Ivan Shmelev: yonena, chithunzi ndi zilandiridwenso

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich - wotchuka Russian wolemba. Mu ntchito yake, anafotokoza kuti moyo wa Boma zosiyanasiyana za anthu, koma makamaka wachifundo, anasonyeza kuti moyo wa "mwamuna wamng'ono." Photo Ivana Shmeleva ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Origin Shmelev

Ivan Sergeyevich anabadwa September 21, 1873. Iye anali mtundu wa amalonda Zamoskvoretskaya. Komabe, malonda mu chidwi pang'ono bambo ake. Bukuli osambira ambiri ndi amisiri amandimvera. Shmelev banja Old Okhulupirira, momwe izo zinali ngati, demokalase. Old Okhulupirira, monga eni, ndipo ogwira ntchito wamba moyo dera logwirizana. Iwo ayenera kutsatira malamulo wamkulu mwauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino. Ivan Shmelev anakulira chikhalidwe cha ambiri mogwirizana ndi ubwanawe. Iye anatenga zabwino zonse mu ubale wa anthu. Kwa zaka zitsanzo zimenezi ubwana anali akamagwiritsa ntchito zake.

Ankadziwa zapamwamba za

Home Education Ivan Sergeyevich anali pachibwenzi makamaka mayi. Zinali iye amene anaphunzitsa mwana wake kuwerenga kwambiri. Choncho Ivan ubwana ankadziwa bwino ntchito ya olemba monga Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev, ndi ena. Kuphunzira inatenga moyo wake wonse. Kenako iye anaphunzira pa zolimbitsa thupi Ivan Shmelev. yonena ake zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha kuzama kwa nzeru zolembalemba. Ivan Sergeyevich anasangalala kuwerenga buku Leskov, Korolenko, Uspensky, Melnikov Pechenskogo. Tinganene kuti iwo anali mafano ake zolembalemba. Ndithudi, izi sanaleke zotsatira za mapangidwe wolemba tsogolo la Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mtsogolo ntchito Shmelev: ". Chinsinsi cha Pushkin" "Wamuyaya labwino", "Chuma cha msonkhano"

zolembalemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu

Ivan Shmelev, amene yonena ndife chidwi, anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu monga wolemba mu 1895. Mu magazini "Russian Review" linasindikizidwa nkhani yake ndi "Mill". Ntchito imeneyi amatanthauza mapangidwe umunthu wa njira munthu kukhala kulenga ndi kugonjetsa zovuta za moyo, kumvetsa tsoka ndi khalidwe la anthu wamba.

Buku, anabweretsa kukhumudwa

Pambuyo pa ukwati wake ndi mkazi uja kwa chilumba cha Valaam, kumene amonke wakale ndi hermitages, Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich.

Wambiri ya olemba zambiri zimaonekera mwa ntchito zawo, ndi Shmelev - yotero. Chifukwa cha ulendo uno anali buku "Pa miyala ya Balamu ...". kufalitsidwa anabweretsa budding wolemba zokhumudwitsa zambiri. chakuti Pobedonostsev oberprokuror Holy Synod, kudzera amene m'bukuli kuonedwa, zopezeka mu mankhwala oukira nkhani. Shmelev kenako akukakamizidwa kudula lemba, kusintha ntchito azilephera chilengedwe chake cha wolemba zest. Izi kusangalala Ivan Sergeyevich. Iye anaona kuti ntchito zolembalemba - osati njira yake. Pambuyo kuti Ivan Sergeyevich adalemba zaka 10. Komabe, iye ankayenera kuti mwanjira ina kusamalira banja lake. Choncho ndinaganiza kupeza watsopano ndalama Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich. Wambiri ya zaka zina za moyo wake adzakhala limodzi ndi mabuku. Koma pamene iye anaganiza zoti achite ndi chinachake.

