Rogozhskaya Sloboda: akachisi, zithunzi, momwe mungapitire kumeneko?

Kodi mukuganiza kuti okhulupirira akale ku Russia amapezeka kokha kupyola mumtsinje? Ayi ndithu! Mutha kudziŵa bwino njira ya kholo la moyo wa okhulupilira ku Moscow. Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda. Kamodzi kankaonedwa kukhala kumudzi. Mu 1783 padakhazikitsidwa nsanamira ya pamsewu, komwe adajambula: "Ku Moscow - maili awiri." Komabe, tsopano Rogozhskaya Sloboda - pafupifupi pakati pa mzindawo. Kodi mungapeze bwanji? Nchiyani chimene mukusowa kuti muwone kuti mudzidzidzire mu chikhalidwe cha Okhulupirira Aakulu a Popovites? Kodi ndizitali ziti zomwe muyenera kuyendera? Nkhani yathu idzafotokoza za izo. Koma choyamba tidzanena za mbiriyakale iyi. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.

Posadalira ophunzitsa

Ku Moscow, monga mumzinda wina uliwonse, anthu omwe anali ndi ntchito imodzimodziyo ankakonda kukhala pafupi. Kotero, panali misewu pa "masitolo": Myasnitskaya, Goncharnaya ndi zina zotero. Kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi, ntchito yatsopano inapezeka ku Russia - wophunzira. Poyamba anthu awa anapereka makalata a mfumu, iwo anali amithenga, komabe, ndi "galimoto" yawo. Pambuyo pake, ochita masewerawa anayamba kuchita "kayendetsedwe kake", akupereka katundu ndi okwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Pasanapite nthawi yaitali kunali kochuluka kwambiri moti anagawidwa pamsewu. Awo omwe adasankha ulendo wochokera ku Moscow kupita kumudzi wa Old Rogozhsky Yam, adakhala kunja kwa Belokamennaya, pafupi ndi cholinga chowombola anthu ndi katundu. Awa anali pafupi ndi mudzi wa Andronikha, womwe uli kumbali ya kumanzere kwa mtsinje wa Yauza. Kenako, mzinda wakale wa Rogozhsky Yam unadzakhala mzinda wa Bogorodsky, umene unkatchedwa dzina la Noginsk ku Soviet times. Ndipo Rogozhskaya Sloboda, yomwe imakhala ndi madalaivala, omwe amagwira ntchito imeneyi, sanasinthe dzina lake. Koma ulemerero wa "dziko loyera" kumbuyo kwake unakhalabe.

Pakatikati mwa nyumba zakale zaku nyumba

Kwa nthawi yaitali mizinda yonse komanso midzi inali ndi makoma amphamvu. Pakatikati pa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, Moscow idazungulira ndi nyumba yaikulu ya Chamber-College, yomwe ili pa mtunda wa makilomita 32. Dzina lake iye analandira kuchokera ku zakuti pa zipata zosiyana panali malo ena. Analipira ndalama zogulitsa katundu. Ndinali woyang'anira Chamber-Collegium, yomwe inamanga chitsulo. Ndipo mzindawo wodulidwa unadutsa ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda. M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, kufunikira kwa makoma ndi mphambano kunagwa. M'malo mwa malo akale, magulu anakhazikitsidwa pa malo omwe madyerero ndi misika zinakhazikitsidwa masiku osiyanasiyana.

Malo otchuka kwambiri amalonda anali Rogozhskaya Sloboda, yomwe inkaima pa tsamba lalikulu la Vladimir. Pofika pa nthawi pachiyambi cha chilungamo, amalondawo anadza patsogolo. Kumene kuli kofunikira, pali kupereka. Sloboda idakhazikitsidwa mwakhama ndi nyumba zogona, kuyankhula m'chinenero chamakono, motels, kumene amalonda omwe anafika angalowemo popanda kulowa mumzinda. Posakhalitsa nyumba zamamchchitskih kuno zachepetsedwa. Pamodzi ndi mabwalo ndi malo osungiramo katundu, nyumba zabwino za amalonda zinaonekera.

