Tuffs chiphala: katundu ndi ntchito

Kodi ntchito kungakhale kuchokera kuphulitsa mapiri? Koyamba, ndi masoka achilengedwe, zomwe zimachititsa kuti n'kovuta, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kwathunthu zimandiwumitsa moyo pafupi. Koma ngati zinthuzo ndi mosalephera, n'zotheka kupeza ena phindu - chifukwa pali chiphala tuffs. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku amenewa ndi osavuta kupeza chifukwa cha katundu yake yapadera. Ndi chiyani icho?

Tuffs: thupi katundu

Monga mankhwala a zotupa moti chiphala, iwo akhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Komanso kumasintha ndi osalimba, kumene kumakhudza kuthekera ntchito zinthu izi kwa cholinga makamaka. Ngakhale limodzi mfundo pafupi tuffs chiphala mwina nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu wa kuphulika ndi kholo thanthwe.

Komabe, chinthu chimodzi chofanana pa mitundu yonse ya chuma ndi nthawi porosity. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chiphala mwala ndi sintered zinyalala chabwino ndi zatsalira kwa phulusa ndi mchenga. Choncho, iwo ali madzi kwambiri ndi kukana chisanu, komanso lightness. Monga kulamulira, tufa ndipo akadali ndi zofewa, ngakhale zimadalira chitsanzo yeniyeni. Mbali imeneyi kunapangitsa kuti kusamalira mtundu wa thanthwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zovuta - kudzera mwa chochekera ndi nkhwangwa. Motero mphamvu chiphala tuffs si wolephera Mwachitsanzo, lubwe. Koma ophatikizana katundu wa chinthu apamwamba.

Dzinali anayambira tofus Latin - kotero lomwe tsopano kum'mwera Italy wotchedwa miyala yonse monga zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale lero ndi chimodzi mwa olemera kwambiri padziko tuff lapansi.

kapangidwe

Monga ulamuliro, tuff limodzi ndi kutsanulidwa kwa ndale kapena acidic lavas ndi viscous. Phula kupanga thanthwe zofunika kawirikawiri pamene kuphulika m'madzi. Iwo mwachilungamo mosavuta kuphwanyaphwanya dongo.

Popeza munda kuphulika angagone mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chomaliza mankhwala osiyanasiyana mu zikuchokera: muli basalt zambiri, liparitovyh, trachyte, andesite ndi tinthu ena.

mitundu

Malinga zifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga mtundu ndi malo a mapangidwe thanthwe kholo, katundu tuff angakhale osiyana. Izi zimaonekera osati pa misa ndi osalimba, komanso mtundu.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu phale la nkhaniyi ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri: m'chilengedwe pali mwina onse mithunzi - kuchokera woyera ndi mkaka kwa Kamaoneka, woderapo, imvi wakuda. Komabe, yotsirizira n'zochepa kwambiri.

Osati nthawi zonse tuff osiyana kachulukidwe otsika ndi softness - pa spresovyvanii yaitali akhoza kenako lidzasinthidwa zinthu anataya porosity ake ndi angafanane katundu ngakhale ndi obsidian.

gawo

Mwina zosiyanasiyana odziwika bwino tuff, amene ncho pafupi ndi tauni ya Artik ku Armenia. Komanso, pali munda waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse kawetedwe bwino kuzindikira chifukwa khalidwe mtundu violet-pinki. madipoziti Local ndi yaikulu - wosanjikiza wa mamita 6-7 lagona chabe masentimita ochepa nthaka. Mu Armenia, pali chinthu chinanso miyala - Ani, kumene amapangira lachikasu lalanje tuff.

Palinso yokulirapo kufufuza madipoziti pafupi Naples ndi Roma, Iceland, African Republic la Cape Verde. madipoziti zochepa yaikulu zili Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Kamchatka latsopano la Russia, Georgia, Iran, New Zealand, Azerbaijan, Germany, mu wotchuka Yellowstone Park mu United States. Akuluakulu padziko lonse amagulitsa mwala ndi Turkey, amenenso ali ndi nkhokwe achilengedwe.

Processing ndi tanthauzo

Monga tanenera kale, ambiri tuffs chiphala mwangwiro amenable kumeta. Mbali Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti ntchito mfundozo pamaso pa Kubwera kwa zipangizo zaulimi. Choyamba chakuti ntchito tuff kumangira nyumba. Wokongola phokoso ndi kutchinjiriza moto ndi kupangidwa zogwirika chofunika moyo. Ngakhale kutchukitsa ndi tufa kwambiri bwino zinthu, kotero kwambiri kuti ndi yoti zolinga kukongoletsa. Komanso, yonse ya tuff lolimba komanso ndithu seysmoustochivy. Kum'mwera kwa Italy ku Armenia ndipo tsopano mutha kuona mzinda wonse zomangidwa ndi njerwa. Ena nyumba ya nkhaniyi kukhala zikutsatiridwa kwa zaka zambiri, ndi zonse poyera kusinthasintha kwambiri kutentha. Kotero adzatchedwa tuff koma cholimba kwambiri.

njira ina ntchito - kuwonjezera particulate mtundu wosiyanasiyana nyimbo kumanga nyumbayo. Mwachitsanzo, ena mitundu ankagwiritsa ntchito yomanga nyumba m'madzi. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri ngati mukuyembekezera kukhudzana ndi madzi nyanja, chomwe uno thanthwe chiphala mwangwiro chimatsutsana, potero utithandize bata ndi mipweya, amene anawonjezera.

Mitundu ina ya miyala monga zina kuchepetsa kutentha kolowera konkire, potero popewa akulimbana. Nthawi zambiri, chiphala tuff ndi ntchito ziboliboli. Mwachitsanzo, mafano wotchuka Isitala Island - Moai - kudula izo kuchokera nkhaniyi. Pamlingo wamng'ono tuffs akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zazing'ono banja.

Komanso, mtundu uwu wa miyala ndipo ali drawback kwambiri ndi cholinga - sitingasinthe wopukutidwa kapena kupereka tione umenewu nsikidzi. Pamene mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwalawa, iye mwala akhakula, amene Komabe, nthawi zina kukhala mwayi.

tuff yokumba

Zikuoneka kuti chilengedwe yekha akanakhoza kulenga ngati zakuthupi wangwiro. Ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali ankaganiza kuti njira ndi. Komabe m'kupita kwa nthawi anthu aphunzira kuti chinachake chonga icho popanda nawo mapiri. Amapanga kapena gipertuf anachita ndi osakaniza mchenga, simenti ndi peat. Mu zolinga kukongoletsa kaŵirikaŵiri anawonjezera colorants. Komabe, zopangidwa ndi ofanana anasangalala kuli anthu ambiri poyerekeza ndi analogue mwachibadwa zikuchitika, ndi mwa malo ochepa ntchito kukhala kapangidwe malo.