Atlas Mountains - osiyana lamapiri

Kwambiri ya m'dziko la Africa ili pa mbale lithospheric African. Ndi nsanja wamkulu m'mbuyomu anali nawo m'gulu la Africa yaikulu Gondwana. Mu nthawi Triassic mchikakamizo cha mphamvu kunja kwa Dziko mkulu mapiri zinalili pa Africa akale, zafa. Zolakwa za matanthwe a, mapangidwe horst, zivomezi, ndi kuphulitsa mapiri zinachititsa kuti pakhale wa zigwa undulating, zitunda zathyathyathya mkulu, mabeseni lalikulu ndiponso mapiri latsopano. Africa - Africa kokha kumene ranges latsopano phiri inakhazikitsidwa osati mu mabacteria nyumba apangidwe. Phiri lalitali kwambiri mu Africa kuyambira mu mapiri East Africa. Mapiri Drakensberg kupangidwa mu kum'mawa kwa Africa kum'mwera. South m'dzikoli ali m'mphepete mwa m'dera la Cape mapiri ndi kumpoto anatambasula za Atlas Mountains. zitunda awo a kumpoto anayikidwa mwachindunji pa mphambano mbale awiri lithospheric.

Atlas mapiri, kapena Atlas kupanga kumpoto protrusion African Africa, omwe ali olekanitsidwa ku Southern Europe yekha Gibraltar khwalala. North-kumadzulo gombe la Africa kumadzulo ndi nyanja ya Atlantic kummawa, kumpoto - Nyanja Mediterranean. Kum'mwera, palibe malire zodziwika bwino ndi Sahara, chopangidwa ndi phazi kum'mwera kwa mapiri a Atlas, imene mitunda mphero chipululu.

Atlas ndi kuwuka lapadera kwambiri kumpoto Africa. Mapiri umachokera ku Atlantic gombe kudzera Morocco, Algeria ku gombe la Tunisia. Amakhala wa High Atlas mapiri, Tel-Atlas, ndi Atlas Saharan, Middle Atlas, Anti-Atlas, zitunda zathyathyathya ulinso ndi zigwa. The chimbuzi cha Africa North ndi High Atlas ndi Toubkal phiri, kufika kutalika kwa 4167 m. Ndi phiri lalitali la North Africa. Atlas mu gawo ili la mapiri ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi a Alps ndi Caucasus. Koma Middle Atlas ndi pamwamba yachonde ngati ndi odulidwa ndi m'zigwa zakuya. Kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kupitiriza kwa High Atlas Saharan Atlas. Kum'mwera kwa mkulu Atlas, Anti-Atlas mapiri ndi - anaukitsa Cenozoic kayendedwe mzinda wa mbale akale.

Origin Atlas mapiri chikugwirizana ndi zolakwa kwambiri kupanga lineaments (liniya mpumulo zinthu). Kumbali miyala ya Atlas Mountains ndi chidwi choona kuti akudya m'dera nyanja ili yaikulu pansi artesian beseni, amene ali pansi wamkulu mu dziko Sahara chipululu.

M'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, kutsatira contours ya gombe, ataliatali wamng'ono apangidwe mapiri Rif Atlas, Atlas Tel-mpaka 2500 m. Iwo kupitiriza mwachindunji la mapiri Sicily ndi kum'mwera kwa Spain. Mapiri ambiri nsonga, kuphatikizapo Toubkal, inasoŵeratu mapiri.

Chidwi, koma anthu a m'dera la Atlas si dzina limodzi la mapiri, pali mayina a zitunda zathyathyathya aliyense payekha ndi zitunda. Okha dzina "Atlas Mountains", "Buku la mapu" am'deralo sizikhudza. Iwo anatengedwa mu Europe ndi ali kunayambira ku nthano zakale, zimene anali kuimba "phiri la Atlanta", ndi m'nthano titan Atlas, kapena Atlas, Perseus lidzasinthidwa phiri African chifukwa chokana alendo.

Kukhalako kwa Atlas mapiri woyamba anadziŵa kuyenda Foinike. nkhani ya dongosolo migodi ali ntchito za Maksima Tirskogo. Koma kwambiri kukodzedwa lingaliro la mapiri ndi lapadera German kafukufuku Rolf Gerhard Africa. Iye ananamizira ngati Muslim anawoloka High Atlas, anati ranges mapu phiri, ndipo anafufuza oases waukulu ku Algeria analumphira mu Sahara.

Atlas Mountains, wapafupi Marrakech, ankaona kuti wamkulu. m'badwo wawo anatsimikiza ndi Cretaceous ndi nthawi Jurassic.

Features wa malo ano a Atlas Mountains zimadalira zikuchepa chokhala ndi m'malo ouma nyengo. Yaikulu njira weathering kuwonongedwa kwa mapiri ndi kudzikundikira zawo pa mapazi a wambirimbiri zinyalala, lomwe ndi zitunda apamwamba ndi nsonga mokwanira phompho ndi lakuthwa. Iwo chimasiyanitsa mpumulo ndi wamphamvu erosive dismemberment. Mapiri kudula kudzera zigwembe zakuya, pamwamba mkati m'mapiriŵa anawoloka mwa dongosolo la njira - cholowa cha nyengo makedzana.

Pakuti Atlas mapiri lililonse Mediterranean nyengo. Komabe, sizimadziwika ndi malingana ndi msinkhu aakulu kwambiri. Choncho, m'dera la High Atlas zimaonetsa mphiri nyengo yozizira, m'chilimwe dzuwa ndi yozizira kwambiri. Kutentha pafupifupi mu malire chilimwe + 25⁰S yozizira kutentha ndi adatchithisira kuti nthawi zina -20⁰S. Pafupi Atlas Mountains amakhala ndi mvula kwambiri yozizira. M'dera limeneli pali zambiri zimabwerera.

Pa nthawi yotentha pamwamba mkati mwa zigwa ndi yachonde kwambiri alikuwotha moto, kutentha akhoza kufika + 50⁰S. Usiku M'malo mwake, ndithu ozizira ndi frosts pafupipafupi.

Chomera chivundikiro Atlas amasintha pamene amayenda madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja lamkati. M'munsi otsetsereka yokutidwa ndi minda ya mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono ya kanjedza, yobiriwira bushland ndi nkhalango Nkhata Bay thundu. Otsetsereka apamwamba okutidwa ndi nkhalango yew ndi Atlas mkungudza. Inland zigwa, zitunda zathyathyathya ndi dothi saline zochepa ndi theka-m'zipululu ndi steppes youma.

Mkulu m'mapiri pali ya m'mapiri meadows, amene amasiyana mitundu zikuchokera kwawo kwa madambo phiri European. Okha pamwamba pa lokwera lopanda zomera, ndi mbali yaikulu ya chaka okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Mu m'tsinde kum'mwera ili m'madera kuchipululu oases apo ndi apo.

Animal World Atlas ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama Africa ndi Kumwera Europe: dona, mbewa yoyenda modumpha, hares, afisi, nkhandwe, amphaka zakutchire ndi civets. Miyala anapeza Barbary Macaque, ndi njoka zambiri ndi abuluzi.

Population High ndi Middle Atlas anaikira pa phazi la mapiri ndi zigwa, kumene dziko yothiriridwa kukonzedwa pansi m'minda ya maolivi, zipatso ndi mbewu zina. Pamalo otsetsereka a phiri otsetsereka mphesa mwakula. Chiwerengero wakume- komanso zikugwira kuswana ng'ombe, kulima mbewu monga chimanga molimba Alpha - lofunika zopangira kupanga pepala chabwino.