Okhulupirira Akale

Zakachitika kuti kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ndiko kuti, kuchokera ku chilengedwe cha Rogozhskaya Sloboda, anthu anayamba kukhazikika mmenemo, kuchotsedwa ku tchalitchi cha Russian patriarchal. Okhulupirira Akale ankaona kuti chipembedzo chatsopano ndi mpatuko ndipo amatsatira kwambiri njira yawo ya moyo. Izi zinapereka umboni wake pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zakale za Rogozhskaya Sloboda, chithunzi chomwe sichinapulumutse, chinali dziko lotsekedwa, losiyana kwambiri ndi lonse la Moscow.

Anagawanika ndi likulu la mtsinje wa Yauza. M'misewu yayitali yowongoka inali ndi nyumba zamatabwa zam'mbali zam'mwamba. Zitseko zotsekedwa, osadutsa ochepa-izi zinali zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa moyo wa Moscow ... Anthu ogulitsa pasti sanasiye kwa nthawi yaitali. Maukwati anapangidwa pakati pa coreligionists okha. Mu 1790 panali anthu okwana 20,000 a mpingo wa Old Believer, ndipo mu 1825 - kale makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu.

Mbiri yatsopano ya kuthetsa

Kwa nthawi yaitali malo awa anali mtundu wotsalira. Yang'anani pa akachisi a Okhulupirira akale, manda ndi mabishopu a mabishopu ndipo manda a Morozovs ndi ma Muscovites ena amachokera kumadera ena a mzindawo. Koma pang'onopang'ono mphepo ya kusintha inakhudza Rogozhskaya Sloboda. Njanji ya Nizhny Novgorod inayikidwa, yomwe imathetsa ngolo yopanda phindu ya Iamschik.

Kwa nthawi yayitali padali siteji ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda (ndende ya msewu). Chifukwa chake omangidwawo anatumizidwa ku ukapolo. Anamangidwa m'mizere - oweruza oyambirira ndi mitu yophikidwa ndi mitsempha, ndipo omwe ali ndi mitsempha ya manja, kumbuyo - osakhalitsa okha. Mtsinje wa sitimayi unatsekedwa, kumene akazi ndi ana a akapolo anali kuyenda, komanso odwala.

Mu 1896, ofesi ya ku Rogozhka inathetsedwa. Mzerewu unatambasulidwa ku siteshoni ya sitima ya Kursk. Makamaka kusamalidwa kunasintha ndi kufika kwa mphamvu ya Soviet. Ndipo misewuyi sinatchulidwe kokha. Mipingo yambiri inaphedwa, ndipo anthu atsopano anayamba kukhazikika m'misewu. Koma mpaka pano mtsogoleri wachikulire wokonda dziko akupezeka m'dera lino la Moscow.

Makatu

Mpingo woyamba wokhulupirira wakale unamangidwa pano kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Anali mtengo ndipo anayeretsedwa polemekeza Sergiyo wa Radonezh. Mu 1776, mothandizidwa ndi amalonda, mpingo wachiwiri unamangidwa ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda - Nicholas Wonderworker. Kuwopsya kwakukulu kunayambira mu zaka za m'ma 1800 za m'ma 1800. Ndiye, mothandizidwa ndi gulu la Okhulupirira Kale, mkonzi Matvey Kozakov anamanga tchalitchi chachikulu polemekeza kupembedzera kwa amayi a Mulungu. Iye sanali wokongola kwambiri kuposa akachisi a tchalitchi cha makolo, koma oposa iwo. M'kukula kwake, idadutsa ngakhale Katolika ku Kremlin. Izi sizinawavutitse atsogoleri achipembedzo, omwe adadandaula kwa Catherine II wa schismatics. Ndipo motsogoleredwa ndi a Emperor Pokrovsky Cathedral "anafupikitsa". Mizati ya guwa inang'ambika, ndipo kuchokera pamitu isanu ya dome a Okhulupirira Oyambirira adaloledwa kupulumutsa imodzi yokha. Pambuyo pake pafupi ndikumayambiriro kwa nthawi yachisanu (kutentha) mpingo wa kubadwa kwa Khristu, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pseudo-Gothic.

