Nthawi of Ancient Lazaro, malo chikhalidwe, mndandanda kufotokoza

Nthawi ya Russia wakale, kumene zipilala chikhalidwe ndi nkhani ya takambiranazi - ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri mbiri za dziko, monga ndiye maziko a statehood, chikhalidwe, ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe nyumba, umene zinaonetsera olembedwa, magwero ofukula zinthu zakale ndi kamangidwe kake.

General maonekedwe a chi

Chikhazikitso cha kasamalidwe ka boma kusanduka mu masiku a Russia wakale. Manda a lothandiza a chikhalidwe chidwi kuti analingalira maziko maganizo a achinyamata anthu Russian, wachita anatembenukira kwa Orthodoxy. A udindo waukulu m'chilengedwe chawo ankaimba akalonga kanthu, nthawi zambiri chinathandiza nyumba mwala, kulemba mbiri, yomanga nyumba zaboma ndi kuziteteza cholinga. Kenako, kuyamba anadutsa ndi anthu, makamaka kwa anthu m'tauni, amene kawirikawiri ku matchalitchi awo ndalama zokha anamangapo kachisi. Chofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko iyi nyimbo ndi Greek chikoka chikhalidwe. ambuye Byzantine akhala omanga misewu ambiri, komanso ophunzitsidwa kwambiri a Russian, amene kutengera malamulo ndi miyambo yawo, anayamba kulenga nyumba zawo wapadera.

akachisi mtundu

Akale Lazaro zipilala chikhalidwe amene makamaka ukufanizidwa ndi kumanga mpingo, mwamwambo analandira tsiku Mongolian zapakati pa 9 m'ma 13 oyambirira, koma monzama ntchito mfundo anapatsidwa ndi mazana za mtsogolo. zomangamanga Russian analandira mwambo Byzantine, kotero Russian zomangamanga mpingo, mfundo mobwerezabwereza zizindikiro zawo. Komabe, mu dziko lathu makamaka yogawa walandira kumanga mipingo woyera mwala wa amakona anayi ndi theka-zozungulira mzikiti m'malo ndi shlemoobrazny. Ambuye zambiri kulenga Zithunzi ndi frescoes. akachisi makamaka chetyrehstolpnyh, kawirikawiri anakumana ndi mizati isanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu anali ofanana. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anali naves atatu.

Mpingo woyambirira

Nthawi ya Russia wakale, manda chikhalidwe amene inextricably zogwirizana ndi ubatizo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity Orthodox, anakhala heyday ntchito yomanga Adamanga kachisi. Mndandanda wa nyumba izi ayenera kupangidwa ofunika kwambiri, yomanga zomwe wakhala chinthu chokhudza mbiri, ndipo chinali chiyambi cha zomangamanga zina. Munthu woyamba yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri akachisi anakhala Mpingo wa Mfundo za Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa, amene analandira yotchuka kudziwika monga Limodzi monga Prince makamaka allocated limodzi la magawo khumi la ndalama zawo izo. Linamangidwa pansi Vladimir Svyatoslavich woyera amene anabatizidwa dziko Russian.

Features

Ofukula kovuta kuti abwezeretse maonekedwe ake apachiyambi, koma anasunga ena deta monga sitampu Greek njerwa, chokongoletsera nsangalabwi, pansi zithunzi, kunena kuti pomanga zinachitikadi ambuye Greek. Pa nthawi yomweyo anasunga zolembedwa Chisililiki ndi matailosi ceramic kulola kulankhula za kutenga nawo mbali pomanga Asilavo. mpingo inamangidwa monga nyumba mtanda ozungulira pa mwambo Byzantine ovomerezeka.

Akachisi a m'ma 11

Nthawi ya Russia wakale, kumene zipilala chikhalidwe kutsimikizira kufalikira mofulumira ndi umwana cha Orthodox mu dziko lathu, anali ndi nthawi ya nyumba yogwira mipingo, osiyana kukula, kapangidwe dongosolo. The chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri kachisi pa mndandanda - ndi St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev. Linamangidwa mu ulamuliro Yaroslava Mudrogo, ndipo amayenera kukhala malo aakulu achipembedzo cha mphamvu zatsopano. Mbali yache ndi kukhalapo kwa makwaya lalikulu. Iye ali khumi ndi zitatu domes ndi mawindo. Pakati ndicho pansipa - anthu ang'onoang'ono anayi, ndiyeno pali wina eyiti domes ang'onoang'ono. The tchalitchi ali nsanja miyendo awiri awiri, gawo ndi umodzi-gawo zomera. Mkati muli Zithunzi ndi frescoes.

