Kutuzov: chifanizo cha buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Kaperekedwe Kutuzov

Ln Tolstoy anakhutira kuti mbiri sungathe munthu mmodzi, ziribe kanthu momwe kwambiri zinali. Malinga ndi iye, tsogolo la boma, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri linakhalapo wakhala anathana ndi anthu.

Njira imeneyi zimaonekera mu chifanizo cha mtsogoleri, pansi amene utsogoleri wa asilikali Russian anatha kupambana chigonjetso wathunthu pa French mu 1812. Mikhail Kutuzov mu Tolstoy - chitsanzo cha chotengera cha mzimu ndi chifuniro cha anthu wonse. Chifukwa cha talente kupezerapo asilikali, wokonzeka ndi luso kuteteza maganizo awo, maganizo atate ndi asilikali, iye anapambana chikondi ndi ulemu wa asilikali Russian.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Golenischev-Kutuzov Kutuzov, 1745 kubadwa, anali munthu wabwino asilikali kusukulu, amene anatumikira motsogozedwa PA Rumyantsev ndipo Suvorov kukwezedwa wake mofulumira akuyamba ndi Chirasha Turkey nkhondo ya zaka 1864-78.

Kuyambira ndi msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wa Prince Holstein-bek mu 1861, patapita zaka 30, analandira udindo wa onse. Mikhail Kutuzov bwino analandira ku nyumba ya mfumu pansi Catherine II ndi Paulo Ine, Ine mobwerezabwereza mphoto pamwamba pa mtima asilikali.

Anayamba kulamulira , Alexander I mu 1802, atasankhidwa iye kazembe asilikali ndi kusamalira za boma m'madera awiri, koma patapita chaka anachotsedwa. Mugone wankhaza pakati pa Mfumu yatsopano ndi Kutuzov anakhalabe mu malo mpaka imfa yotsirizira mu 1813. Ngakhale, mu 1805, Kutuzov anasankhidwa mkulu wa mmodzi wa makamu Russian, wotumidwa Austria m'chilimwe cha 1812, pa kuumirira kwa amazikonda anthu otchuka - mkulu wa asilikali onse Russian ndi militias.

"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere": malongosoledwe mu buku Kutuzov

Kwa nthawi yoyamba owerenga amaona khalidwe pa review mu Braunau. Against maziko a ambiri Austria, atavala yunifolomu woyera, Kutuzov, izo clumps ndipo ankaoneka kuti zindikirani kuziluka kutsogolo kwa iye Regiment anali ngati si mkulu, ndi anthu wamba.

wolemba limatsindika mobwerezabwereza kumwetulira, amalowetsa pa wosawoneka nkhope bala lake, pamene iye ankayankhula kwa asilikali. Izi ndi khalidwe loyamba Kutuzov.

"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" zikuphatikizapo zithunzi zingapo compositionally zofunika, ndi wosewera mtsogoleri ndi ndani, ndipo ndi zonse zachilengedwe. Nkhope yake enlivened kumwetulira wachikondi, ndiye kutonza. Sanazengereze pa akutsikira molimba pa kavalo kapena akuyamba doze kuchokera pa akulu a asilikali. Osati kubisala ankaona aliyense, akhoza misozi m'maso kapena kusonyeza kutopa. Ngakhale nkhuku nthawi nkhomaliro kudya ngati ndi khama. Pankhaniyi, izo zikuwoneka anzeru, bata ndi udindo kwa dziko ndi anthu onse pa buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Anagwiranso Kutuzov - mmodzi wa mfundo zofunika kwambiri amene angatithandize kupanga chifaniziro uyu. "Tsoka dziko lapansi, limene atumiki, mabwana ndi makhoti, osati malamulo nzika ndi ntchito!" - ichi ndi mawu ena amatithandiza kudziwa maganizo ake mkati ndi kufotokoza zinthu zina.

Review mu Braunau

Cholinga chachikulu anathamangitsa wamkulu, kukonza anayendera, - posonyeza mmene asilikali Russian si angathe pa nthawi imeneyi kuti agwirizane nkhondo.

Mu chochitika ichi, sindingakhoze kupita padera maganizo Kutuzov kwa asilikali. Iye tcheru pa zovala zawo, makamaka nsapato, ndipo, kugwedeza mutu wake, likuonetsera poyera kuti ambiri Austria, momwe zonse zoipa. Ndi mwapadera Kutuzov kuti asilikali amene ankadziwa kampeni Turkey, ndi Timohin akulankhula ndi dzina ndipo anati olimba mtima wake pa adani a Isimaeli. Osati mkulu wa asilikali, ndiponso bwana tcheru - ndi abwino pa review ndi Kutuzov.

Chithunzichi buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" wa mkulu mu mankhwala zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono. Chotero ife tikumuwona iye pankhondo ya Borodino kapena pakutchulidwa wa Smolensk.

nkhondo ya Austerlitz

Yotsatira yanthaŵi zofunika kwa kamvedwe ka chikhalidwe cha ngwazi za - bungwe la nkhondo, zimene zinabweretsa pamodzi akazembe onse kupatula Bagration. Bwerani Kutuzov, amene poyamba maonekedwe ake lonse anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi zomwe zikuchitika, ndiyeno chabe anagona. Izi si zophweka kusasamala ndiponso irresponsibility. Nkhondo silingayende bwino, ndipo palibe "namatetule" mapulani sikungakuthandizeni - uyu anali wotsimikiza mwamtheradi yemwe wakhala mkulu Kutuzov fano mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" amene nthawi zonse nkhani ya ulemu ndi kukopa chidwi.