Manda ndi malo ena ofunikira a Rogozhskaya Sloboda

Mu 1771, Moscow anavutika ndi mliri wa mliri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, okhulupirira akale adapempha akuluakulu a boma kuti alolere kumanda komwe angakwirire anthu a coreligionist omwe adafa ndi mliriwu. Malowa anasankhidwa kutali ndi kapepala ka Vladimir. Poyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, munthu amakhoza kuona chiboliboli pamwamba pa manda a manda a anthu ovutika ndi mliriwo. Koma ngakhale mliriwo utatha, mandawo adakumbukiridwanso ndi manda atsopano. Wachikulire Wachikristu wamkulu adakhazikitsa apa malo awo ophimbirako mabanja. Kumanda mungathe kuona manda a ogulitsa ndi amalonda a Morozovs, Rakhmanovs, Soldatenkovs, Ryabushinsky, Shelaputins ndi ena.

Mipingo ina yofunikira inamangidwanso pa ndalama za mderalo: chipatala chachipatala chinawuka panthawi ya mliriwu. Tsopano ndi chipatala cha mano. Pafupi ndi manda panali kachisi wa matabwa, umene mu 1776 unalowetsedwa ndi tchalitchi cha miyala ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda, kuunikiridwa kukumbukira St. Nicholas. Nyumba yosindikizira inakhazikitsidwa kuti ikasindikize mabuku a Old Believer, almshouse, chipatala, sukulu ya aphunzitsi. M'makalata omaliza S. S. Bulakov, A. Kizaveter, Prince E. Trubetskoy.

Mbiri ndi zomangamanga

Pansi pa Catherine II, kapena pansi pa Alesandro Woyamba, Okhulupirira Akale sanafune. Ndipo kotero Moscow Rogozhskaya Sloboda inakula ndipo inali yokongoletsedwa ndi akachisi. Mpingo womaliza umene unamangidwa pano (St. Nicholas), unali ndipo umakhalabe "chipembedzo chogwirizana". Izi zikutanthauza kuti ansembe, ozindikiridwa ndi ROC wa Patriarchate wa Moscow, akutumikira pano liturgy, koma molingana ndi miyambo yakale ndi mabuku.

Tchalitchi ichi chinakhazikitsidwa pa malo a tchalitchi cha m'zaka za zana la 18 m'lingaliro la ku Byzantine-Russian. Tsopano Mpingo wa St. Nicholas ndiwo wokha ku Moscow komwe Orthodox yonse ikhoza kupemphera. Mu 1995, boma la Moscow linapereka chigamulo chokhazikitsa malo olemba mbiri ndi zomangamanga ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda . Cholinga cha chikhalidwe ichi chinali kukhala Gusev Manor.

Mwamwayi, ndondomeko yobwezeretsa zipilala zina zomangamanga inaletsedwa mu 2011. Komabe, Tchalitchi cha Alexis ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda, nsanja ya kuuka kwa akufa, Intercession Cathedral ndi manda a Tchalitchi cha Kubadwa kwa Yesu, komanso msewu wonse wa mudzi wa Rogozhsky, adatchulidwa kuti ndi cholowa chawo.

Kachisi wa Alexis, Metropolitan wa Moscow, ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda

Chipinda choyamba cha sacral pamalo ano chinali mpingo wawung'ono wamatabwa, womangidwa mu 1625. Idawonongeka ndipo idasinthidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi nyumba yomanga njerwa. Achipembedzo adapeza kalembedwe ka mpingo. Ndalama zinasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo kale pakati pa zaka za zana la 18 zinapeza mawonekedwe amakono.

