Buku "Utsi": mwachidule. Turgenev NDI, "Utsi": ntchito kusanthula

Nkhaniyi kudzaunikidwa ndi kusanthula mu imodzi mwa ntchito za wotchuka Russian tingachipeze powerenga amatchedwa "Utsi" (chidule). Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich anthu ambiri tidziwe, kani yekha chifukwa cha ntchito zake zolembalemba, limene kwa zaka zambiri m'gulu maphunziro kusukulu.

Atypical wamkazi chifaniziro

Ponena za Turgenev, osalephera, ambiri maganizo yomweyo pakubwera lodziwika bwino "Mumu", "abambo ndi ana" ndi "Asya". Koma ife tikulingalira buku wosiyana ndi ena onse. chithunzi wamkazi wa heroine Irina si kuti kutali fano chikhalidwe "mtsikana Turgenev" ndipo ife tikhoza kunena ndi kwathunthu zosiyana. Monga ulamuliro, ntchito za Ivan Sergeyevich khalidwe wamkazi kuonekera mu njira woyera ndi wosalakwa - n'kupanda ndi malo achilengedwe mtsikana.

Irina Osinina - imodzi mwa ntchito chifungulo cha zilembo wamkazi, anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi stereotype atsikana Turgenev a. chithunzi alimbika mtima ndithu, zonse chonyozeka ndi mawu onyoza ena. About umanenedwa monga mwini wa "chosakhulupirira zimene iye anafotokoza maganizo" kuti heroine Turgenev ndi mtundu wa zamkhutu.

Kusiyana pakati pa "utsi" ntchito zina mwa wolemba

Roman Turgeneva "Utsi" chosiyana ndi ntchito zake zina osati pamaso pa heroine yaikazi ndi njira atypical kwa mwini. Mu ntchito iyi, khalidwe lalikulu, ngati palibe.

Khalidwe chapakati ukadali kumeneko, ndipo pambuyo kuwerenga ntchito n'zoonekeratu kuti Litvinov izi. Koma iye anachita pa zifukwa zina zimene sizikuonetsa khalidwe chachikulu, koma khalidwe chabe, kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku chizolowezi chimene wowerenga angathe Ndikamuone kuchokera kunja.

The pyakubisika cha buku la

Anthu ena otsutsa kulemba chifukwa chotero phwando Turgenev ( "Utsi", chidule cha machaputala amene ife amati onani amene alibe nthawi kumaliza ntchito) anafuna kusonyeza maganizo awo pa "bezgeroynomu" nthawi, imene akulongosola.

ntchito Iyi ndi wosiyana kwambiri m'mbuyomu ndi olembedwa ntchito pambuyo Ivan Sergeyevich. Chofunika, kulingalira "Utsi" (chidule): Turgenev kudzitcha wake yekha zothandiza, zolondola ndiponso zogwira ntchito zawo. Ziribe kanthu zimene iwo akunena owerenga ndi ofufuza za ntchito imeneyi, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti lingaliro la wolemba ali ndi ufulu kuwalepheretse.

"Utsi" (chidule), Turgenev NDI

Kumene, kuti athe kumva maganizo a ntchito, ayenera kuwerenga oyambirira. Koma ngati chifukwa chirichonse izi sizingatheke kuti tanthauzo ambiri, tikhoza asagwiritse ndi Baibulo abridged.
Zochitika za buku "Utsi" kuyamba kukhazikitsa mu August 1862, limodzi la spas German wotchedwa Baden-Baden.

M'mlengalenga akunja ankaoneka wosangalala ndi dzuwa. "Kusankhidwa" omvetsera pano kumalo ena achisangalalo izi ndinayang'ana kunja wokhutira ndi nkhope zawo anasonyeza kukondwa. Izi kirimu a anthu olemekezeka kwambiri moni wina ndi mzake, koma kukapitiriza zikuonekeratu kuti mfundo kanthu kunena kwa wina ndi mzake, iwo anali ndi lingaliro pang'ono.

