Popular rootstocks kwa mitengo apulo

Kodi rootstocks kwa apulo, zimene iwo amchita, ndi mmene kukula iwo? Onsewa ndi mafunso amene anthu amafunsa ndi njira ya masika. Ndi zinthu nkhani imeneyi n'chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa maapulo kuti kudzala lero kukula ndi kubala zipatso kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zokolola anaika pompano. Ndicho chifukwa ife tikufuna kukambirana mwatsatanetsatane nkhani apakhungu monga rootstocks kwa mitengo apulo. Paja: kukula katundu si, mugule izo. Komabe, muyenera kukhala ndi katundu yodalirika chifukwa anali zonse zabwino. Tikawonetsetsa kukula rootstocks angakhale zolimbitsa osiyana, ndi bwino kwambiri bajeti. Zingakhale amene ndiye kugulitsa.

ndi chitsa Kodi

Monga lero, kuchuluka kwa osiyana mitundu ya mitengo apulo chabe osiririka. Kumene, aliyense nyakulima ali yesero lalikulu kukula m'dera lawo muli zipatso zazikulu ndi okoma. Inu mwina kale kudziwa kuti kukula mtengo chikhalidwe, muyenera kuphunzitsa molondola zinthu kalasi, ndipo m'malo muno ndi kukhazikitsa. Choncho gawo choperekedwa (nthambi kapena impso) akhoza ukutchulidwa kuti Scion, ndi zimene katemera, chitsa. Only pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti kumezanitsa chachikulu duet izi. Chitsa kwa mitengo apulo zili zofunikira kwambiri. Ichi ndi maziko, maziko, pa potsata chitukuko ndi fruiting. Ngati inu kusankha rootstocks cholakwika mmera ndipo sangathe kudikira zotsatira.

Kodi ukhoza kukhala rootstocks kwa mitengo apulo

Tsopano ndi nthawi kuti atchule gulu malinga ndi zomwe ife tichita mu nkhaniyi. Pali njira ziwiri zofunika kukula okha chitsa. Mbewu iyi kapena vegetative. Kodi kusiyana waukulu? Mbali yoyamba, dzina odziwikiratu. Mbewu katundu - chifukwa cha kubzala mbewu. Kotero ife anabzala fupa, kapena mbewu, apulo ndipo analandira sapling kuti mbewu m'matangadza.

Yachiwiri - ndi rootstocks clonal. Iwo kubereka layering kapena cuttings, choncho ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri kuposa ena, chifukwa kukula nthawi zochepa wonyeketsa. rootstocks onse clonal zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri - sredneroslye nyenyezi yaing'ono. Kuti apulo mitengo pa rootstocks nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi amaoneka okongola kwambiri, koma amafuna ndalama kwambiri. Ku munda adzafunika zida ndi kuthandiza gulu la ulimi ulamuliro tizilombo mu moyo wa m'munda. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mafani kusankha kukula sing'anga kapena rootstocks lalikulu.

Chiyambi cha rootstocks clonal

Ndipotu si chozizwitsa zosinthira chibadwa. Iye anawonekera chifukwa cha kuswana mitundu yatsopano ndipo panopa ku mbewu. Chifukwa mu obereketsa tsogolo wasankha kusintha njira zawo za kubereka? chakuti mbande panopa ku mbewu akhoza pereopylilis ndi mitengo ina apulo ndi kupeza zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, kugula pollinator kukula kwambiri. Koma cloning zipangitsa kukula mitengo, amene adzapulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuonjezera katundu wa mtundu wa wapezeka katundu wangwiro. rootstocks Clonal a mitengo apulo ankagwiritsa ntchito kulikonse, chuma chonse zikugwira kuti mwakula mu greenhouses mitengo achinyamata ndi kafalitsidwe vegetative, kenako kuzigulitsa kudzera maukonde ritelo masitolo apadera.

