Wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky: yonena. Ndakatulo, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich anabadwa mu 1866 ku St. Petersburg. bambo wake ankagwira ntchito ngati nduna yaing'ono yachifumu. Wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky ndi zaka 13 anayamba kulemba ndakatulo. Patapita zaka ziwiri, monga sukulu, iye anapita ndi bambo ake F. M. Dostoevskogo. Wolemba atapeza ndakatulo ofooka, ikuphukira wolemba ananena kuti kulemba bwino, muyenera kumva zowawa. Pa nthawi yomweyo Merezhkovsky wotchedwa Dmitry Sergeyevich anakumana ndi Nadson. Poyamba, atengera iye ndakatulo wake, ndipo mu kudzera kaye analowa milieu zolembalemba.

Maonekedwe a chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo

Mu 1888 anafalitsa m'chigawo choyamba wa Merezhkovsky, wotchedwa chabe - "ndakatulo". Wolemba ndakatulo pano ndi mwana Nadson. Komabe, monga taonera ndi Vyacheslav Bryusov, wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky yomweyo amatha kutenga amamveka palokha, kuyambira kulankhula za chimwemwe ndi mphamvu, mosiyana ndi ndakatulo zina, akunena kuti ndi wophunzira wa Nadson, amene "whined" pa kufooka kwawo ndi timelessness.

Maphunziro apamwamba, amakopeka positivism nzeru

Wotchedwa Dmitry kuyambira 1884 kusukulu St. Petersburg ndi Moscow mayunivesite, History ndi Philology. Panthawi imeneyi Merezhkovsky anachita chidwi mu nzeru ya positivism, ndipo anayamba kucheza ndi antchito awa, "Kumpoto Herald", monga G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, anayamba kumvetsa mavuto populist malo akukumana anthu. Kumulakalaka Komabe, anali nthaŵi yochepa. Ubwenzi ndi ndakatulo ya Vladimir Soloviev ndi Symbolists European kwambiri anasintha maganizo a ndakatulo iyi. Wotchedwa Dmitry akukana "kwambiri chuma" ndipo amapita ndi ophiphiritsa a.

Kukwatiwa ndi Z. Gippius

Wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky, monga ananenera zosiyana, anali munthu Otetezedwa kwambiri, salola mu dziko lawo la anthu ena. Lapadera anali 1889 izo. Izo zinali ndiye Merezhkovsky m'banja. bwenzi lake - ndi poetess Zinaida Gippius. Wolemba ndakatulo nakakhala naye mu '52 ndi sanadzisiyira kwa tsiku. Izi kulenga ndi wauzimu mgwirizano wa mkazi wake zafotokozedwa m'buku yosatha yakuti "wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky". Zinaida anali "jenereta" maganizo, ndipo wotchedwa Dmitry amakonzekera ndipo anayamba iwo mu ntchito yake.

Travel, kumasulira ndi kuphunzira ophiphiritsa

Mu 1880s mochedwa ndipo 1890s. Iwo anayenda kwambiri kuti m'mayiko osiyanasiyana mu Europe. Wotchedwa Dmitry limasuliridwe kuchokera ku Chilatini wakale tsoka Greek, ndi zinthu monga wotsutsa wina, lofalitsidwa m'mabuku monga "Ntchito", "Review Russian", "Kumpoto Herald".

Merezhkovsky mu 1892, anakamba nkhani imene anapereka phunziro loyamba ophiphiritsa. Wolemba ndakatulo ananena kuti Impressionism, chilankhulidwe cha zizindikiro ndi "okhutira lachinsinsi" imafika "luso sensibility" mabuku Russian. Collection "Zizindikiro" anaonekera atatsala pang'ono mawu. Iye anapereka dzina la azimuth latsopano ndakatulo.