Turgenev m'malo satirically limafotokoza alipo pamenepo. maziko awo onse wayima, zingatanthauze, ndi khalidwe chabe - wokongola munthu wa za 30 ndi munthu wogona dzina Litvinov. Iye akukhala khalidwe chapakati buku la.

Kufotokozera za khalidwe waukulu

The mbali yaikulu buku la, Litvinov, anakulira ku mudzi. bambo ake anali wopuma kapitawo wamalonda banja, ndi noblewoman mayi ophunzira. Mu Maulendo Ake za iye anati kuti iye anali ndithu wodzipereka komanso mtundu cholengedwa. mwamuna wake iye achotsedwa ku kulumbira mawu, napita kunyumba kwake, kuyesera kuphunzitsa izo mwambo European. atumiki ake onse mayi Litvinov kuitanitsa "inu". M'chaka chimenecho, pamene Litvinov anapita ku koleji, iye anadwala TB ndipo anamwalira.

The ngwazi sanathe maphunziro yunivesite. Mu likulu, iye silinakhalitse, chifukwa malo ake sanali makamaka enviable: mnyamata analibe ndalama, ndi kugwirizana zothandiza kuti iye sanali. Popeza mayina a mayi wake wakufayo anali palibe wina kusamalira, koma yaitali izo zikhoza kupanga ndalama zabwino, Litvinov zopita kunja ndi ophunzitsidwa kumeneko umisiri watsopano ndizosowa agronomy. Ena nthawi iye anakhala Dresden, ndi chiyambi Romana Litvinov mwamphamvu, iye akukhulupirira kuti tsopano ali zonse zikuchitika bwino, ndipo iye adzakhala kupindula m'mphepete ake. Mu Baden-Baden amafuna mkwatibwi wake Tatiana, amene ali okonzeka kuti agwirizane manja kuti pa msinkhu wina wa tsogolo lake.

Chitsanzo Turgenev mtsikana - Tatiana

Wolemba, amene anatchuka chifukwa mphamvu zake polenga ntchito zifaniziro choyeretsetsa cha akazi - ndi, ndithudi, mlembi wa buku la, timakhala tikulingalira - Ivan Turgenev. "Popelani", ngakhale kuti khalidwe chapakati wamkazi limapezeka mu sizionekaoneka ndithu kwa fano la wolemba, osati zosiyana. Chinachake mwa iye wowala bwino kwambiri, ndipo Tatiana, mkwatibwi Litvinov Chiphaso wake.

chiwembu chitukuko

Ngakhale Litvinov akuyembekezera mkwatibwi wake, ndipo ali kutali nthawi mu cafe, iye wakudza kwa iye Bambaev ngati wolemba anamufotokozera, "munthu wabwino, koma chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha kanthu ... amene nthawi zonse mantha chilichonse." Iye akuuza Litvinov kuti achisangalalo Gubarev anadza, zomwe tikuyesera anafa.

Litvinov ndi Babayev, ndi kampani ya munthu wina Voroshilov, kupita ku hotela imene anakhala ndi Gubarev kwambiri. Chiyambitso cha msonkhano anadabwa ndi kukhumudwa pamene ndinamva kuti Litvinov alibe kutchulidwa malingaliro andale. Iye akuitana Litvinova "mwana." Khalidwe la dziko lonse anasonkhana Gubarev "osankhika", zimaonekeratu kuti ambiri a anthu okha miseche ndi chinyengo. Iwo amayesa ndekha mtundu wina wa tanthauzo, kukangana kuti, monga Ndipotu, ndi bwino kwambiri ayi. Gubarev yekha pa msonkhano uwu, kumene, munthu chapakati.

Izi Buku la "ufulu kuganiza" anthu akananena kuti fano Kumwambamwamba, ndi mpingo wonse anali kufunsa maganizo ake pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Gubarev anayankha onse osamveka mawu, koma omvera ake okhulupirika yomweyo amanyamula mawu akuti ngati iwo muli tanthauzo lakuya la moyo wa munthu. Litvinov mwakachetechete msonkhano uno, kotero sakumvetsa zomwe izo zinali zonse zikuchitika.