Anamanga nyumba ya Dmitry Ukhtomsky, akumusankhira njira yomanga Baroque. Mpingo unapatulidwa m'dzina la St. Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow. Oyera uyu anakhala m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ndipo ankaonedwa kuti ndi wozizwitsa ku Russia. Mzinda wa Metropolitan unali utatha kale miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Zolembedwa za woyera mtima zinasungidwa ndi kulemekezedwa m'matchalitchi osiyanasiyana a ku Moscow. Kuyambira mu 1947, iwo ali mu Katolika ya Elokhovo Epiphany. Ndipo kachisi wa Alexis ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda anafotokoza za malo ambiri opatulika mu Russia. Mu 1929 nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi yokonzanso ndi zomangamanga zinamangidwa pano. Kubwezeretsa tchalitchi kunayamba kokha m'ma 1990.

Chinali chiyani ndi momwe kachisi akuwonekera tsopano

Okhulupirira akale analamulidwa kuti azipanga zithunzi kapena kugula zithunzi zakale ndikupereka ku mipingo yawo. Choncho, isanayambe kusintha, mpingo wa St. Metropolitan wa Moscow ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda unali nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ilo linali ndi zithunzi za Novgorod ndi ambuye ena otchuka, omwe analembedwa kuyambira zaka za m'ma 15 mpaka 16.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, mkati mwa kachisiyo adawonjezeredwa ndi kukongola kodabwitsa pansalu. Pambuyo pa kusintha, zipangizo za tchalitchi zinatayika. Kachisiyo anawonongedwa, ndipo kuchokera ku nsanja yake pali nsanja ziwiri zokha. Koma mpingo ukuchita ntchito yowonzanso nthawi zonse. Nyumba yaikulu inabwezeretsedwa mu 2012. Ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano kuti ibwezeretsenso chimbudzi chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa.

Zopembedza

Mpingo wa St. Alexis ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda uli pa ngodya ya Malaya Alekseevskaya ndi Nikoloyamskaya misewu. N'zosavuta kuzindikira ndi makoma ofiira oyera ndi golide wofiira pa belfry wobwezeretsedwa. Pakalipano, tchalitchichi chimatchedwa mpingo wa St. Sergius wa Radonezh.

Kupitiriza ntchito yobwezeretsa sikulepheretsa kuchita ntchito zaumulungu. Loweruka ndi Lamlungu pa 10.00 liturgy amachitika. Pambuyo pake, masana, azimayi apakati amaberekera. Kupereka mautumiki aumulungu ndi ma tchuthi a tchalitchi. Apa pakubwera akazi omwe angafune kukhala ndi ana. Mu nyumba ya mpingo pali misonkhano yopempherera "za mphatso ya ana". Zikondwerero za mpingo wa Alexy wa Moscow ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda ndi: February 25 (kalembedwe katsopano), March 27, May 22, June 2, August 11 ndi 29 August, December 19.

Chitetezo cha Cathedral

Tidatchula kale tchalitchi ichi, chomwe kukula ndi kukongoletsa kunali kwakukulu komanso kolemera kwambiri kuposa akachisi a Kremlin. Pa nthawi imene akuluakulu a boma adakondwera ndi okhulupirira akale, "anfupikitsidwa", akuchichepetsera pamtunda kuchokera ku Assumption Cathedral. Koma mwa mawonekedwe awa, Mpingo wa Kupembedzera wa Namwali ku manda a Rogozhsky sunapumitse kwa chipembedzo chachikulu chachikhristu ku Russia.

M'chaka cha 1856, Mzinda wa Metropolitan Filaret wa ku Moscow unatsimikizira kuti maguwa a mipingo ya Akulu Okhulupirira mumzindawu adasindikizidwa. Pokhapokha kusintha kwa 1905, komwe kunalengeza ufulu wa chipembedzo, mipingo inabwerera kumudzi wa Popovites. Mwa kulemekeza kusindikiza maguwa, tchalitchi cha belu cha kuuka kwa Khristu chinamangidwa.

