Mitengo chikhalidwe - mbali ndi zitsanzo

Munthu pa siteji ena a chitukuko, anayamba kusintha chikhalidwe okha. Anayamba domesticate nyama zakutchire kuti akanapindula iye. Mu njira yomweyo nakulitsa mitengo, zitsamba, masamba ndi udzu. M'nkhaniyi tiona zochitika za maonekedwe a zomera nakulitsa makamaka mitengo.

Nakulitsa zomera - ndichiyani?

Cultural otchedwa zomera zimene mwakula ndi munthu kuti iliyonse. Izi zikhoza kukhala yokonza mankhwala chakudya, zipangizo mafakitale, mankhwala kapena wakudya nyama. zomera oterowo umatchedwanso ulimi. Pakati pawo makamaka akutali ndi mitengo chikhalidwe, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

zomera zonse nakulitsa anawagawa m'magulu angapo. Makamaka zapadera:

• zomera monga chimanga mbewu;
• nyemba;
• shuga;
• kukhuthala;
• oilseeds;
• zipatso (mitengo nakulitsa a gulu ili);
• masamba ndi mavwende;
• Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi mankhwala.

Kuphunzira makhalidwe ndi chiyambi cha zomera nakulitsa chinkhoswe ophunzira monga Ni Vavilov, E. Wolfe GI Tanfil'ev, VL Udzudzu ndi zina.

A mbiri pang'ono

Lang'anani, monga makolo chikhalidwe ndi zomera zakutchire. Ndi masankhidwe a miyeso, asayansi anali kupeza iwo imabereka kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa acclimatization iwo anayamba kukula ndi kubala zipatso mu latsopano, zachilendo okha zinthu.

VII Zakachikwi BC - kuti nthawi pamene anayamba mbewu chikhalidwe. Zinali ndiye kuti choyamba zomera nakulitsa anayamba kuoneka - mitengo, zitsamba ndi udzu.

Ngati inu mungakweze nkhani ya madera, zimaonekeratu kuti ndondomeko ya kulima zomera anthu kufanana zinachitika mu chosiyana, kutali ndi mzake, m'madera a. Pa nthawi yomweyo zikamera malo a zomera kwambiri nakulitsa akhala okwera ndi m'mapiri a otentha subtropical zone - ndi Atlas mapiri a Caucasus, ndi Andes, ndi Chiameniya ndi Abyssinian okwera, etc ...

Chifukwa iwo? chakuti malo awa kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha ubwino zoonekeratu:

• otsetsereka chitetezo ku chisanu;
• zobwezedwa mbali nyengo (chifukwa malamba mkulu okwera);
• kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi dzuwa;
• pamaso pa magwero okhazikika madzi.

Wotchuka wasayansi Ni Vavilov mu 20-30-ntchentche allocated 7 malo chiyambi cha zomera nakulitsa: Asia East, Asian South, South-Western Asian, Mediterranean, Central America, American South ndi ku Aitiopiya.

Mitengo ndi peculiarities chawo

Nakulitsa mitengo, mwanjira ina, ali mbadwa zakutchire. Komabe, iwo zingasiyane mwakuthupi. Komabe, ena a mitengo ndi zina khalidwe lake, limene tsopano zovuta kudziwa amene anachokera.

Mbali yaikulu ndiyakuti mitundu nakulitsa mitengo mulibe malo awo yogawa achilengedwe.

Cultural mtengo - ndi wosakwatiwa ndipo kwathunthu dongosolo moyo, chomwe ndi mbali ziwiri umafananirako ndipo zimavuta:

• aboveground (mapulaniwo ndi korona);
• mobisa (mizu).

Nakulitsa mitengo: Zitsanzo

mitengo yonse chikhalidwe akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:

1. Kukongoletsa - ntchito pa zolinga malo ndi polenga m'mapaki, minda, m'mapaki (msondodzi ichi, mthethe, thuja, mgoza, phulusa, mkuyu, etc ...).
2. Zipatso - chodyetsa zipatso zawo ndi zakudya (izi apulo, peyala, pichesi, chitumbuwa, maula, quince, apurikoti, etc.).

Apulo mtengo - mtundu wa mitengo ya banja la pinki, amene kusiyana ndi zokoma lokoma ndi wowawasa chipatso chake cha mawonekedwe anamaliza. Masiku ano, pali pafupifupi 10 zikwi mitundu ya mtengo uwu! Ambiri a iwo a mitundu Apple Tree kunyumba. Amakhulupirira kuti malo apulo nakulitsa - izo Alatau m'tsinde, pa dera la Kyrgyzstan ano. Kuyambira pamenepo, izo anasamukira ku Ulaya, kumene chakhala malo kuswana of Ancient Greece. Amadziwika kuti Kievan Lazaro, pansi Yaroslav anzeru, ali ndi maapulo chinaikidwa.

Cherry - mtengo banja la pinki, ndi zipatso zokoma, zomwe ankagwiritsa nalo. Ndi zomera kutentha wachikondi kuposa chitumbuwa. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti za yamatcheri azungu ankadziwa mwamsanga chitatu Zakachikwi BC.

Peach (Persian maula) - mtengo banja la pinki, zipatso zokoma zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito yopanga zipatso zamzitini ndi batala pichesi. Makamaka, chipatso ichi chotchuka kwambiri mu United States. Malo mtengo, mwina, ndi North China. Pa gawo European wa pichesi woyamba zipatso idamangidwa pa Ine atumwi ku Italy.

Pomaliza ...

Mitengo ndi wofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe munthu. Iwo samangokhala kutipatsa zambiri zamtengo wapatali ndi zokoma zipatso, komanso zokondweretsa maso athu m'mapaki ndi mabwalo. N'zovuta popanda mitengo nakulitsa ndi zomera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asayansi ndi obereketsa kupitiriza kuonetsa mitundu yawo yonse yatsopano.