Ndi malamulo ku Greece chiyani? ndondomeko State of Ancient Greece

M'nkhani ino tikambirana Greece wakale. More ndendende, tidzayesetsa kupeza yankho la funso la chimene malamulo a ku Greece.

M'zaka 8-9 BC. e. Greece sanali dziko yekha, monga wakale limati kum'mawa pamene pachimake. Greece anali ndondomeko za dziko.

Polis ku Greece - gulu la nzika alimi losonkhanitsidwa ndi pastoralists, amene amakhala pamodzi ndi limodzi pofuna kuteteza dziko lawo. Pang'onopang'ono, mfundo anali kusinthidwa, kutenga mbali ya boma. Chinasanduka likulu la mzinda wokhala ndi linga, ndi m'dera malonda - malo a zamalonda, kachisi wa mulungu-woyang'anira wa mzinda, nyumba zosiyanasiyana ndi zina zotero. Kuzungulira mzinda anakakhala alimi ndi ena abusa. Onse olimapo, dziko ndi zachilengedwe ankatengedwa chuma cha m'deralo.

Mwini dziko zinangokhala nzika. Nzika zonse anali m'gulu la asilikali, amene anamenya nkhondo pa nkhondo. Assembly National anali mphamvu zonse malamulo. Nawo linali bwino kwa anthu a m'mudzi. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malamulo ku Greece.

Amene pali anthu enanso ambirimbiri. Zinkachitira ulamuliro wa Ancient Greece. maina awo - Athens ndi Sparta. Iwo unali mzinda wolemera wa Korinto. Aliyense mfundo ali boma yake, asilikali ndi mosungiramo ndalama kupangidwa.

Athens

Tsatirani funso zimene mfundo ku Greece, dziko woyamba kuonedwa - ndi Athens. Dera la polis ku Atene wotanganidwa chilumba chonse cha Attica ku Central Greece. Sami Athens lili pakati pa chigwa chachonde, 5 Km nyanja.

Udindo lalikulu mu dziko latsopano a anthu otchuka a mafuko. Nsanamira waukulu boma wotanganidwa ndi olemekezeka. wamphamvu kwambiri a Areopagi lopangidwa ndi oimira anthu otchuka a mafuko, ndi archons - akuluakulu boma (mutu, Wansembe Wamkulu, mkulu, oweruza asanu a anthu).

Pang'ono ndi mamembala osauka a mmudzi anaponya poyera ndi anakakamizika osakongola olemera. Pansi kuika ngongole borrowers mwala. Pamene iwo anali analephera kubweza, ndi chidwi, nthaka anataya. Kutenga malo pangano analola chabe chimodzi cha zokolola, ndi zina anapereka mwini wa dziko. Skudeli Alimi anakhala mangawa, kenako kutembenukira kukhala akapolo.

kusintha Solon a

M'zaka 8-7 BC. e. mbali zina za Demos - amalonda, eni masitolo ndi magalimoto, wolemera wamba - analemera. Tsopano amafunitsitsa nawo pa kayendetsedwe ka malamulo, koma akhala akumanidwa ufulu umenewu. Ndi iwo amene anayambitsa ndi kutsogolera kulimbana kwa Demos ndi apamwamba.

Pakati pa chipwirikiti, nzika anatembenukira kwa Aatene Solon malamulo, amene anatsogolera mfundo ku Greece - zawachititsa kuti kukhazikitsa kusintha zingapo. Choyamba, iye ija mangawa a ku Atene ndi zoletsedwa ngongole. Land anabwerera wokongolayo. Atene, amene anali akapolo ngongole, anamasulidwa. Kuyambira tsopano, palibe ku Atene sakanakhoza kukhala kapolo!

Solon anayambitsa gulu la nzika m'magulu anayi - kwambiri olemera, olemera, pakati kalasi ndi osauka - malinga ndi kukula kwa malo awo ndi ndalama. Nzika za magulu zosiyanasiyana ufulu osiyana ndi kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana boma.

Kutembenuka amene anapanga Solon ku Atene anthu, Athens refocused pa njira ya demokalase.

Nkhanza ku Athens

papita zaka 20 kuyambira chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Solon ku Athens Mavuto adayambanso. Mbale Solon, mkulu Pisistratus mu 560 BC. e. Anagwira mphamvu ndi anayamba kulamulira mu Athens yekha, kupereka mphamvu ku Aatene polis mtendere ndi mgwirizano. Choncho Athens izo unakhazikitsidwa mwankhanza.

