Mbiri zaka zakubadwa wa jazi ndi yotsatira yake

A m'zaka za jazi dzina lake Francis Scott Fitzgerald makumi Mu zaka zapitazo. Wolemba kwambiri, akutama ya nyimbo ndi mlengalenga amabala panopa amaona ngati azimuth mafashoni, umene posachedwapa kupereka njira yatsopano, ndi kuiwala ndi nthawi. Mwamwayi, izo sizinachitike, ndi mbiri ya jazi anapitiriza.

Maluwa a nyimbo chinachititsa kuti malonda kujambula. marekodi nthochi ndi nyimbo za akatswiri otchuka pa dziko anayamba kumwazikana Mabaibulo.

Ndi angati kwambiri zikayenda chikhalidwe, jazi - nyimbo amene anapambana mitima ya omvera m'maiko onse, ali anatuluka monga kaphatikizidwe a. Kayendedwe ka linachokera kwa Africa ndi akapolo, ndi nyimbo poyamba anali European.

Pa kutaya asangalatsi woyamba wa mogwirizana lodabwitsa kalembedwe sikunali kusankha lonse la zida: harmonica, gitala, banjo. Izi zikachitika, mawu anakhala njira yofunika ya mawu. Songs thonje pickers mu US South, anatchula chifukwa cha minda chosaneneka. Mitu nyimbo, ndipo ambiri mwa yatsikira kwa nthawi yathu, anali wodzichepetsa, ndipo wamkulu anali n'kutamanda Ambuye, m'kukoma nyimbo, spirituals.

Kugwira lingathe malonda zodabwitsazi mwangwiro American chikhalidwe, ali accompanists chidwi ndi ofalitsa mbiri. Pa ndime ndi asangalatsi wakuda anayamba kuoneka woyera. Pamaziko a maganizo ndi gospellov anayamba kulemba manambala soda ndi zipangizo, makamaka mphepo, anapereka phokoso wolemera. Atasinthidwa kayimbidwe - akhala amtopola, kutchuka kwa mmasate chinapeza sinkopicheskie ripple, yopambana sedate mipiringidzo Dixieland. Mbiri ya jazi 30s-40s chikugwirizana ndi mayina a Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Ella Fitzgerald ndi oimba ena otchuka.

Iyo inali nthawi ya magulu chachikulu, ndiye oimba lalikulu limene panalinso ambiri ophunzira. mgwirizano chofunika kalunzanitsidwe ndi ulamuliro. Monga ulamuliro, mutu wa yopuma azipereka ankaimba maudindo kutsogolera. Makonzedwe zotchulidwa mosamala, koma pa nthawi zina amabwera mu katswiri improvisation. Kukwanitsa payekha anali zimene jazi asangalatsi wosiyana oimba ena. Big gulu ankaimba pachimake.

Mu makumi asanu ndi latsopano achinyamata nyimbo - kugwedezeka 'n' mpukutu umene anatengera yambiri ya jazi - mungoli, kuyesetsa mukupeka maganizo mogwirizana ndi digiri yapamwamba ya expressiveness. Kwenikweni, anali maganizo omwewo, koma pang'ono inapita patsogolo, ndi ka pa mbali yachiwiri ndi wachinayi mwanzeru. Zinaoneka kuti mbiri ya jazi zinatha, koma apo icho chinali.

Kalembedwe otukuka, amasonyeza umoyo osowa. Deyv Brubek, Kaunt Beysi, zina kuti adzipeza zina kuti adzipeza Mfumu ndi asangalatsi ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo Armstrong ndi Ella Fitzgerald anapitiriza kusangalala bwino ndi kutchuka yaikulu.

A chodabwitsa kwambiri makamaka masiku ano nyimbo chikhalidwe anakhala nyimbo za inde - George Gershwin lopangidwa angapo zidutswa nyimbo chifukwa nthetemya yana. Wake "American ku Paris", "Rhapsody in Blue" ndipo, ndithudi, sewero la "Porgy ndi Bess" anakhala zapamwamba.

Mbiri ya jazi wakhala anapitiriza ndi chidwi Wolemba Leonardom Bernstaynom.

Mu zaka zao za sikisite kalembedwe amatilimbikitsa mumaganiza latsopano, otlichaashimisya mkulu mlingo wa improvisation. Komabe, izi "otentha" zosiyanasiyana sikudali kutero latsopano, Charlie Parker kumbuyo mu makumi anai ndi ntchito mwanjira imeneyi.

Masiku ano jazi salinso kuonedwa ngati chodabwitsa yekha American, anthu padziko lonse.

nkhani yake akupitiriza. Chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aliyense wokonda nyimbo akhoza kusankha kwa udzakhala sanakonde wake.