Pambuyo pa chipolowe, Intercession Cathedral inkafunidwa kutsekedwa, koma inangokhala mpingo umodzi wokha ku Moscow umene unkagwira ntchito ngati kachisi. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti nyumbayi, yomangidwa mwachikhalidwe, sikunali ngati nyumba yopatulika. Ndimodzi yekha glavka padenga anapatsa mpingo mmenemo.

Koma nsanja ya tchalitchi ya kuuka kwa Khristu inatsekedwa mu 1930. Muyenera kumvetsera mwatcheru. Yokongoletsedwa ndi mafano a mbalame zachilendo za Paradaiso - Sirin, Gamayun ndi Alkonost. Mpingo watsekedwa wa Kuukitsidwa kwa Khristu sunakhale nthawi yaitali. Ntchito zomwe zili mmenemo zayambiranso kuyambira 1947.

Kachisi wa St. Sergius wa Radonezh

Tchalitchi ichi, ngakhale chochepa kwambiri, koma chokongoletsera, chovala ndi zida zakale, sizomwe zili zochepa kwa Cathedral Yopempherera. Akuti pamene Napoleon anafika ku Moscow, wansembe wa kachisi wa Sergiyo wa Radonezh analamula kuti aike ziwiya zamtengo wapatali zamatchalitchi kumanda. Otsutsawo anauzidwa kuti nthaka yomwe idakumbidwa mwatsopano inalibe koma manda a iwo amene anafa ndi mliriwo. A French ankaopa kuyesa ngati zinali zoona kapena ayi.

Asanayambe kusintha, kachisiyu anali wotchuka chifukwa choimbira khungu kwambiri. Koma zomwe French sizinkachite zinalichitidwa ndi amphaka amderalo. Mu 1922 ndalama zoposa zisanu za siliva zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku tchalitchi. Chimene osakhalawo sakanatha, kubadwa ndi nkhwangwa ndi kuwotchedwa mumoto. Zithunzi zambiri zakale za akhungu zinatayika. Kumanga kwa tchalitchi kunali malo ogwirira ntchito komanso malo osungira katundu. Izi zinapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kameneka.

M'chaka cha 1985, anasamukira ku Museum of Ancient Russian Culture. A. Rublev. Poika ziwonetsero za mafano, ntchito yobwezeretsa inkachitika m'kachisimo. Kuchokera mu 1991, Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox chimakhala ndi Tchalitchi cha St. Sergius cha Radonezh ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda. Mndandanda wa mautumiki mmenemo ndi wosavuta. Liturgy imachitika tsiku ndi tsiku pa 8:00, kupatulapo Lachisanu.

Nthawi zambiri pali misonkhano yaumulungu ku Katolika ya Kale Okhulupirira ya Intercession ya Theotokos. Pa masiku a sabata, liturgy amachitika pa 7:30 ndi 15:30. Madzulo a maholide msonkhano uli pa 14:00. Loweruka, maulamuliro a m'mawa amayamba pa seveni, ndipo Lamlungu - pakadutsa asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Rogozhskaya Sloboda: momwe mungakwaniritsire

Kukhazikika kwa okhulupirira akale kuli pakati pa malo a metro "Aviamotornaya", "Rimskaya", "Marksistskaya" ndi "Taganskaya". Paulendo njira yayitali kwambiri kuchokera m'misewu yoyamba yapansi panthaka yoyamba. Kuchokera kumalo ena opitako pali zonyamula anthu. Choncho, kuchokera ku "Marxist" mukhoza kupita ku Rogozhskaya Sloboda ndi misewu yamabasi 51 ndi 169. Kuchokera pa siteshoni ya metro ya Taganskaya, mabasiketi a Nos 26, 63 ndi 16 akuthamanga. Kuti mudziwe moyo wa Rogozhskaya Sloboda, munthu ayenera kupita ku "Old Believers" Street " Yoyamba Voitovich).

Tiyenera kunena kuti mudzi uwu uli wokondweretsa osati kachisi. Pali malo odyera a Zakudya za Okhulupilira Kale, mabenchi a tchalitchi, masewera ovala zovala zambiri, sukulu zachipembedzo za ana ndi akuluakulu Lamlungu.