Kenako wakumana anthu ena - Potugin mosiyana makampani gubarevskoy ngati anzeru kwambiri. Koma iye ali maganizo ake pa tsogolo la m'tsogolo Russia - amakhulupirira kuti zonse muyenera kuphunzira kuchokera West. Pambuyo kukambirana yaitali ndi Potugin Litvinov anabwerera kuchipinda chake hotelo, ndipo supeza mmenemo maluwa. Ndi kapolo, iye akuzindikira kuti anabweretsa maluwa ndi kumanzere dona mwachinsinsi.

Irina - atypical Turgenev heroine

Iwo likukhalira kuti ngakhale kukumana ndi Tatiana Litvinov anali ndi ubwenzi ndi dona - Irinoy Osininoy. The ngwazi atakomana iye pamene iye anali mtsikana wokongola wa khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ali ndi kukongola wapadera. Iye anali ndi banja losauka kalonga, ndipo anali ndi zinthu mwangwiro zonse, tsitsi chilungamo ndi maso a kukongola zodabwitsa.

Pakati pa achinyamata panali chifundo, ndipo iwo kale anayamba kumanga mapulani olowa m'tsogolo. Kutalika kwa chibwenzi awo otchuka Mpira uchitike ndipo anaganiza kubweretsa Osinina Irina kunja. Anakana kwa nthawi yaitali, koma monga Litvinov yekha ndi kuti azipita nawo chochitika lomwe linasintha tsoka lake.

Kuwonekera pa mpira, kukongola kwake, Irina yapanga kuwaza weniweni, ndi bwino pakati pa Cavaliers anali zidzasintha. Anapezerapo mwayi pa zimenezi ndipo anazindikira kuti pa nthawi ina iye adzatha kupanga masewera ndakuwonetserani, mmodzi wa abale Osinina zimatengera pa moyo wake, kupanga ake wolowa wake ndi zimatenga mu Petersburg. Litvinov komanso azikaphunzira kunja, ndi kugwirizana okonda potsiriza wosweka.

Kukumana ndi maganizo akale

Kukhala Baden-Baden, Litvinov, kuyenda, akhumudwa pa gulu la asilikali wamng'ono, tchuthi pa masanje. Mwa iwo amaona Irene, amene ndi mkazi wa mmodzi wa iwo. Kumvetsera mawu a asilikali ndi maganizo awo za anthu Russian, Litvinov amazindikira kuti chibwenzi chake lija tsopano chilengedwe chachilendo kwambiri komanso zopondereza. Iye basi anakumana Litvinov, zikuoneka kucheza ndi chinachake kalekale, koma ali pafupi kwambiri ndi wokondedwa, iwo amayamba kumufunafuna zambiri misonkhano, kumupempha kuti osachepera za ubwenzi. Litvinov pang'onopang'ono ayamba ngati kuti moyo wake onse ankakonda ndendende mkazi uyu.

Turgenev - "Utsi": kusanthula ntchito mabuku ndi zinthu Zotengera

Kumene, kuti yosanthula ntchito imeneyi, tiyenera kuwerenga mu uthunthu wake. Koma ngakhale pambuyo kuwerenga chidule cha mankhwala "Utsi" Turgenev, munthu angadziwe kuti wolemba amayesetsa poyera chilakolako mphamvu, zomwe zimabweretsa umphawi wauzimu ndi ozindikira wautsiru mu ena mabwalo lolemera.

Pankhani ya zochitika amafotokozedwa "Utsi", zimaonekeratu kuti nkhaniyi anali kunyozedwa-akazembe gulu turgenevskoj olemekezeka, komanso serf awo anachita. Komano, tinachita "Utsi" Turgenev ndithu satirically akuseka mbali zina "za kutsogolo mdani" - chosintha emigration.