"Ndakatulo Chatsopano"

"Ndakatulo Chatsopano" - Buku lachitatu anatuluka mu 1896. Merezhkovsky kaonedwe anasintha 1899. Wake unayamba kuti chidwi Christianity, zokhudza mpingo wa katolika. M'nkhani "Merezhkovsky" G. Adamovich akukumbukira kuti kucheza ndi wotchedwa Dmitry anali chamoyo, posapita nthawi iye anazimitsa ndi mutu womwewo - kufunika ndi tanthauzo la Uthenga.

yachikhristu-nthanthi

Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo mkazi mu chaka cha 1901 akufuna lingaliro la kulenga gulu lapadera la anthu nzeru ndi chipembedzo kukambirana ndi chikhalidwe mpingo. Choncho panali achipembedzo komanso cha nzeru za msonkhano, wotchuka m'zaka za m'ma lomaliza. Nkhani yaikulu inali mfundo zawo kuti okha maziko chipembedzo idzakwaniritsidwa chitsitsimutso cha Russia. Mpaka misonkhano imeneyi chinachitika mpaka 1903, ndi chilolezo cha kp Pobedonostsev, Bwanamkubwa wa Synod. Iwo anatenga mbali mwa iwo ndi atsogoleri. Ngakhale anali osavomerezeka Chikhristu "Testament Chachitatu", chilakolako pa siteji yovuta chitukuko cha dziko lathu kulenga latsopano achipembedzo zinaonekeratu ndi pafupi m'nthawi.

Ntchito pa prose mbiri

Wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky, amene yonena ndife chidwi, ntchito kwambiri pa prose mbiri. Adalenga, mwachitsanzo, trilogy la "Khristu ndi okana Khristu", mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe ndi kulimbana kwa mfundo ziwiri - wachikhristu achikunja, ndi kunena kwa Chikhristu latsopano "kumwamba lapansi" ndi "dziko lapansi ali kumwamba."

Mu 1896, panali ntchito ya "Imfa ya milungu." - buku loyamba trilogy lapansi. Gawo lachiwiri linasindikizidwa mu 1901 ( "Akufa Gods. Leonardo da Vinci"). Final buku lotchedwa "Wotsutsakhristu. Peter ndi Alex," anabadwa mu 1905.

"Collection a ndakatulo"

m'chigawo chachinayi "Collection a ndakatulo" linatuluka mu 1909. Latsopano ndakatulo mmenemo anali ochepa, choncho m'bukuli kani anthology. Komabe, kusankha enieni ntchito yotentha ndi Merezhkovsky, anapereka chopereka cha makono ndi zachilendo. Amaphatikiza amangogwira ntchito imene amasonkhana maganizo kusintha kwa wolemba. Kuthi latsopano tanthauzo akale ndakatulo.

Merezhkovsky mwa ndakatulo chi anali mwadzidzidzi patulani. Iye ankakhoza bwino kuti m'kukoma ntchito yake wonse maganizo, pamene Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, K. Balmont, ngakhale wokhudza "moto" anthu, analankhula makamaka za iye mwini, za mtima wake kwa iwo. Ndipo wotchedwa Dmitry ngakhale akhulupirika kwambiri maganizo konsekonse, chiyembekezo ndi mavuto.

ntchito watsopano

Merezhkovskys mu March 1906 anasamukira ku Paris ndipo tinakhala kumeneko mpaka m'ma 1908. Mogwirizana ndi D. Filosofov ndi Z. Gippius Merezhkovsky mu 1907 anafalitsa buku lakuti "Le Tsar neri La utasintha". Iye anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa trilogy kuti, "Ufumu wa Chirombo" potengera mbiri ya Russia mu 18 mochedwa - oyambirira 19 zaka. Wotchedwa Dmitry mbali yoyamba ya trilogy (mu 1908) anali kuimbidwa mlandu. Mu 1913 panali gawo lachiwiri la izo ( "Alexander Ine"). Otsiriza buku - "14 December" - lofalitsidwa mu 1918, wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Odwala Russia" - buku limene anaonekera mu 1910. Iwo wapangidwa ndi nkhani zakale ndi zachipembedzo zomwe zinatuluka mu 1908 ndi 1909. mu nyuzipepala "Kulankhula".

