Kayendedwe ka madzi mu chikhalidwe

The madzi amayendera mu chikhalidwe, amatchedwanso kuzungulira hydrologic limafotokoza za kayendedwe mosalekeza wa madzi padziko lapansi, ndi pamwamba ndi pansi. Ngakhale muyezo wa madzi pa dziko lingokhalabe pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa pa nthawi, munthu mamolekyulu madzi apite mu chikhalidwe cha izo. Madzi chimachititsanso Mwachitsanzo ku mtsinje kapena nyanja ku nyanja mu mlengalenga kudzera njira thupi monga evaporation, condensation, mpweya, kusalola, kuda, ndi kudzera utuluke pansi. madzi chimadutsa nthawi zosiyana: madzi, olimba (ayezi) ndi gaseous (nthunzi).

Madzi amayendera zikuphatikizapo kutentha kutengerapo, imbaenda kusintha kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, pamene madzi vaporizes, izo zimatenga kutentha kwa chilengedwe ndi akamazizira izo. Pamene iko kumaundanitsa, limapereka kuchokera kutentha ndi likamatenthetsa chilengedwe. kutentha amakhudza nyengo. Kayendedwe ka madzi mu chikhalidwe Palinso njira Geological Padziko Lapansi (kukokoloka ndi sedimentation). Ndipo potsiriza, uyamiko kwa Iye, moyo thandizo ndi kukhazikika mwa zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi.

mafotokozedwe

The madzi amayendera m'chilengedwe ana wayamba kulongosola ngakhale kusukulu ya pulayimale, kotero aliyense amadziwa kuti dzuwa, chifukwa kumachitika, likamatenthetsa madzi m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. madzi ukuphwera ndi mpweya umalowa mpweya. Ice ndi chisanu akhoza sublimate mwachindunji mu nthunzi ya madzi, anyalanyaza gawo madzi. Komanso evaporation wa madzi zomera ndi nthaka.

Updrafts kwezani nthunzi kwa mlengalenga kutentha otsika kupangitsa iwo condense mu mitambo. Air mafunde kunyamula nthunzi ya madzi pa dziko, mitambo adzawombana, kukula, ndi madzi ukugwa kuchokera zigawo chapamwamba mpweya wa mu mawonekedwe a mpweya. Ena a iwo akhoza kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a zisoti ayezi ndi mitsinje, zimene zimasunga madzi achisanu kwa zaka. Ambiri mwa madzi amagwa mu nyanja kapena pa dziko mu maonekedwe a mvula, runoff kupanga. Wa runoff ku mitsinje ndi ndiye - m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Mvula ndi pansi pang'ono pamodzi nyanja madzi oyera. Komabe, ambiri odzipereka mu nthaka ndi infiltrates: likulowerera pansi ndi nazo aquifers, ndiwo malo a madzi abwino. M'maso akhoza kufupi pamwamba, ndi madzi akhoza seep kumbuyo - akasupe kotero anapanga. Komabe, pa nthawi madzi akubwereranso ku nyanja, kumene onse anayamba.

Njira imene madzi amayendera amapezeka mu chilengedwe:

mpweya

Ambiri a mvula imagwera monga mvula. Mitundu ina: chipale chofewa, matalala, chifunga, Matalala Osungunuka ndi grits. The mpweya pachaka za 505.000 makilomita kiyubiki wa madzi mu mawonekedwe a mpweya.

kudutsana wa mpweya

Chamvula, amene intercepted zomera masamba, kenako ukuphwera mmbuyo mu mlengalenga, ndipo musati kugwa pansi.

kusungunula madzi

Mvula ochokera kusungunuka chisanu.

kukhetsa

njira zosiyanasiyana zimene madzi ukuyenda pa nthaka. Izi zimakhala paulimi ndi pansi. Madzi seep mu nthaka, asanduke nthunzi mu mpweya, kusungidwa mu nyanja ndi malo kapena kuigwiritsa ntchito pa ulimi ndi zina.

kusalola

madzi Seepage padziko lapansi.

mitsinje mobisa

The otaya madzi pansi, mu zoni vadose ndi aquifers. Pansi angathe kubwerera pamwamba kapena patapita seep mu nyanja. Pansi amamuchititsa kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kudzadza pang'onopang'ono, kuti tingakhale pa aquifers kwa zaka.

evaporation

Kutembenuka kwa madzi kuchokera madzi boma gaseous, limene limayenda padziko dziko kapena madzi matupi mkhalidwe. mphamvu kwa nthunzi makamaka cheza dzuwa. Chiwerengero cha evaporation - za 505.000 makilomita kiyubiki madzi pa chaka.

sublimation

Kusintha mwachindunji ku gawo olimba (chisanu kapena ayezi) mu nthunzi.

mafunsidwe

Izi kutembenuka nthunzi mwachindunji mu ayezi.

advection

Kayendedwe ka madzi - mu mawonekedwe olimba, madzi kapena gaseous - kudzera m'mlengalenga.

condensation

Kutembenuka nthunzi madzi m'malovu madzi madzi mu mlengalenga, mapangidwe mitambo ndi chifunga.

evaporation

Zokolola ya nthunzi ya madzi zomera ndi nthaka mu mlengalenga.

seepage

The otaya madzi horizontally kudzera nthaka ndi miyala pansi kanthu yokoka.

The madzi amayendera mu chikhalidwe ndi chifukwa dzuwa mphamvu. 86% ya evaporation lonse limapezeka padziko nyanja.

Kayendedwe ka madzi biosphere wa - mkombero amuzolengedwa, kuyambira bere ndi udindo pafupifupi onse kayendedwe ka matope linasokoneza ndi phosphorous m'dziko matupi madzi.