Mapiri apamwamba kwambiri pa Dziko Lapansi. Kodi phiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ku Eurasia ndi ku Russia ndi chiyani?

Mapangidwe a mapiri akuluakulu a mapulaneti athu akukhala kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Izi ndi zotsatira za kugunda kwa mbale za tectonic. Izi siziyimitsa tsopano. Kutalika kwa mapiri apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi kumadutsa chizindikiro cha mamita eyiti zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. Pali mapiri anayi pa Earth. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mapiri khumi omwe ali pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ali mu Himalaya, omwe ali ku Eurasia ndikutambasula makilomita zikwi zingapo. Udindo wawo pa kukwera dongosolo ukufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa. Kuonjezera apo, nkhaniyi ikupereka mfundo zapamwamba pazigawo zonse.

Annapurna

Chimakechi chikutseka mndandanda "Mapiri okwera kwambiri a Eurasia ndi dziko". Potembenuza kuchokera ku Sanskrit dzina lake limatanthauza "mulungu wamkazi wobereka". Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 8091. Chipilalacho chinagonjetsedwa koyamba mu 1950 ndi okwera ku France Louis Lasanal ndi Maurice Erzog. Chidulechi chimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri pa dziko lapansi pokhudzana ndi chidziwitso, chowonetseratu bwino cha zomwe zingatchedwe ziwerengero. Mpaka pano, pakhala 150 okwera ascents kwa iwo, pamene imfa ndi 40%. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha imfa ndicho mapulaneti a chisanu.

Nangaparbat

Pa malo asanu ndi anayi omwe ali mu "Solomoni Mapiri Apamwamba a Dziko Lapansi" ndi Nangaparbat, kapena "phiri la milungu", mamita 8126 pamwamba. Kuyesera koyambirira koyamba kunachitika mu 1859, koma kunatha. Akupita patsogolo sakanatha kugonjetsa msonkhanowu kwa zaka pafupifupi zana. M'chaka cha 1953 Herman Boule wochokera ku Austria anangopanga mbiri yakale.

Manaslu

Kukwera kwa phiri ili ndi mamita 8163. Woyamba kukwera kukwera anali wokwera phiri la Japan dzina lake Toshio Imanisi, ndipo zinachitika mu 1956. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi cha chidule ndicho kuti chifukwa cha Tibet kwa nthawi yayitali, pamodzi ndi malo ake, panali malo oyandikana nawo alendo.

Dhaulagiri

Malo apamwamba a Dhaulagiri ali pa chidziwitso, mamita anayi okha kuposera chiwerengero choyambirira cha "Mapiri apamwamba kwambiri pa dziko lapansi". Mu 1960, gulu la anthu a ku Ulaya linakwera pamwamba, lomwe ndilovuta kwambiri kukwera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti palibe amene adagonjetsa njira ya kumwera.

Cho Oyu

Phiri ili liri ndi mamita 8188 kutalika. Lili pamalire a Nepal ndi China. Anthu oyambirira omwe anagonjetsa iwo anali Austre Josef Jehler ndi Harbert Tihi. Iwo adakwera mu 1954.

Makalu

Atsogoleri asanu a chiwerengerocho "Mapiri Okwezeka Kwambiri Padziko Lonse" ndi chigawo cha Makalu. Kawirikawiri amatchedwanso wokwera wakuda. Msonkhanowu, womwe uli pafupi mamita 8485, unagonjetsedwa koyamba ndi okwera mapiri a French mu 1955.

Lhodze

Ndipotu, Lhodze ili ndi mapiri atatu osiyana. Yaikulu mwa iwo ali ndi kutalika kwa mamita 8,516. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kukwera kwa izo kunapangidwa mu 1956 ndi awiri Swiss - Fritz Luhsinger ndi Ernst Reiss. Dziwani kuti tsopano njira zitatu zokha zimadziwika pamwamba.

Kanchenjunga

Phiri la Kanchenjunga limakwera kufika mamita 8586 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ili pamalire a Nepal ndi India ndipo inagonjetsedwa koyamba mu 1955 ndi gulu la anthu okwera ku Britain omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Charles Evans. Kwa nthawi yaitali pamtsutsano kuti phiri ndilo lapamwamba kwambiri pa dziko lapansi, lingaliro lopambana linali kuti kwenikweni Kanchenjunga. Komabe, atatha kufufuza kwa nthawi yayitali, anasamukira ku malo achitatu muyeso.