Ivan Shmelev kukhala loya

Ivan Sergeyevich anaganiza kulowa Moscow University kuti apeze ntchito malamulo. Zambiri zasintha kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - chilengedwe wolemba. sukulu uyu anali ndi gulu la mbadwo watsopano wa luntha. Ivan Sergeyevich analankhula ndi anthu ophunzira wanzeru kuti akatidzadza ndi kukhala umunthu wake ndi zilandiridwenso. Iye maphunziro University mu chaka cha 1898. Ivan Shmelev nthawi zina anatumikira mu Moscow, ndi wothandizira loya (otsika udindo). Iye anasamukira ku Vladimir. Apa Ivan Sergeyevich anayamba kugwira msonkho Woyang'anira. Ngakhale ntchito imeneyi Shmelev chizolowezi, ngati munthu kulenga, ndinali kupeza ubwino wake. Iye adayandikira zinamuchitikira ndipo zidindo pa maulendo ambiri ndi chigawo, kukaona alendo ambiri. Pang'onopang'ono anapeza mfundo mabuku m'tsogolo.

Tikaonanso ntchito mabuku

Shmelev mu 1905 anaganiza zobwerera ku kulemba. M'magazini ya "Russian lingaliro" ndi "Kuwerenga Ana" anayamba kuoneka ntchito zake. Iwo anali wamng'ono, wamanyazi zitsanzo, mayeso a Shmelev yekha kwa munda olemba. Kukayika potsiriza mbisoweka. Ivan Sergeyevich potsiriza anatsimikizira mu chisankho anapanga. Iye anaganiza kusiya utumiki. Ivan Shmelev anafika ku likulu. Mu 1907 anayamba gawo latsopano ntchito yake zolembalemba.

Ndiye ndi zinachitikira zothandiza amalankhulira anthu inakhala paulendo wake m'chigawo Vladimir. Wolemba Ivan Shmelev ankadziwa kuti mphamvu ina yatsopano akamayamba pakati pa anthu, pali Zionetsero maganizo, pali kufunitsitsa kusintha, kuphatikizapo kupyolera zisinthe. Mu prose ka Ivan Sergeyevich anasonyeza kuzipenya onsewa.

"Azingokhala"

Mu 1906 zinaoneka buku lake lotchedwa "azingokhala". Limafotokoza mbiri ubale pakati pa bambo ndi mwana wake. Atate safuna kusintha, iye anazolowera kuchita chilichonse njira yakale achikale. Ndi mwini fakitale njerwa. mwana wake, Komano, wofunitsitsa kusintha. wosefukira wake ndi malingaliro atsopano. Choncho pali kutsutsana mibadwo m'banja chomwecho. Kuti imfa ndi kuti, ndi wina zinthu ngwazi patsogolo. Mavuto amangogwa mapeto Komabe, sauzira mtima woipa ndi maganizo a chiyembekezo.

"Munthu odyera"

"Munthu odyera," - nkhani yotsatira Shmelev. Amangonena kuti wakuti wolemba. Nkhani anaonekera mu 1910. Komanso anakhudza mutu wa makolo ndi ana. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi chochitika chikuchitika motsutsa likhale mafunde anthu maganizo chosintha. Cholinga cha Ivan Sergeyevich Komabe, si mavuto ndi ubale wa anthu, kusankha vuto moyo.

"Moyo zolowa"

Shmelev ndi mkazi wake pambuyo chiyambi cha First World nkhondo anasamukira Kaluga malo. Nthawi imeneyi, anapeza latsopano okha. Likukhalira, osati mwathupi mutilates munthu wankhondo, komanso m'makhalidwe. The ngwazi chatsopano Shmelev nkhani "Moyo zolowa" - kalipentala. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, ntchito yake bwino kwambiri chifukwa malamulo kwa mitanda ndi mabokosi. The kuchuluka kwa ndalama poyamba zinkandisangalatsa mwini, koma patapita nthawi iye anazindikira kuti ankalandira pa chisoni anthu kudzera sizibweretsa chimwemwe.

