Robert browning: yonena ndi chithunzi

Robert browning - wotchuka British wolemba ndakatulo Wolemba wina, amene anakhalapo zaka za m'ma XIX. bambo wake ankagwira ntchito ku banki. Ngakhale ana, pang'ono Robert chidwi ndakatulo, ndi chikondi. Iye ankayenda kwambiri, ngakhale kumalo Russia mu 1833.

Achikondi ndakatulo

Robert browning anabadwa mu London mu 1812, pamene pakati anali nkhondo Napoleonic. Ngakhale kuti makolo ndi tcheru kwambiri maphunziro a mwana wake. nkhani maphunziro iye katswiri kunyumba.

Komanso mbali yaikulu kudzikonda kwake maphunziro ndi chitukuko monga munthu anagwira maulendo ambirimbiri. Pambuyo pake anawaitana wathu, ndi Italy ndi onse ankamuona ngati Oxford wake.

Ngati anyamata ambiri a mbadwo wake, mu unyamata wake anakhala ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yaikulu British chibwenzi - Byron, mu ntchito yake anatsatira mfundo zake zachikondi.

Ndime yoyamba

Atate kufuna kuti mwana wake kuchita zinthu zina zothandiza, mwachitsanzo, kutsatira mapazi ake kugwira ntchito m'banki. Koma Robert nalo lingaliro lina. Ngakhale mu m'badwo wa 16, iye anagwira ntchito chikondi cha Shelley ndi Keats. Anavomereza kuti, ndakatulo awo ndipo iye ndakatulo.

Mu ntchito zake oyambirira a Robert browning bwino amatsanzira Byron. Mwachitsanzo, mu ballad "Imfa ya Harold." Chifukwa, anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa ntchito ndakatulo a.

Mu 1831 anasindikiza ndakatulo yake yoyamba, yakuti "Pauline". Makamaka noticeable pantheism Shelley, nthanthi chiphunzitso chimene chimasonyeza dziko ndi Mulungu, ndipo Ambiri Amakonda wake chifukwa cha Agiriki. Kanali koyamba browning anali ofooka kwambiri, koma otsutsa kucitila bwino. кружок, в котором в то время уже состояли Диккенс, Вордсворт и многие другие. ndemanga zawo zabwino ndi ndemanga kuti anatsegula njira kuti iye yapamwamba bwalo British zolembalemba, umene panthawi imeneyo kale inkakhala Dickens, Wordsworth ndi ena ambiri.

Woyendayenda ku Europe

Robert browning amayendera. Mu 1833, ndili ndi zaka 21, anapita ku Russia. Apa iye analemba ndakatulo "Ivan".

Chinthu chotsatira pa ulendo wake wopita ku Italy. Apa iye conceives wake, mwinamwake, zabwino lyric sewero "Pippa chitadutsa," komanso chinthu kwambiri enigmatic ndi zachinsinsi, "Sordello".

Akubwerera kwawo, browning akasankha kuti apereke moyo mu London mokomera mtendere ndi panokha. Mu nkhalango Atamaliza Dulvichskom chachinsinsi sewero "Sordello" ndi masewero ena - "Paracelsus" ndi "Strafford". Latest amasonyeza posachedwa, koma ndi bwino pang'ono.

ukwati browning

37 Choncho weruzani pa ukwati. Mu 1849 anakhala m'banja Robert browning, mbiri yake tsopano kugwirizana ndi wolemba ndakatulo Elisavetoy Barret.

mkazi browning anali wodwalika mtsikana amene bwino kulekerera opweteka British nyengo. Choncho, anasamukira ku malo abwino kwambiri kwa moyo - mu dzuwa Florence. Anakhala kwa zaka 10, nthawi zina kuyendera wake London mbadwa. Koma kuchotsa analephera matenda Elisabeth mu 1861 anamwalira.

Ukwati anali osangalala, Robert browning, ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo wa nthawi ino - chitsimikiziro bwino. Mu ntchito yake ifika mwa maganizo bata ndi mtendere wauzimu. Nthawi zambiri anakhala ndi mkazi wake ku Villa ake Florence, chimene nthawizonse kumafunika abwenzi - olemba ndi umunthu kulenga. Alendo dziwani kuti kunyumba m'mlengalenga anali ladzala ndi ndakatulo mkulu ndi chikondi.

