtima katswiri wa mphunzitsi ano? chinthu chimodzi tikudziwa kuti mphunzitsiyo sakhala patali tsopano "homeroom" m'lingaliro loona mawu. Age zambiri ndiponso kulankhulana matekinoloje kuwonjezera nkhani zawo ndi maganizo, dziko, anthu ubale wa ana moyo. Aphunzitsi tsopano ankamuona ngati katswiri mwaukadaulo ophunzitsidwa m'munda ubale pedagogy anthu. Osanenapo makhalidwe monga maphunziro apamwamba akatswiri zoyendayenda, kuchita mu timu, mokhutiritsa zakukhosi kwawo.

A malo aakulu ndi mlingo wa asanadziwe mfundo ndi kulankhulana matekinoloje zinthu zawo akatswiri. Lero, mfundo ndi kulankhulana matekinoloje akhala mbali ya maphunziro awo oyamba ndi ntchito akatswiri.

Research ochitidwa ndi Center kwa ntchito zamanja Education wa Chikigizi Academy nkhani Education adzaona kuti panopa boma maphunziro malamulo m'madera chiphunzitso Musapereke pophunzitsa aphunzitsi a maphunziro ano chifukwa olaula. Mogwirizana ndi zimene ndodo ya Center ntchito ya CRP latsopano linakonzedwa ndi lathu ndi pedagogical zochokera zanchito.

Vuto la yamtunduwu, yamtunduwu adanyamuka posachedwapa, ndipo chotsatira cha kusintha kwa zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma. The Nzeru zimene anapeza ndi maphunziro msanga zimasintha ndi wokhoza nadpredmetny, iwo anapanga kapena anagula mu njira zosiyanasiyana zochitika kuphunzira. Aliyense ali mlingo wawo wa yamtunduwu. Munthu aliyense zoposa chidziwitso ndi luso. Yamtunduwu mayesero ndi kusonyeza bwino kuchita.

Professional yamtunduwu wa aphunzitsi. Monga tidanena pamwamba, nadpredmetna, ndipo si wophweka Uwerenge kudziwa nkhani. "The limatchula wa yamtunduwu monga mtundu winawake okonzeka akatswiri ndi kuti anagula mu zochitika zenizeni, kuthetsa mavuto akatswiri ngakhale izo zikuchitika mu chimango cha ndondomeko maphunziro. Nature pedagogical ntchito ... salola yamtunduwu kuti motsanzira, mwachitsanzo "Choka" amatanthauza ophunzira kale anazindikira maphunziro. Pedagogical yamtunduwu monga chuma ndi existential ndi mankhwala a kudziona chitukuko cha Mkuluyo m'tsogolo chilengedwe akatswiri, kenako ambuye ndi "[vv Serikov ntchito Nature kuphunzitsa makamaka ntchito mphunzitsi maphunziro // Pedagogy, № 5. - 2010. - p. 34-

Ambiri, chikhalidwe cha yamtunduwu pedagogical wa munthu kuposa Mwachitsanzo, katswiri kapena yamtunduwu dokotala. The yamtunduwu yamasika mwatsatanetsatane bwino. M'mawu ena, pedagogical yamtunduwu ndi chondichitikira, anagula mu maphunziro ku sekondale. Ngati chidziwitso ongolankhula ali chimodzimodzi kwa ophunzira onse, ndi bwino, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, munthuyo. yamtunduwu Pedagogical umboni ndi mayesero ofunda monga mayesero, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayesero m'kamwa ndi olembedwa. Yamtunduwu cheke ':. Mu njira ya kumapeto.

Pophunzitsa miyambo M'pofunikanso kukumbukira, kuti ndikuuzeni, kufotokoza, pamene yamtunduwu kufikako wophunzira ayenera osati chifukwa chake ndi zofunika kuchita, komanso kuchita zimenezi. Yamtunduwu sangakhale mankhwala chiphunzitso chikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo osati ndalama kuchuluka kwa nzeru ndi luso. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ife kusiya sayansi ndi cholinga cha maphunziro, ndi kukana kwa nkhani zophunzira chifukwa cha yake. Kuyenera kukhala kayeseleledwe weniweni wa chilengedwe pedagogical Kufunafuna eni. mtundu winawake wa ntchito yophunzitsa, umene uli m'malo njira za makolo mu yokonza aphunzitsi.

N'chifukwa chake gos watsopano pedagogical mchitidwe lathu chiphunzitso amaperekedwa ndi njira 1 mpaka 4 chaka, ie, ndi mosalekeza, tsiku limodzi pa mlungu, ndipo amatchedwa "School" Tsiku.

Wophunzira wanthawi zonse chili mu sukulu.

N'chifukwa chake gos watsopano lathu pedagogical, chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mchitidwe kuphunzitsa. Kuphunzitsa mchitidwe muli malo anapanga ambiri akatswiri ndi wapadera zanchito. Pa kuchita zimene "matupi" Tikudziwa kuti anthu akhala zopezera nkhani ndi makalasi othandiza.

Pa AGM ndi chitukuko cha madera pedagogical yamtunduwu wa midadada atatu akhala kuzindikiridwa: chilengedwe, komanso chapadera. Woyamba midadada awiri competences Ndipotu Integrated kuti mbiri yonse. competencies wapadera ndigwire yeniyeni aliyense wa mbiri. Mndandanda wa competencies zoperekedwa CRP ndi chenjezo mu chikhalidwe, mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba ali ndi ufulu, zochokera mphamvu mkati, enaake, kuwonjezera amvetse. Ndipo ndondomeko imeneyi adzapitiriza mpaka tafika pa mulingo woyenera chitsanzo chimene chikanati kukwaniritsa anthu.