Amene mitundu ali oyenera udindo wa katundu ndi

Iyi ndi nkhani apadera komanso osayenera. Top apulo rootstocks - ndi wodzichepetsa, Hardy mitundu yomwe imamera mofanana bwino mu nyengo zonse. Choncho, ambiri a mbewu atengedwa Antonovka wamba. Komanso oyenera izi Kitaika cholinga kapena tsabola. Ngati iwo sali, koma anapereka Grushovka Moscow kapena Borovinka, ndiye iwo, nawonso bwinobwino kutenga. Chifukwa iwo? Chifukwa chololera kulima, iwo ntchito, chifukwa zipatso kwambiri wosakongola. Komabe, mitengo ndi Hardy, undemanding ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Kodi mukuganiza, zimene ngati katundu ndi kutenga mmera panopa ku mbewu kutentha wachikondi, mitundu kum'mwera, ndipo chidzapatsidwa anabzala m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia? Kumene m'nyengo yozizira choyamba amaundana, pamodzi ndi dongosolo la mizu. Kotero kusankha yekha mitundu m'deralo kapena regionalized, ndinazolowera zikhalidwe yeniyeni.

Kusiyana mbewu rootstocks clonal

Kukula rootstocks apulo tikambirana pansipa mwatsatanetsatane, koma tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zimene ndi kusiyana pakati rootstocks chakula njira zina. Panopa ku rootstocks mbewu ndi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuti matenda ndi nyengo, koma mitengo ndi kumtengo iwo kenako mu kubala. Kawirikawiri ndi zaka 6-7 mutabzala, ndi zokolola zonse pambuyo akamafika zaka 10-12. Koma munda izi adzasangalala inu zaka 30-40.

Monga katundu ndi bwino yosayenera nkhalango apulo, chifukwa ali ndi mizu zochepa nthambi kuposa mitundu nakulitsa, koma chifukwa chakuti mitengo kumuika kulekerera zikuipiraipirabe. Muyeneranso kuganizira zotsatira, mwachitsanzo zokolola, amene ayenera kubweretsa apulo mtengo. Mbewu katundu ndi moyenera, mitengo anabzala pa iwo, ndi zokolola zochepa za 15-20 matani pa mahekitala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitengo kukula lalikulu, ndi gawo la korona ndi sanali zipatso, ngakhale nthambi chigoba ndi poluskeletnye amafuna mphamvu.

Vegetative kapena clonal, rootstocks wa mitengo apulo - ndi godsend weniweni amene kukula minda ikuluikulu kumene zokolola zimayikidwa kuposa chilichonse. Mitengo pa iwo ndi kukula zolimbitsa komanso ali oyambirira maonekedwe. Mitundu vegetative rootstocks zambiri, aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake, kotero ndiye ife kulankhula za aliyense wa padera.

rootstocks nyenyezi yaing'ono

mitengo apulo pa chitsa nyenyezi yaing'ono anawagawa m'magulu 5 malinga ndi mphamvu ya kukula. M8 - ndi maonekedwe kwambiri m'banda wa zipatso rootstocks nyenyezi yaing'ono kwa mitengo apulo. Iwo sali ofanana kwambiri chifukwa yosavuta kuti iwo ndi kungotengeka mizu. Iwo ofooka anazikika m'nthaka, osati kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala ndi zofuna wapatali chonde. Ngati pansi kugona kwambiri, n'zotheka kuyesa kukula m'munda. Apple mbande pa chitsa nyenyezi yaing'ono kukula ndi kubwera mu mphamvu m'chaka chachiwiri Komabe, mitengo izi sizingagwirizane kulekerera chilala ndi amafunika chisamaliro nthawi zonse, nthambi popanda chodalira mosavuta kuswa tizivutika ndi zipatso za m'chilimwe ndi yozizira chipale chofewa.

M27 - ndi chitsa superkarlikovy, umene pafupifupi konse ntchito minda ndi minda kunyumba. Wood ndi osalimba kwambiri, chifukwa zimenezi zimadzetsa chakuti zomera zambiri kuphwanyaphwanya, ndi kuwasunga zovuta. Mitengo pa chitsa izi ndi korona pang'ono kwambiri kuti sayankhula mokomera mkulu-fruiting.