Buku la mgwirizano Wolff operekedwa nthawi kuchokera 1911 mpaka 1913. 17 buku mndandanda wa ntchito zake, ndipo Sytin mu 1914 anapereka zinayi buku. M'zinenero zambiri Merezhkovski prose yatembenuzidwa, izo anali wotchuka kwambiri mu Europe. Mu Russia, ntchito wotchedwa Dmitry Sergeyevich anali pansi kufufuza okhwima - wolemba anatsutsa Mpingo lovomerezeka ndi autocracy.

ubale Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys mu 1917 anali kukhalabe mu Russia. Wolemba ndakatulo wa dziko madzulo kusintha chinaoneka mu chifanizo ya "kudza kwa Hamu." Patapita kanthawi, atangokhala moyo zaka ziwiri mu Soviet Russia, iye udakhazikika mwa maganizo ake kuti Bolshevism - matenda makhalidwe abwino, amene ndi zotsatira za vuto la Culture European. Merezhkovskys ankaganiza kuti boma ili idzapasuka, koma pambuyo kuphunzira za kugonjetsedwa kwa Denikin kum'mwera ndi Kolchak ku Siberia, anaganiza zochoka Petrograd.

Wotchedwa Dmitry kumapeto kwa 1919 anapambana bwino kuwerenga nkhani zake m'madera a Red Army. Mu January 1920, iye ndi mkazi wake anasamukira kudera, amene anali kulamulidwa ndi Poland. Ndakatulo lectured mu Minsk kwa kwawo Russian. Merezhkovskys mu February anasamukira ku Warsaw. Apa iwo zimayesetsa zandale. Pamene Poland zinasaina pangano mtendere ndi Russia, ndipo mkazi wake anali kukhulupirira kuti "Russian malonda" m'dziko mathero, iwo anapita ku Paris. Merezhkovskys anakakhala nyumba za thupi kuyambira nthawi chisanadze chosintha. Apa iwo anakhazikitsa anzanu akale ndi kukhazikika ojambula latsopano ndi emigres Russian.

Emigration, maziko "Green Nyali"

Wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky anali wofunitsitsa kuganizira emigration monga mtundu wina wa messianism. Iye kudzitcha wauzimu "Dalaivala" amene anali kunja anzeru. Merezhkovskys bungwe anthu achipembedzo ndi akatswiri mabuku 1927 "Green kuwala". Pulezidenti wake anali Bambo Ivanov. "Green kuwala" ali ulinso mu moyo aluntha a yoweyula loyamba emigration, ndi ogwirizana oimira yabwino ya nzeru Russian yachilendo. Pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, kampani wasiya msonkhano (mu 1939).

Merezhkovskys mu 1927, anakhazikitsa "New Kuchita" - magazini inatenga chaka chimodzi chokha. Iwo nawo msonkhano woyamba wa olemba-kwawo ku Russia, unachitikira mu September 1928 ku Belgrade (analinganiza boma Yugoslavia). Merezhkovsky mu 1931 anali mmodzi mwa khama kuti Nobel Prize, koma anali Ivan Bunin.

Support kwa Hitler

Merezhkovskys ankadana pa TV Russian. Kudana anali kukuchitika chifukwa akuchirikizadi Hitler, amene anaiona ulamuliro zovomerezeka kuposa Stalin boma. Merezhkovsky mu m'ma 1930 anakhala chidwi fascism, ngakhale anakumana ndi mtsogoleri wake - Mussolini. Iye anawona Hitler monga mpulumutsi wa chikominisi Russian, ngati "makhalidwe matenda". Pambuyo Germany anaukira USSR, wotchedwa Dmitry anapanga wailesi German. Iye anati "Bolshevism ndi Anthu", limene poyerekeza Hitler ndi Joan waku Arc. Merezhkovsky ananena kuti mtsogoleri akhoza kupulumutsa anthu ku chikominisi zoipa. Zotsatirazi nkhaniyi, onse anachoka kwa akazi awo.

imfa Merezhkovski

masiku 10 ntchito ya Paris ndi dziko la Germany mu June 1940, Zinaida Gippius ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky anasamukira ku Biarritz kum'mwera kwa France. December 9, 1941 wotchedwa Dmitry anafa Paris.

