Kodi kugwa: Zifukwa miyeso maphunziro ndi chitetezo

Anthu okhala m'madera a mapiri, akudziŵa bwino zimenezi kugwa. Pali chinthu wamba, koma ndithu aakulu, kungachititse kuti chiwonongeko choopsa ndi imfa ya moyo.

Monga n'kugwa anapanga

Izi chodabwitsa zachilengedwe ndi kulekana mofulumira ndi kusamuka kwa thanthwe pansi zotsatira yokoka pa otsetsereka rollover, onongani, umene pansi pa chigwa ladzala ndi zinyalala. Nthawi zina m'chilango ikuluikulu yolimba, akulimbana m'kati kugwera zidutswa ambiri yaing'ono, osatembenukira ku rockfall a. Ukulu wa kugumuka mwina malire osiyana - kuchokera kugwa kwa tating'ono ting'ono la thanthweli ndi misa yaikulu kwambiri kiyubiki mamita ambirimbiri.

Pali zifukwa zambiri kugwa chifukwa cha kufooka kwa miyala, kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwawo, mapangidwe ming'alu chifukwa cha weathering, leaching wa pansi nthaka ndi madzi pamwamba. Zimenezi zimakhudza dongosolo miyala ya mtunda, kenaka utentha mamba, ndi kuti Mbali yaikulu ntchito anthu kotsutsana ndi malamulo a ntchito yomanga ndi migodi.

Gawo

Kugumuka yodziwika ndi ndondomeko linanena bungwe (voliyumu ya kugwa misa thanthwe), ndi sikelo anasonyeza kumatanthauza m'deralo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo anawagawa buku ochepa amene si kuposa 5 mamita ^3, ang'ono (5 mpaka 50 mamita ^3), sing'anga (50 kuti 1000 mamita ³⁾ ndi lalikulu (zoposa 1000 mamita ^3). Chitsanzo cha zimene chotero kugwa lonse chimphona, anasonyeza caving mu Pamirs mu chaka cha 1911, buku la umene unali pafupi 2 bn mamita ^3.

Malinga anasonyeza lonse kusiyanitsa chachikulu (zoposa 100 m), sing'anga (50 mpaka 100 m) ndi ang'ono (5 mpaka 50 m) ndi ang'ono (5 m) n'kugwa.

Zotsatira za kugumuka

The owopsa ndi katundu miyala, amene anakomoka ndipo anagwa kuchokera otsetsereka, akhoza kufafaniza kapena lembani ngakhale kapangidwe kwambiri cholimba. Iwo amapatsa madera ozungulira, nthawi zina kubisala pansi pa midzi yonse, malo ulimi ndi nkhalango. Nthawi zina zigumukire awa, mudslides kuwononga mabanki mtsinje, lomwe likuoneka kuti chigumula, kubweretsa palibe kuwonongeka zazing'ono kwa chilengedwe ndi chuma cha dziko. zochitika izi zoopsa si zoipa okha chuma, kungachititse kuti imfa ya miyoyo anthu, komanso chifukwa nthawi zambiri kusintha malo.

chigumukire

Ndi kugumuka iwonso ndi zochita. Iwo zimachitika okwera kumene chisanu anasonkhanitsa nthawi zina ipitirirabe pansi mu mawonekedwe a chigumukire ndi. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri malo otsetsereka forestless, otsetsereka si madigiri zosakwana 140. Mu chisanu yaikulu misa ikuyenda pa liwiro la 30 100 m / s kuwononga njira zomangamanga ake tulo ndi phiri kudutsa msewu. Wagwidwa njira zake, alendo, okhala m'midzi, ndipo anthu ena akhoza yokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Kuwomba kuchokera zimakhudzanso chigumukire akhoza kukhala matani 50 pa mita lalikulu. Chotero masoka achilengedwe mu Russia nthawi zambiri zimachitika pa Kola Peninsula, ndi North Caucasus, ndi Urals, Far East ndi Western Siberia.

The kutsogolera kwa chigumukire akanakhoza kupereka tima kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa, kunagwa chipale chofewa, moyo wautali komanso zivomezi ndi aliyense kusinthasintha kwambiri mu mlengalenga, ndi chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.

kusamala

Anthu okhala mapiri, zimadziŵa kuti zimenezi kugwa ndipo, monga ulamuliro, anagwira ntchito zina kulimbikitsa madera a nyumba kuteteza. okwerera Hydrometeorological ndi posts akuyenera yake kudziwitsa anthu za kuopsa kugwirizana ndi malo ndi anakomoka, ndi zone zochita zawo.

Kuika wa njanji mu okwera amafuna chizindikiritso mosamala m'madera ovutika chifukwa kugumuka kuzipewa n'kotheka. Makamaka otsetsereka pa kumanga misewu anaika mwala. Akuphwanya kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha miyala, malangizo a ming'alu kuteteza kukhetsa wa overlying wosanjikiza.

Kuchita mwambo kugwa ndi

masoka achilengedwe monga kugumuka kapena zigumukire zingakhale ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Choncho, kulowa zokhudza kuopseza awo zotheka, tonse a m'gawo anthu ndi chuma, komanso ziweto anasamutsidwa ku malo otetezeka.

Izi zichitike mogwirizana ndi njira anakhazikitsa. Ngati nthawi ilipo, pamaso achoke ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito kukonzekera - kuchotsa katundu onse m'nyumba, anatseka zitseko ndi mawindo mwamphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti zimitsani magetsi, madzi ndi mpweya.

Za kuopsa anthu kuchenjedzana wina ndi mzake. Ndi kuopseza ndi kuchoka Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga mwadzidzidzi ikuchitika malo otsetsereka otetezedwa kapena zitunda. Kupita kwa iwo, sikutheka kusuntha mwa m'zigwa, zigwa ndi zamkati, kuti kugwa mu njirayo ya zinyalala otaya.

Back malo wapachiyambi pamene mapeto kugwa kapena Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga kayendedwe, zitha kukhala kwathunthu kuonetsetsa pakalibe kuopseza. Only mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kuchita kusaka kusowa anthu ndi thandizo kwa anthu ovutika. Podziwa kuti wotereyo kugwa a m'deralo okwera kawirikawiri amadziwa mmene zinthu zochitika zofanana ndi wokonzeka nthawi iliyonse mwamsanga kumunyamula ndi kuchoka ku malo otetezeka.