Kodi chiŵerengero chinyezi ndi mmene amaonekera?

The madzi amayendera mu chikhalidwe - ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri mu envelopu lawolawo. Bukuli lili - okhudzana njira ziwiri: moistening padzikoli mpweya ndi evaporation therefrom mkhalidwe chinyezi. Onse njira izi ndendende anatsimikiza moisturizing chinthu gawo ina. ndi chinyezi chiŵerengero ndi mmene kuthandauza chiyani? Izi ndi zimene timaphunzira mu pepala ili woyera.

moisturizing Chinthu: Tanthauzo

Humidification m'gawo ndipo evaporation cha chinyezi kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi ndendende malo omwewo. Komabe, funso limene dampening chinthu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amakumana m'njira zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ndi mfundo ngati chiphunzitso ndi lovomerezeka m'mayiko onse. Mwachitsanzo, "mpweya-evaporation chiŵerengero" mu United States, kuti akhoza kwenikweni ndimene "Index (chiŵerengero) wetting ndi evaporation."

Komabe, zimene dampening Chinthu? Izi ndi ubale kotsimikizika pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mvula ndi mlingo evaporation m'dera limeneli kwa nthawi yeniyeni ya nthawi. Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa chiŵerengero imeneyi ndi lophweka:

K = G /,

kumene Q - kuchuluka kwa mvula (mu millimeters);

A ndi - mtengo wa evaporation (aliponso millimeters).

njira zosiyanasiyana kudziwa chiŵerengero

Kodi kudziwa chinyezi Chinthu? Pakali pano, pali pafupifupi 20 mosiyanasiyana.

Mu dziko lathu (komanso zakale Soviet Union), njira zambiri ntchito adziwe akufuna Georgiem Nikolaevichem Vysotskim. Ichi ndi chabwino Chiyukireniya wasayansi, geobotanist ndi nthaka wasayansi, woyambitsa wa sayansi ya nkhalango. Pa moyo wake analemba zoposa 200 zokhudza sayansi.

Dziwani kuti ku Ulaya ndi ku United States ntchito Tortveyta china. Komabe, njira mawerengedwe ake ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zovuta zake.

Khama la chinthu ndi

Pofuna kudziwa mlingo kwa dera sikovuta. Taganizirani izi njira chitsanzo chotsatirachi.

Popeza dera limene mukufuna kuwerengera koyefishienti wa moistening. Amadziwika kuti m'chaka malowa amalandira 900 mamilimita mvula, koma ukuphwera ku izo pa nthawi yomweyo - 600 mm. Kuwerengetsa chiŵerengero uwagawire mpweya pa evaporation, i.e. 900/600 mm. Chifukwa, ife mtengo wa 1.5. Ichi chidzakhala chinthu dampening dera.

Ivanov-dampening chinthu Vysotskiy akhoza kukhala wolingana ndi umodzi, ali pansi kapena pamwamba 1. Choncho ngati:

• K = 0, ndiye chinyezi chifukwa m'dera imatengedwa chokwanira;
• K amkulira 1, chinyezi owonjezera;
• K ndi zosakwana 1, osakwanira hydration.

Mtengo wa chizindikiro ichi, ndithudi, kudzadalira kutentha mu dera, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya mumlengalenga kwa chaka.

Chifukwa ntchito moisturizing Chinthu?

Ivanov-chinthu Vysotsky - ichi ndi chizindikiro zofunika kwambiri nyengo. Ndipotu, akhoza kupereka chithunzi cha malo madzi. chiŵerengero Izi Madongosolo a chitukuko cha ulimi, komanso chonse mapulani gawo zachuma.

Komanso Mzimuyo mlingo wa dryness wa nyengo: apamwamba ndi, nyengo ndi chinyezi. Kumadera ndi chinyezi zambiri wakhala nthawizonse chochuluka nyanja ndi madambo. zomera chimakhala chogwidwa ndi udzu ndi zomera nkhalango.

Mfundo pazipita koyefishienti khalidwe kwa madera amapiri (mamita kuposa 1000-1200). Pano, monga ulamuliro, pali owonjezera chinyezi, amene angafikire millimeters 300-500 pa chaka! Yofanana chinyezi mumlengalenga afika zone steppe kwa chaka. Koyefishienti chinyezi mu kumapiri kuti mfundo pazipita: 1.8-2.4.

chinyezi amaika ndi anatinso mu ndipo nayonso zachilengedwe, Titafika pamalo, nkhalango Titafika pamalo ndi kotentha nkhalango deciduous. Kumalo amenewa, palibe oposa 1.5 chiŵerengero. M'dera nkhalango izo ranges kuchokera 0,7 kuti 1.0, koma woyendera nthambi steppe wakhala osakwanira moistening m'dera (K = 0.3-0.6).

Osachepera mfundo wetting khalidwe la m'dera theka chipululu (za 0.2-0.3) ndi zone mchipululu (0,1).

Koyefishienti chinyezi mu Russia

Russia - Dziko lalikulu, lomwe amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana nyengo. Ngati ife kulankhula za hydration chiŵerengero, phindu lake mkati Russia zimasiyanasiyana kwa 0,3 kwa 1.5. Chinyezi kwambiri zochepa anati m'dera Caspian (za 0,3). Mu steppe ndi zone nkhalango-steppe ndi pang'ono apamwamba - 0.5-0.8. Zolemba malire hydration khalidwe-Titafika pamalo dera, komanso kuti madera phiri Caucasus, Altai Ural.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chimene dampening china. Izi si chizindikiro zofunika, zomwe n'chofunikira zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko ndi ulimi. Chinthu ichi zimadalira mfundo ziwiri kuchuluka kwa mvula ndipo evapotranspiration mabuku pa nthawi yeniyeni ya nthawi.