Atamwalira mkazi wake browning ndi mwana wake anabwerera ku London, kumene anapitiriza ntchito yake zolembalemba. Kusindikiza vuto la ndakatulo "The mphete ndi Buku," "Ofotokozedwa".

mwana wake pa yomweyo amabwerera Italy, iye anakakhala ku Venice. Limodzi la kuyendera ndi Apennine chilumba mu 1889, browning anafa. Iye anali ndi zaka 77.

"Abbe Vogler"

Chimodzi mwa ndakatulo wotchuka Roberta Brauninga - "The Abbe Vogler". Mu 1864 linaphatikizidwa magulu "Ofotokozedwa". Ntchito laperekedwa kwa weniweni kanjedza mbiri - ndi abbot, amene anakhala ndi moyo kuyambira 1749 mpaka 1814. Iye anali Kapellmeister pa bwalo la Prussian Mannheim. Iye anadziwika Kutulukira mtundu watsopano wa thupi.

The ndakatulo ndi maganizo zinachitikira abbot pa ntchito a improvisations pa limba. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuoneka City wa Mulungu, koma mwamsanga pamene nyimbo mabasi, fano bwino pomwepo achotsa kwa chikumbukiro cha ngwazi m'nyimbo.

Iye kwambiri anakumana chifukwa cha ichi, ndi kokha pa mapeto a ndakatulo abwera mfundo yakuti kukongola, komanso ulemerero, impermanent. Mwanjira imeneyi ntchito Roberta Brauninga "Abbe Vogler". Ndakatulo umatha ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa munthu kuti Mulungu amamva nyimbo wake wokongola. Ndipo ena achabechabe ndi zachabechabe.

"Pippa akudutsa"

Mndandanda wa ntchito kiyi wa browning limapezeka lyric sewero "Pippa imadutsa." Pakati pa nkhaniyo wantchito wamng'ono, yemwe amakhala ku azolla m'tawuni. zolinga zake zoyera, iye moona mtima amakonda zachilengedwe ndipo anthu. Iye ali wokongola, wamphamvu ndi wosangalala, kudziwa kuti pamaso pa Mulungu nyota za anthu onse pa kufufuza ofanana.

Pa Hava Chaka Chatsopano, iye anali kuyang'anira miyoyo ya nzika anzawo. Ambiri a iwo ali wokondwa, koma iwo sali nsanje Pippa. Iye anali wosalakwa, ndipo malingaliro iye atadzazidwa ndi ufulu kuthengo. Iye anaimba, akuyitanira chikondi ndi chisomo. Imvani nyimbo okonda ake - Sebald ndi Ottima amene anali basi mlandu - Ottimy anapha mwamuna wake. Mchikakamizo cha atsikana amasankha kuti awombole upandu mavuto ndi imfa yake.

Wokongola nyimbo za m'nyimbo akumva wamng'ono wojambula Julius, amene anaganiza zobwerera wokondedwa wake, amene anaponya. Choncho Pippa amapita m'misewu ya mudzi wake, kusintha miyoyo ya anthu amene ankakhala naye. ndakatulo imeneyi ndi chimodzi cha zabwino mu English ndakatulo za m'ma XIX.

"Mphete ndi Book"

Chitsanzo cha mwaluso ndakatulo woona imatengedwa ndakatulo "The mphete ndi Buku." Robert browning ndakatulo yomwe panthawi imeneyo anali wotchuka kwambiri, analemba mabuku ofotokoza za nthano yakale Italy. Limanena za kupha Sitefano Chiwerengero Gvido Francheski Pompilius mkazi wake kuti zimene iye ananena kuti anali atasintha.

Ndakatulo tichipeza 12 mabuku. Aliyense wa iwo - mawu a mmodzi wa zisudzo za masomphenya ake a mmene zinthu zinasintha. Mothandizidwa ndi njira imeneyi pamaso pathu ndi chithunzi mu uthunthu wake. Mu ndakatuloyi, palibe nkhani limodzi ndi ndondomeko okhwima ntchito. Chinthu chachikulu wolemba amamvetsera - ndi chikhalidwe ndi maganizo athu a m'nkhaniyi wake.