D-1071 - chitsanzo china chabwino, anagonjetsa kwa Donetsk Station Research. Izi ndi zotsatira za ankawoloka M9 ndi tsabola kalasi veleveti. A kukula wodzichepetsa, fruiting m'chaka chachitatu, mkulu zokolola kwambiri kusiyana ndi iye anafunika wamaluwa. Frost kulimbana ndi zogwira mtima, sangalekerere chilala.

Anazindikira monga mtsogoleri minda Russian - M9

Nthawi zambiri ntchito horticulture chitsa M9 (Paradizka 9). magwero ake sakudziwika, koma ali pafupi ndi mitundu, kukula mu Georgia. N'zogwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa m'matangadza, zomwe zimabweretsa kutchuka kwake. Pa mbande kumezetsanitsa mu malo nthawi zambiri anapanga zophuka, koma izi sikusokoneza yachibadwa machiritso ndondomeko. mitengo apulo pa chitsa nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi maonekedwe m'banda wa zipatso, umene uli wofunika makamaka ngati m'munda yabzalidwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zokolola ndi mkulu, apamwamba kuposa rootstocks ena nyenyezi yaing'ono. mitengo kwake - zaka 20. Pakutha nthawi ino, m'pofunika kukonzekera pasadakhale mbande latsopano, kuti n'kusiya mbewu a. katundu uyu ndi chilala zosagwira, koma wovuta kwambiri pankhani chonde. Best zotsatira analandira pa dothi, molemera ukala ndi vermicompost. Pa kuwala, mchenga kapena katundu dothi dongo musati kukula konse. Pa chitsa izi ndi zabwino wamkulu sredneroslye apulo mitundu. M9 kugonjetsedwa ndi powdery cinoni ndi nkhanambo, koma nthawi zambiri anakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe ndi makoswe. Apple chitsa M9 ndi ofala kwambiri kulima chapakati Russia, ndinazolowera zikhalidwe nyengo. Ndi mitengo pa chitsa izi bwinobwino kuona Siberia okha nyengo aakulu pali chiopsezo yozizira koopsa.

theka-nyenyezi yaing'ono rootstocks

mitengo apulo mu theka-nyenyezi yaing'ono chitsa oyenera kuswana. Iwo sali opondereza a madzi zonse ndi wapadera zipangizo matabwa zogwiriziza. Pamene rootstocks okha ndiwo ayipanga m2, M3, M4, M5, M7, adayamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda. Komabe, zochitika zasonyeza kuti mitundu awa ndi chiwerengero cha kuipa, chifukwa chimene ndipo anataya kutchuka kwawo. Choyamba ali ndi rooting zoipa tcheru waterlogging, kotero otsika ali bwino yosayenera kubzala. Komanso, pafupifupi mawonekedwe muzu mphukira sali omasuka kwambiri kwa munda wa.

Komabe, mu theka-nyenyezi yaing'ono apulo chitsa - ndi yabwino kwambiri, koma chifukwa ntchito umenewu anapitiriza ndipo m'malo mwa U 102. Kwa mtundu umenewu anawoloka North Scout ndi M1. Zotsatira zake zinali katundu amene ali ngakhale kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya mitengo pa izo oyambirira maonekedwe a zipatso ndi zokolola. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti mizu kumafunika danga, zikunenedwa bwino nthambi, choncho kuthandiza mtengo si chofunika. Frost muzu mukutanthauza, imani madigiri -10. Iwo sangalekerere chilala chifukwa dongosolo bwino anayamba mizu. Koma yaitali waterlogging ndi moorland zingawononge munda m'tsogolo.