Iye sakunena kukangana ndi mfumu. Alexander ndinafika m'mawa pa malo tsogolo la nkhondo, chikhulupiriro mu chigonjetso adzaimira. Iye ankawoneka akhoza pochitika padziko lonse ndipo yekha Kutuzov mtima wabwerera ku mavuto ndi kuzindikira kuti imfa ya asilikali ambiri adzakhala tanthauzo. Unkayenera kuti chifuniro cha mwayekha, iye akupereka dongosolo kuti aukire. Ndipo zimene zinachitika - mosalongosoka mthunzi, zimene sakanatha anaima, - sanakhumudwe ngakhale wokonzeka kugonjetsa ambiri.

Nkhondo ya Borodino

Pa nkhondo kwa mtsogoleri wa dziko mkulu wa Russian gulu lonse lankhondo Kutuzov ndi, fano mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" lomwe mu nkhani iyi si kokwanira zogwirizana ndi mfundo bwanji kukhala mtsogoleri weniweni asilikali. Zikuoneka kuti zikungowoneka ndipo amachita kanthu aakulu. Ndipotu si. wolemba anafotokoza maganizo ake kuti khalidwe la Mihaila Illarionovicha mwa zonena zake Andrey Bolkonsky. Ndicho chimene kalonga akuganiza madzulo a nkhondo: "Iye [Kutuzov] sanabwere ndi chirichonse, musatenge chirichonse, koma iye adzamvera, kukumbukira zonse, kuika chirichonse mu malo ake, kanthu kothandiza siyingawapweteke ndipo sanalole zoipa. Iye anazindikira kuti pali chinachake chachikulu chifuniro chake ... "Chinachake chinali makhalidwe a asilikali amene asankha zotsatira za nkhondo. Ndithudi, mtendere wa mumtima Kutuzov yomweyo kunditumiza ku alonda ndi asilikali. Chifukwa chomveka mawonedwe kuti mu nkhondo ya Borodino asilikali Russian anapambana chigonjetso abwino pa French, zomwe zinali zokwanira anaganiza zotsatira za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Council mu Fili

Kuti tithe kumvetsa khalidwe la Kutuzov anayamba madzulo pambuyo nkhondo ya Borodino. Council mu Fili kukuonetsedwa mwa maso a msungwana wamng'ono amene sanathe kumvetsa zimene zinali m'nyumba. Koma nthawi yomweyo anaona Mihaila Illarionovicha, amene anamsemera dzina agogo. Iye ankafuna zoipa kuti mkangano ndi Bennigsen ake zosasangalatsa iye analakika.

Funso kuthetsa lalikulu: kupereka nkhondo kuti Napoleon kapena kusiya Moscow. Ambiri ankhondo anasonkhana anamvetsa kuti nkhondo ankaphunzira za lonse Russian asilikali mosalephera imfa, koma Kutuzov analimba mtima kukumanizana Bennigsen ndi kutenga udindo chigamulo yokha: "... Ine ndiri ... mphamvu, anandipatsa mfumu ndi dziko lawo, I - I kuyitanitsa abwerere. " Iye, moona Russian munthu panjira anali "wopatulika wakale likulu la Moscow", koma pamene kupulumutsa asilikali lonse ndi dziko, iye ankaona kuti nsembe iyi wolungama.

Kutuzov malo mwa mabungwe ena mbiri buku

Yadzaoneni buku - ndi zikuluzikulu chifanizo cha moyo Russian pa nthawi yaitali. Nkhani ya mabanja atatu wolemekezeka mfulu, ulamuliro wa Alexander Ine , ndipo amadziwika kuti kusintha zonse Speransky, Russia nawo nkhondo yolimbana Napoleon ku Eastern Europe ndi kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 chaka - zochitika izi amatiuza ntchito yake Tolstoy. "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - moona imodzi mwa ntchito zopambana mu Russian ndi dziko chikhalidwe.

Koma a manambalawo yakale yekha Kutuzov nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse amatichititsa chisoni ndi chiyanjo cha wolemba. Imeneyi si ngozi. Ngati Alexander Ine, Napoleon ndi asilikali ena akuganiza Choyamba za ulemerero ndi mphamvu, Mikhail Kutuzov mu malo oyamba amaponya wabwino wa Mama. Pambuyo bungwe pa Fili ndinaganiza mazunzo iye molimba: "Pamene ... anaganiza kuti kumanzere Moscow" ndi kuthetsa vutoli, iye anali okonzekera chilichonse. Pakuti Tolstoy, mkulu anakhala munthu wa mzimu wa anthu chitsanzo cha patriot woona.

Imfa ya Kutuzov

Pambuyo athamangitsidwe wa asilikali French ku Russia kufunika kwa mkulu ngati mkulu, kodi Kutuzov, malinga Tolstoy, wasoŵa. Tsopano, asilikali, motsogozedwa ndi chigonjetso chake, kungachititse mkulu wina. A "woimira anthu Russian" pa nthawi imene Russia wafika "mlingo wapamwamba ulemerero wake", "chochita. Nthumwi za Nkhondo Anthu anali kanthu katsalira koma imfa. "

Koma Kutuzov - chifanizo cha buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" anakumbukira muyaya - anakhalabe mu mbiri Russian, mtsogoleri wamkulu wankhondo, amene anapambana zikomo kwa nzeru zake ndi zinachitikira, nzeru ndi luntha ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, chikondi malire kwa Mama ndi chikhulupiriro mu makhalidwe a anthu kuti akope chachikulu cha kupambana mu mbiri ya anthu.