Cross-ozungulira mipingo wakale Lazaro anakhala ambiri m'dziko lathu. nyumba ina yofunika anali Mpingo wa Akukwera Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Iwo anali naves atatu, yaikulu mkati ndi mzikiti. Iye litaphulitsidwa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndipo kenako kumangidwanso mu Chiyukireniya miyambo Baroque.

zomangamanga Novgorod

Luso chikhalidwe Russian zosiyanasiyana kalembedwe ndi dongosolo. akachisi Novgorod ndi mipingo ndi mbali zawo wapadera kuti amakulolani kuunikila ichi monga mwambo wapadera m'mbiri ya zomangamanga zoweta. Payokha, mu mndandanda wa nyumba wakale ayenera allocated Sophia Cathedral, omwe yaitali likulu achipembedzo a dziko. Iye ali domes asanu, miyendo nsanja. Domes athandiza zisoti. makomawo anamanga miyala, mkati ndi ofanana ndi mpingo Kiev, arches amafikira, koma m'madera ena akhala akukonza ndi zosabvuta pang'ono zimene anali kukhala mbali khalidwe la zomangamanga mzindawo.

Mfiti poyamba anatsanzira zitsanzo Kiev, koma kenako Novgorod zomangamanga analandira mawonekedwe wapachiyambi chifukwa mbali yapadera ndi mosavuta maonekedwe. akachisi awo ndi wamfupi, wamfupi koma wojintcha ndipo chomasuka kamangidwe. Modzi wa Mipingo wotchuka mu kalembedwe izi - ndi Chiwalitsiro Church Nereditsa. Ndi yosavuta, koma ali ndi maonekedwe olemekezeka kwambiri. Iwo ali kukula yaing'ono, izo ziribe chokongoletsera kunja, mzere ndi lophweka. zizindikiro zimenezi ndi khalidwe la Novgorod akachisi, maonekedwe a lomwe ngakhale zimaonetseratu ena disproportion kuti zimawachititsa wapadera.

Nyumba mizinda ina

Zipilala Nizhny Novgorod alinso mndandanda wa nyumba wotchuka wakale. Modzi wa Mipingo wodzipereka kwa woyera mneneri Eliya. Linamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 16 pokumbukira mzinda kuti tichotse nkhondo ya Chitata ndi Nogai. Poyamba zinali matabwa, koma pambuyo pake, mu m'ma 17, anamangidwanso ku mwala. Mu 19 tchalitchi m'zaka za mzikiti wina linadzamangidwanso mu zisanu ozungulira, amene anapereka dzina kwa msewu mu mzinda.

Zipilala Nizhny Novgorod zatenga malo apamwamba mu mbiri ya zomangamanga zoweta. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri - ndi Mikayeli Mkulu wa Angelo Cathedral, anamanga m'zaka 13. Ilo linali loyera-mwala mpingo ndi zipilala 4 3 apses.

Choncho, mzinda wa mayiko ena ndi fiefdoms akhalanso malo yogwira ntchito yomanga nyumbazo. miyambo yawo kusiyana ndi mbali awo oyambirira ndi wapadera. Mpingo wa St. Nicholas Nadeina Yaroslavl - wapadera mpingo kwa zaka za m'ma 17. Iwo anamangidwira pa magombe a mtsinje wa Volga ndipo anali woyamba mwala mpingo mu mzinda wa mzinda.

Anayambika ndi wamalonda Nadia Sveteshnikov, kenako amalonda ambiri ndi amisiri anayamba kumanga mpingo. Maziko a mpingo anaukitsidwa pokwera, pamwamba anali domes asanu pa wochepa makosi ng'oma. Mpingo wa St. Nicholas Nadeina ali iconostasis wapadera. Linapangidwa kalembedwe Baroque ndipo m'malo m'zaka za m'ma 18 pa wakale.

mtengo

Choncho, zomangamanga wakale ndi wapadera mu makhalidwe ake, kalembedwe ndi zamkati. Choncho, ali ndi malo otchuka osati chikhalidwe dziko, komanso luso ambiri m'dzikoli. Choncho, pa nthawi ino ndi kofunika kwambiri kuteteza mbiri. Ambiri a iwo anapulumuka, ena zinawonongedwa pankhondoyo, kotero kuti ofukula zamakono lokonza kofunika kwambiri yokonzanso awo ndi makonzedwe.