Avereji kutalika rootstocks

Ndipotu, kusiyana rootstocks theka-nyenyezi yaing'ono ndi srednerosloe woonda kwambiri. Onse ali akusankha bwino kuti minda. Zipatso, ndithudi, kudikira pang'ono, koma zomera amenewa bwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe Russian, komanso kulekerera chisanu ndi zokolola zosiyanasiyana. Clonal apulo rootstocks zimathandiza kupeza lalikulu zedi mbande okhala katundu umene amaonetsetsa kuti chifukwa akadakwanitsira pa chiwembu.

MM 104 opangidwa ku England ndi kudutsa zosiyanasiyana kumpoto m2 kukazonda. Adzaupereka kwa kukula sing'anga akuyandikira wolimba ndi pa dothi ndi chonde mkulu. apulo mbande pa katundu koyambirira kubwera ku akatundu, koma zokolola ndi pang'ono poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi MW 106. Frost, kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri -12. M 111 unachokera mu England ndipo akulonjeza kuti zone kum'mwera kwa Ukraine. Alnarp (A2) - amphamvu-kukula chitsa, amene anapezerapo ku Sweden. mitengo anayamba kubala zipatso pa zaka 3-4, mkulu zokolola. Frost kukana - mpaka madigiri -14. Iwo sangalekerere ndi moyandikana a pansi alibe kupanga mbande muzu. Monga mukuonera, apulo zovuta ngakhale kuti atchule zosiyanasiyana rootstocks, kotero kwambiri a iwo lero.

Avereji kutalika kwa kusankha Russian wogulitsa

Onse a mitundu awa kumakhala chisanu kukana ndipo pafupifupi musati kupulumuka mu zikhalidwe za Siberia. Komabe, kulima rootstocks apulo - ichi ndi ntchito zingamuthandize kwambiri imene chidwi ndi Russian obereketsa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwambiri sing'anga kukula katundu, amene ali abwino kwa zinthu Russian unayambitsidwa. Ndi bwino yogwirizana ndi mitundu odziwika bwino kwambiri, drought- zokwanira ndi chisanu zosagwira, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu munda chiwembu wanu. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, udzakhala ndi zipatso mtengo wobala zipatso. Chitsa 118 mwangwiro anakonza nthaka ndi sikutanthauza thandizo zina. Mphukira mizu pang'ono kwambiri, yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa tikukonza. Pamafunika kudulira zonse pansi akhalebe mtengo mkati mamita atatu mu msinkhu. Mitengo pa chitsa zimenezi mwamsanga mizu kukula mofulumira ndi mwangwiro fructify.

kukula m'matangadza

Ngati mwaganiza kuchita izo nokha, muyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale mbewu. Maapulo chiyenera kuchotsedwa mu mtengo, pamene mbewu adzakhala bulauni. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamaso zipatso zipse kwathunthu. zipatso ndi zofunika udzaphwanya ndi kusamba ndi madzi ambiri. mbewu kucha kukhala pansi. Tsopano mbali zosangalatsa: mbewu ayenera stratified, kuti pansi pa otsika kutentha, koma bata kuposa ngati muli iwo anabzala mwachindunji mu nthaka pamaso yozizira.

Pakuti apulo mitengo amafuna masiku 90 stratification. Kuti tichite zimenezi, zilowerere mbewu kwa tsiku mu madzi, ndiyeno wothira mchenga kapena peat ndi woyera pa alumali pansi pa firiji. Kumaona mlingo chinyezi, komanso uyitakase, kuonetsetsa mwayi wa oxygen. Anabzala mbewu akaona kuti iwo ayamba kuphwanya eggshell. Ngati inu molondola masamu nthawi, izo ziyenera kukhala m'ma April - oyambirira May, pamene iwo akhoza anabzala mwachindunji mu nthaka. Apa iwo tikatha yotentha awo oyamba m'nyengo yozizira bwinobwino. Chaka chotsatira, mudzakhala okonzeka mbande, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsa a. Kufotokozera za rootstocks apulo, takupatsani yekha mu gawo, koma inu angatanthauze Buku zambiri, kusonkhanitsa mfundo za mitundu m'dera lanu.