Earth olemekezeka amene anathawira kunja kwa dzikoli, anagawira mwa Amaya. Kwa iwo, wolamulira wankhanza woyikidwa msonkho (a magawo khumi la zokolola) kuposa wandikhutiritsa chuma.
Peisistratus anayesa kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha ulimi, ntchito zamanja, malonda ndi shipbuilding. Iye anayamba zambiri yomanga ku Athens: ndi malamulo ake anamangidwira akachisi, njira ngalande. Mzinda anaitanidwa ojambula zithunzi wotchuka ndi ndakatulo, iye analemba "The Iliad" ndi "Odyssey", umene panthawi imeneyo anali opatsirana pakamwa. Kwenikweni, izo zinali mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Pisistratus wa Athens inasanduka malo chikhalidwe cha Greece. Kuyambira pamenepo, achokera ndi mphamvu nyanja.

Akamaliza mapangidwe a polis ku Atene

Nkhanza anagwa atangofa wa Pisistratus (monga m'malo analamulira mwankhanza), ndi archon woyamba anasankhidwa wopanga malamulo Cleisthenes. Dera lonse la dziko la Aatene anagawa m'zigawo 10, omwe ndi madera atatu ofanana - dhuzi na gombe, m'midzi ndi m'mizinda. Nzika tsopano mtima kuti a mtundu, ndipo ndi ndondomeko zina. Kale, dziko anagawa generically. Izi Cleisthenes kusintha "kusendeza" nzika ndi kuwapatsa ufulu wofanana. Choncho, makhalidwe a anthu otchuka a mafuko boma wakhala yafupika.

Nzika zonse zili poona wofanana kaya katundu: ngakhale anthu osauka zatenga ntchito za boma. Choncho, mu mphamvu ya Athens anali kachiwiri mu manja a anthu.

Sparta

mfundo zamphamvu Greece unali Sparta. Mu 9 m'ma BC. e. mu Peloponnese, mu Laconia, Dorians anakhazikitsa midzi angapo. Zitatero, iwo potsiriza anagonjetsa m'dera mafuko Achaean. 7 m. BC. e. Dorians Ufumuyo chuma chake loyandikana Messenia Region. Pa nkhondo ziwiri za Messinian anapanga maphunziro onse, wotchedwa Sparta (Sparta).

M'nkhaniyi tiona akufunafuna yankho la funso zimene mfundo ku Greece. Choncho, tione mkhalidwe wa Sparta chipangizo.

polity

nzika Sparta ankakhala pansi pa malamulo, kumene malinga ndi nthano, anayambitsa tchire Lycurgus. A otsogolera pa kayendetsedwe ka boma wovutika ankaimba bungwe la akulu. Bungwe la chisankho Akulu pakuonetsa msonkhano dziko. Kuthandiza pa zinatengera yekha nzika-ankhondo amene afika zaka 30.

Lycurgus anaonetsetsa kuti nzika zonse za Sparta anali ufulu wofanana, kuti pakati pawo panali kapena osauka kapena olemera. Wovutika banja analowa malo a dziko lomwelo, iwo sibwenzi mukugulitsa kapena, dziko lonse mu Sparta ankaona chuma cha boma.

Sparta sankaloledwa kuchita malonda, malonda ntchito yawo okha anali nkhondo. Zida ndi zamanja anapangidwa iwo perieki. Malo woyesedwa helots wovutika. The Sparta sibwenzi mukugulitsa, abalalitse kapena kupha helot - helots banja, monga dziko a boma.

Gen. Sparta

Kusanthula funso zimene mfundo ku Greece wakale, ndi kufotokoza mwachidule za moyo wa Sparta.

The Sparta anali wolimba, Hardy ankhondo. Iwo ankavala zovala wankhanza, ankakhala yomweyo nyumba imodzi-storey matabwa. Ife tinali nawo mawonekedwe a amakonzera tsitsi, ndevu ndi ndevu zapamlomo wapamwamba. Ntchito yomanga analoledwa ntchito nkhwangwa, ndi okha kupanga zitseko - chochekera. Ndi zaka 16 ndipo kwa wovutika anayenera kunkhondo. Mu zaka 30, ankawaona kuti ndi wamkulu ndipo anali ndi ufulu kutenga chidutswa cha dziko ndi kukwatiwa.

Choncho tinkakhala ndipo anayamba ndondomeko State of Ancient Greece.