Kuwombera mwana

Kutsogolo posachedwa anapita Sergei Shmelev, mwana wa Ivan Sergeyevich. Iye anatumikira mu Alushta commandant asilikali Wrangel a. inawo kale anathawa pamene Red Army anatenga Alushta. Kotero ine analandidwa Sergei Shmelev. Atate amazikhulupirira mwachabe ndayesera kuti ndizichita chirichonse kupulumutsa mwana wake. Sergei Shmelev anawomberedwa. Zinali zopweteka katundu makolo ake.

emigration

Ivan Sergeyevich, popeza anakumana njala mu 1921, anasankha kusamuka. Choyamba, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake, anapita ku Berlin (1922) kenako pa kuyitana kwa Bunin anapita ku Paris (1923). Apa iye anakhala mpaka imfa yake. Zaka za ukapolo - siteji zatsopano mu moyo wa Shmelev, komanso mu ntchito yake.

"The Sun kwa Akufa"

"The Sun a Akufa", wotchuka epic buku linalembedwa pa nthawi ino. Ntchito imeneyi linamasuliridwa mu English, German, French ndi zinenero zina. Buku Shmelev ndi dalitso lenileni osati zoweta komanso mabuku dziko. Mu ntchito ya Ivan Sergeyevich anali kufuna bwinobwino pa akamanena za tsoka amene anachitika anthu Russian.

"Chilimwe cha Ambuye" (Ivan Shmelev)

Ntchito ndi Ivan Sergeyevich zinalengedwa mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko lathu. Chidwi anachita zinali maziko a Romana wake lotsatira Shmeleva mu Russia zaposachedwapa - "Chilimwe la Ambuye". Wolemba, kujambula zithunzi za maholide Orthodox, limasonyeza moyo wa anthu Russian. Polankhula m'badwo ana, Ivan Sergeyevich analanda zonena za okhulupirira dziko mwana amene trustingly analandira mtima wake wa Mulungu. Malonda ndi m'mphawi milieu m'buku limeneli si "mdima ufumu" ndi organic ndi kwathunthu m'dzikoli chikhalidwe mkati, thanzi abwino, anthu ndi chikondi. Shmelev kutali chimatsogoleredwa kapena chikondi stylization. Iye chikusonyezera njira yoona ya moyo, osati glossing pa nkhanza akhakula mbali chake "Masautso" ake. Pakuti moyo wangwiro wa mwana amene anatsegula makamaka mosangalala, mbali yake yowala. Kuli anthu a m'nkhaniyi kumagwirizana ndi mapemphero ndi mpingo moyo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mabuku Russian ndi mtima wonse kwambiri kulengedwanso anali wosanjikiza n'kofunika kwambiri dziko - mpingo ndi achipembedzo. pemphero limati zilembo, anakumana nazo maganizo amatsegula moyo wauzimu wa Mkhristu.

"Wantchito ku Moscow"

Mu buku la, Ivan Sergeyevich, "namwino ku Moscow," anati tsoka la mkazi yosavuta, amene kunapezeka kuti chifuniro cha zochitika mu Paris. Wolemba nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito wachifundo ofeŵa ndi lomveka Izitu n'zovutitsa kuwala. Owerenga nthawi yomweyo kumva kwa wolemba zimene zikuchitika ululu ndi chisoni chachikulu. Chidutswa kwalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a nthano za, ndiwotani Shmelev. Tikumbukenso kuti wolemba tachikwaniritsa ulemerero. Wantchito Darya Stepanovna khalidwe mtendere wa mumtima, chikhulupiriro chozama thanzi lauzimu ndi mtima kwabasi. Kamwana namwino - capricious, osasamala, wosamvera mtsikana. wolemba limasonyeza chikhalidwe ndi wanthabwala.

"Njira za kumwamba"

Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich, amene zochita ife kufotokoza, anayamba kugwira ntchito pa buku lake yotsatira, yakuti "Njira za kumwamba" ndi nditangomaliza izo. Komabe, pa nthawi iyi ya Olga, mkazi wake wokondedwa zapita pambuyo matenda. Izi zinachitika mu 1933. Shmelev Ivan Sergeyevich ndinalibe lingaliro linakhalapo popanda mkazi uyu. Wolemba ankayenera kudutsamo kwambiri pambuyo pa imfa yake. Iye ankati kupitiriza chibwenzi chake, koma moyo wake mwadzidzidzi kusiya vuto la mtima.

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev anafa June 24, 1950.