Kukula rootstocks clonal

Apa, chirichonse chiri chophweka kwambiri. Muyenera okha kugula okonzeka zopangidwa katundu ndi kudula nsonga yake. Kubzala apulo chitsa ayenera idzachitika mu mowa mayi, komwe anakhala zaka 10 adzakupatsani njira yatsopano. Iyo inali nthawi zimenezi n'kofunika buku pasadakhale malowa. Pakuti mowa ndi sankasangalala lolemera, nthaka dongo, mchenga koma M'malo mwake, adzakhala njira yabwino, koma pansi pa chikhalidwe cha madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Onani kuti pamodzi ndi katundu wa inu kukatenga kuchokera pansi ndalama yaikulu zakudya, kotero kuti dziko mowa mayi ndi mwamsanga wotopa. Choncho nthawi zonse kupanga feteleza, utuchi ndi udzu, chawola manyowa. Apa, munthu wayamba amati utuchi asidi dothi, koma apulo mtengo bwino analekerera zinthu zimenezi.

Kodi m'matangadza zambiri muyenera kuona nokha zochokera zofuna kwanu. Ngati mukufuna mowa chachikulu, mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ya kusunga pafupifupi 150 cm. Simudzafayi kukula mtengo, ndi chitsamba. Pamaso kubzala, kukumba poyambira yaing'ono ya masentimita 8, ndi akuda mpweya ku lamanja mtunda chitsa. Nthawi yomweyo mutabzala, kudula pa msinkhu wa 30 cm choyamba zomera chaka ntchito -. Chabwino mizu, choncho palibe mpheto zina zomwe zingafunike. Kumayambiriro kasupe wa chaka chotsatira, kudula tsinde kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7 kuchokera pa nthaka. M'malo a impso kuyamba kukula zikumera, ndipo mwamsanga pamene iwo kufika msinkhu wa masentimita 15, ayenera kuwaza pansi. Ndi kukula anafunika mpaka mowa kwa nthawi osachepera wina ziwiri. Onetsetsani kuti moisten nthaka pamaso kapena phiri pambuyo mvula. M'dzinja mukhoza kutenga cuttings ndi wokonzeka kudzala padera. Pambuyo kuti muyenera kudzaza mbali poyera cha chakumwa pansi. M'chaka si koyenera kuti akuchedwa kutsegula kwa tchire mu kugwa n'kuwaza, osati kuzengereza kudzutsidwa kwa masamba matalala. Choncho, munda wanu akhoza zonse kuti aperekedwe pafupifupi ufulu mfundo kulima maapulo apamwamba. Ngati muli ndi lalikulu, phunziro ili likhoza kukhala chiyambi cha bizinezi.

kuti adzimvera

Zipatso - si yokongola chenicheni cha m'dera lanu wakunja kwatawuni, komanso gwero la maapulo, mungapezeko M'sitolo kwa dzinja, komanso wabwino ndalama. Choyamba sankhani gulu limene mukufuna kukula m'deralo. Mufufuze chimene zinthu ziri zofunika kukula zachilendo ndipo fruiting. Pomaliza, kupeza kholo mtengo, umene inu mukhoza kutenga mfundo kumezetsanitsa. Tsopano mukhoza kuyamba kuyang'ana kwa m'matangadza. Kumene, iwo ayenera pamodzi ndi mzake. Kukula kwa mbewu za chitsa - zovuta ndi yaitali, bwino kugula phesi abwino ndi kuchiika mowa ndi. Chaka chotsatira, mudzakhala ndi mbande wamng'ono, wokonzeka katemera. Onani kuti katundu ayenera Choncho zizigwirizana mbali nyengo ya dera lanu, mwinamwake mbewu vymerznet.

Musanyalanyaze mfundo ndi dongosolo lawo mizu. Fibrous, yomwe ili pamwamba limasonyeza kuti mbewu undersized, izo sadzapulumuka chilala ndi adzafunika thandizo. Zomera ndi dongosolo bwino anayamba pachimake, Mosiyana, sadzalekerera m'madera yonyowa, otsika ndi osaya pansi.