Chogori

Kumalire a China ndi Nepal ndi phiri la mamita 861 pamwamba. Ndilo lachiwiri mndandanda wa mapiri apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo amatchedwa Chogori. Mu 1954, Italiya Aquila Compagnoni ndi Lino Lacedaelli anakhala anthu oyambirira kukwera. Pamwamba ndi zovuta kukwera. Imfa pakati pa anthu okwerera pamwamba omwe amakula ndi pafupifupi 25%.

Everest

Yankho la funso lomwe phiri ndilo lapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi likudziwika kwa wophunzira aliyense wa sekondale. Iye ndi Everest, wotchedwanso Jomolungma. Chilumbachi ndi mamita 8848 ndipo chili pakati pa Nepal ndi China. Kuyesera kuligonjetsa chaka ndi chaka kumapangidwa ndi okwera 500. Woyamba, yemwe anatha kutero, mu 1953 anali Edmund Hillary wochokera ku New Zealand, yemwe anali limodzi ndi Sherp wotchedwa Tenzing Norgay.

Mapiri okwera kwambiri a makontinenti

Malo apamwamba a North America ndi McKinley Mountain 6194 mamita pamwamba. Iwo amatchulidwa ndi mtsogoleri wa America ndipo ali pamtunda wa Alaska. Chiwongere choyamba ku msonkhanowo ndi cha 7 Juni 1913.

Mapiri apamwamba kwambiri a South America ndi mapiri aatali kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Andes. Ili pamtunda uwu kugawo la Argentina ndilo malo apamwamba kwambiri ku kontinenti ndi makontinenti onse a ku America - Aconcagua (mamita 6962). Tisaiwale kuti chigwachi ndi phiri lalikulu kwambiri lopanda mapiri padziko lapansi. Zimatengedwa ngati chinthu chokwanira chokwera chokwanira. Yoyamba ya iwo inalembedwa mu 1897.

Kilimanjaro, pamtunda wa mamita 5,895, ndi phiri lalikulu kwambiri ku Africa, lomwe liri kumpoto chakummawa kwa Tanzania. Kuyamba koyamba kunapangidwa mu 1889 ndi munthu wina wochokera ku Germany, Hans Meyer. Tiyenera kudziwika kuti Kilimanjaro ndi phiri lophulika. Malingana ndi deta ina, ntchito yake yomalizira inachitika zaka 200 zapitazo.

Elbrus ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri osati ku Russia, koma ku Ulaya konse. Kunja ndi mapiri a mapiri awiri ogona, omwe anatha zaka 50 BC. Kutalika kwa chigawo chakummawa ndi mamita 5621, ndi kumadzulo - mamita 5642. Kuyamba kwabwino kwa munthu kwa mmodzi wa iwo kunayambira mu 1829.

Mapiri apamwamba kwambiri a Eurasia ndi dziko lonse lapansi akuyikidwa mu Himalaya. Iwo adakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane kale.

Malo okwera kwambiri a Australia ndi Oceania amadziwika kuti Mountain Punchak Jaya. Ili pa gawo la chilumba cha New Guinea ndipo ili ndi mamita 4884 mamitala. Mu kumasuliridwa kwenikweni kuchokera ku Indonesian, dzina limatanthauza "chigonjetso cha chigonjetso". Woyenda ku Dutch, dzina lake Jan Karstens, anatsegula mu 1623, ndipo chigawo choyamba chinali cha 1962.

Mapiri apamwamba kwambiri a Antarctica ndi Vinson Massif. Ponena za kukhalapo kwake kunadziwika kokha mu 1957. Chifukwa chakuti adapezeka ndi oyendetsa ndege a ku America, adatchulidwa ndi mmodzi mwa apolisi otchuka kwambiri a dziko lino - Karl Vinson. Malo apamwamba kwambiri a pamtunda ali pamtunda wa mamita 4892 pamwamba pa nyanja.