A ndakatulo Merezhkovsky

Ife mwachidule za zimene ndakatulo zopereka analenga wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky. mabuku amenewa, ofunika mwatsatanetsatane pa iwo kusiya. Aliyense mwa zigawo 4 a ndakatulo khalidwe kwambiri.

"Ndakatulo" (1888) - buku limene ngakhale akutumikira monga kuphunzira Nadson wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Zilembedwe za izo, kuchilingalira zotsatirazi:

"Usayese khamu! Zigaŵenga ndi wokwiya

Mnyozo kuti aipitse zisoni zawo ndi zosowa. "

Izi ndi mzere ku imodzi mwa ndakatulo kwambiri khalidwe m'buku lino. Komabe, kuyambira pachiyambi, wotchedwa Dmitry anatha kutenga amamveka palokha. Monga taonera, iye analankhula za mphamvu ndi chimwemwe. ndakatulo wake ndi kumusangalatsa, losafuna Komabe, ndipo amakhala kucheza Nadson anaopa kwambiri apamwamba, ngakhale ntchito mu amati yosiyaniranapo, nthawi zina kwambiri. Merezhkovsky watsata apamwamba kuti sonority, ndi kuwala kwa iye kugwetsera chete, colorless nkhungu, limene inazingidwa moyo wa anthu Russian mu 1880s ndi.

"Chizindikiro" - Buku lachiwiri la ndakatulo, wolembedwa mu 1892. Ndi chidwi pa ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ndi. Apa tsoka wakale ndi Pushkin, Baudelaire ndi Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky ndi Roma, mzinda wa ndakatulo ndi matsoka a tsiku ndi tsiku. Onse amene anadzazidwa mabuku onse, maganizo onse adzatenga zaka 10-15, anali inakonzedwa mu chopereka. "Zizindikiro" - buku premonitions. Wotchedwa Dmitry anaoneratu kuukira wina, zambiri chakuya nyengo. Iye anapereka maonekedwe Titanic chochitika chimene chimachitika momuzungulira ( "Bwerani, aneneri watsopano!").

"Ndakatulo Chatsopano" - Kutolere chachitatu cha ndakatulo, wolembedwa mu 1896. Iye kuchepera kwambiri akukhudza zachilengedwe a moyo kuposa m'mbuyomu chimodzi, koma zambiri akuthwa. Apa wonyalanyaza "chizindikiro" wakhala nkhawa zonse komanso kwambiri lyricism mu ndakatulo zapita Kudziwa. Merezhkovsky akunena kuti ndi "chizindikiro" mtumiki "anasiya milungu." Koma pa nthawi ya "ndakatulo Chatsopano" iye amasiya milungu imeneyi, analankhula za anzake ndipo kuti: "mtima wathu wa kulankhula ...."

"Collection a ndakatulo" - otsiriza, m'chigawo chachinayi (1909). Pali zingapo ndakatulo watsopano, kotero bukhu, monga taonera, ndi kani anthology. Merezhkovsky izo Chikristu. Iye anavomereza kwambiri Chimaona tsamba "molimba mtima" ndi wopanda umulungu guwa "chikhalidwe dziko". Komabe, mu Chikhristu, iye ankafuna kuti adziwe osati chitonthozo, komanso chida. ndi ndakatulo zonse m'buku lino zinapatsira ndi chilakolako cha chikhulupiriro.