Chimodzi mwa yokhudza mtima mabuku ndakatulo - mkazi wa Chiwerengero Pompilius monologue womwe ndi woyera ndi wopanda chilema, koma analimbikitsidwa kutenga nkhonya ya tsoka. Ku ntchito yapita Pippa browning Pompily Chili chiyero zilizonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka yemwe analemba Robert browning. Zilembedwe za izo apobe sizigwirizana pakamwa.

woyera ndakatulo

Mu 1835, browning analemba ndakatulo kwambiri ndime akusowekapo - "Paracelsus". Mu oyamba ntchito, wolemba ikapita anazindikira kuti pamene ntchito pa ndakatulo imeneyi kusiya malamulo chikhalidwe luso kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu kwa mwini anali mkati, maganizo zitsanzo za anthu otchulidwa, osati chitukuko cha zochitika kunja.

Browning anali chidwi kwambiri sayansi, kotero ngwazi ya ndakatulo, iye amasankha chachinsinsi alchemist Paracelsus, amene ankakhala Ages Middle. Mmenemo ndakatulo chikusonyezera kulimbana kwa moyo wa munthu ndi zopinga mkulu amene amayimilira pa njira yake. Apa ife azipereka ndi lachinsinsi kamvekedwe. Makamaka bwino kufotokoza wolemba.

Wina chisoni kwa nthawi yomweyi - "osajambulidwa pa manja." Panthawi imeneyi, browning ngati ziphunzitso za makolo a luso kwambiri. Kwalembedwa kalembedwe masewero chidwi ndipo itha kwathunthu mu mzimu wa Shakespeare - pafupifupi zilembo zonse zimafa. N'zoona browning iwo kudzipha, koma musaphe mzake, monga makamaka amapezeka mavuto Shakespeare.

Wolemba ndakatulo-nzeru zapamwamba

Imodzi mwa alakatuli olemekezeka a m'nthawi yake - Robert browning. Yerekezani lero tikhoza kusunga zedi yaing'ono, zojambula makamaka anasunga ndi zojambula a ndakatulo iyi. Kwa iwo pa ife kale zikuwoneka lakale, koma wokongola mwamuna ndi ndevu, masharubu ndi wofatsa nditaona kumwetulira.

Monga ananenera, zolembalemba, browning - kwambiri nthanthi ndakatulo. Nthawi ankaganiza kuti iye akufuna kuti akapereke kwa wowerenga, kutali zojambulajambula apamwamba. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti ntchito za browning zambiri yosokoneza ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ngakhale mu England panali mtundu wa kachitidwe - kulosera malingaliro ophatikizidwa mu ndakatulo ya browning.

Chitsanzo momveka bwino zotsatira za zinthu kumasulira lotayirira ntchito za ndakatulo - ". Childe Roland" ndakatulo mafani ambiri a ndakatulo iyi molakwika anaona kuti masomphenya atsopano, motsogozedwa ndi chimene ngakhale akufuna kukhazikitsa sukulu osiyana nzeru. Komabe, browning kukhumudwitsa mafani awo, afotokozereni kuti ndakatulo imeneyi inalembedwa mu mtundu wanyimbo wa yopeka, ndipo masiku awiri chabe, palibe chigawo nthanthi ndi mbali izo wolemba sanali.

Mu ntchito zake, browning timasonyeza chikhulupiriro chake kuti kuli moyo wina pambuyo. Pakuti iye, ndi mphoto ya moyo imene anakhala padziko lapansi.

Mu umoyo uno padziko lapansi, panopa ndi mitundu yowala. Chinthu chokha chimene chingakhoze mtambo munthu - chisoni ndi zilakolako lapansi, koma iwo ali chipulumutso. Ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu. Komabe, munthu ndi mfundo browning kuti mukhale mu mbiri ya English mabuku.

Kupambana chachikulu - ndi zinkadulidwa chithunzi cha mkhalidwe wa umunthu ndi mitunda m'nyimbo. Nthawi zambiri zilembo wake - chitsanzo amathandiza choonadi ndi choonadi. Monga Pippa kapena Pompilius.