N'chifukwa chiyani mankhwala otchedwa "Utsi"

Pa dzanja limodzi, utsi angatchedwe zinthu zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi inconcrete onse ndale Russia, zomwe zachitika mu nthawi akutchulidwa mu buku la. Komano, khalidwe lalikulu Turgenev ndi utsi ambiguity ndi kusamvetsa maganizo awo Irina Osinina ndi bwenzi lake, Tatyana.

mitu Wamuyaya analeredwa ndi mankhwala

olemba otchedwa olemba amene ntchito angatchedwe chitsanzo chabwino ndi zogwirizana mu nthawi zosiyana. Nzosadabwitsa m'gulu la zapamwamba Chinawonjezeka ndi Turgenev. "Utsi" (kuwerenga mwachidule zimenezi, ngati palibe mwayi kwa wapachiyambi) timasonyeza kuti acuteness ndi kuya maganizo wolemba. Koma zindikirani zonse n'kumayamikira zimene n'chotheka mu nkhani ngati mukuwerenga ntchito imeneyi uthunthu wake. Mabaibulo chidule cha mankhwala, monga ulamuliro, kudula nkhani yaikulu ndi kusiya mphindi zofunika kwambiri.

Roman Turgeneva "Utsi", kuwerenga oyambirira, zimathandiza osonyeza tcheru wowerenga kumvetsa kuti ambiri mwa mavuto Russia mu 1867 anakhalabe zogwirizana ake lero. Mu umodzi wa mitu ya ngwazi za Turgenev Eti akuganizira chakuti munthu ali yekha ikugwirizana khumi Russian, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuganizira mozama za tsogolo la Russia, mapeto lalikulu la dziko. Koma nkhani ili yonse ndi unsubstantiated mwamtheradi, unproven ndipo imachitika basi mu mau.

Roman Turgeneva "Utsi" (mwachidule amene ali kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino chafika) chimasonyeza kuti anthu athu nthawizonse kumakunenani Kumadzulo, mukukhulupirira kuvunda. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, maganizo Western, ife nthawi zonse kuganizira buku yekha zolondola mwina kusamalirana iwo.

khalidwe Turgenev a amaona bwino kwambiri kuti anthu Russian nthawi zonse chabe yofunika "mbuye" amene ndi amene akhoza kusamalira izo, kutsogolera, ndi kutsogolera zonse kumuuza zochita. Ndipotu, ngati maganizo mkulu wa munthu zokhudza iye ndi amadziwa ndikulamulirani, iye basi ayenera kudziwa mmene bwino ndipo lifunika kumvera. Ndipo pambali, mu musanyalanyaze zawo zonse ndi zolephera, akhoza mlandu njonda iyi makamaka.

A njonda, nayenso, ndi nsanje wamba wamba ndipo zikuoneka amakhulupirira kuti si kulemetsedwa ndi nkhawa zosafunika ndi mavuto, munthu wamba bwino kwambiri kuposa iye, chifukwa ine ndikuganiza izo ziri mwamtheradi zofunika, ndipo muyenera zokhazo zimene iye anauzidwa. Ndipo nthawi ndi khama pa chitukuko ndi machiritso auzimu a moyo wake antchito yosavuta zovuta zambiri. "Choncho kuima mzake, chifukwa wina ndi mzake tiweramitse" - diso satirical kwa Turgenev.

Ndi olemba chakale, amene kuona bwino kwambiri mavuto onse a anthu Russian, molondola m'gulu Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich. "Utsi" - buku limene mochenjera kwambiri anaona kuti anthu a ku Russia nthawizonse ndinkakhala ziyembekezo. kwawo onse amadana ndi amakonda mozama. Ngakhale kuti kanthu zimachitika kunyumba ndipo sasintha, anthu Russian nthawi zonse ankakhala ndi chiyembekezo chakuti onse adzakhala nthawizonse bwino. Pofuna kumvetsa zimene moyo Russian m'ma 19 ndi kumvetsa maganizo wonse wa chi, n'zotheka kuwerenga buku "Utsi" (chidule).

Turgenev kwenikweni anali wokhoza mwaluso kufotokoza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu wamba, Litvinov, zokumana lake lenileni ndi kuwaza maganizo pakati pa akazi awiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo molondola kusonyeza maganizo a m'nyengo ndi boma ambiri a zochitika mu Russia, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri lero.