Nkhondo ya Issus: texte nkhondo

Nkhondo ya Issus chinachitika zaka zoposa 2 zikwi zapitazo ndipo anali mmodzi wa ofunika kwambiri anagonjetsa Asia ndi Alexander Wamkulu. Ngakhale remoteness zimene zinachitika, kuti anapulumuka mfundo zosiyanasiyana za tsiku yofunikayi. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti nkhondo anapereka mpweya yatsopano ku Makedoniya Ufumu, zimene pamapeto, yathandiza yaikulu pa chitukuko cha chitukuko ndi resettlement wa mafuko kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndi Asia.

zifukwa

Mfumu ya ku Makedoniya, Filipo anali ndi kusintha kwambiri, boma centralized, nachuluka chiwerengero cha asilikali zonse. Iye kuchuluka dziko, kulanda dzikolo kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa. Pambuyo kugonjetsa mzinda-limati Philippe potsiriza analengeza ngati mtsogoleri zikuluzikulu ndi wolamulira, ndi Macedonia - monga mphamvu amphamvu dera. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu, malo ake anatengedwa ndi Alexander, amene kuyambira ali nawo ntchito imene bambo ake. Chikadzangotha coronation, anayamba yogwira kugonjetsa. Ufumu kukula mosalekeza. Ndipo mu 30 kumayambiriro, Alexander litalanda Persia. Iye anakana masatarapi m'deralo amene anapambana pa asilikali Chimakedoniya mosavuta. Alexander mwamsanga kusuntha dzina lanu, pafupifupi popanda wopikisana naye.

Kugonjetsedwa Persia

Dariyo mfumu ya Perisiya pa nthawi ino anasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la asilikali kupereka atangokanidwa zikuluzikulu ku Makedoniya. Panthawi imeneyi zombo anapanga anawazunza zonse m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi ndi Straits wa Helesipotale. Amakedoniya sakanakhoza kukana chifukwa simungapeze mizinda yambiri mu Asia Minor.

Pachifukwa ichi, mantha mmene kumbuyo, Alexander wasankha woyamba kudziteteza. M'malo kukulitsa m'gawo la Persia, iye akutembenukira uko ndipo amapita kwina kwa Kumvetsela mizinda yonse ya ku Perisiya. Kutsogoza cholinga cha kukhala doko Pamudzi, popeza zochokera mdani zombo. Kumana Aperisiya mphamvu ndi kulola forage ndi zolimba ku Macedonia kubwera popanda mavuto, Alexander likuthandiza gombe lonse.

Magulu a zipani: Aperisiya

Dariyo anasonkhana ndithu asilikali amphamvu. Pakuti zimenezi, anapita pa ufumu wake ndi panokha kuyang'anira ya asilikali. Pakati Aperisiya asilikali analembedwa usilikali komanso kwa anthu kuponderezedwa ndi iwo. Persia panthawi imeneyo anali wolemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maiko oyandikana nawo. Lingaliro la mwanaalirenji panali kangapo kuposa kwina kulikonse. Golide ndi siliva saloledwa Dariyo kukalembera ndi hoplites Greek. Izi namtindi wa Agiriki anali wotchuka chifukwa kukana wake kunkhondo. Hoplites zida mikondo yaitali, chishango 8-makilogalamu ndi theka malupanga molunjika (zochepa masamba ankafuna). Monga zida ntchito zida amphamvu ndi zisoti lolemera. Nkhondo ya Issus, za maganizo a Aperisiya, anali kubweretsa chigonjetso amene adzatha kukankhira mdani kuti mapiri. Choncho, 10 zikwi ganyu Ahelene, amene anafuna kutenga kubwezera anagonjetsedwa Alexander Hiren, Dariyo kuika pa malo a asilikali ake. Pa mapiko anali oyenda Persian, anamanga mu phalanx ndi apakavalo. Inalinso ndi nambala yaikulu asilikali kwa anthu anagonjetsa. Iwo anaimirira kuseri kwa mzere kutsogolo mu mayunitsi anakhazikitsa maziko mafuko, mosatengera kuti zaka siyana Mkhalidwe. Popeza reinforcements pamene nkhondo inayambika pamene Issa, pansi pa mbendera ya Dariyo anali anthu 100 sauzande.

Magulu a zipani: Amakedoniya

Alexander anatenga sate-faifi zikwi oyenda ndi zikwi zisanu apakavalo. Ambiri a iwo inaumitsidwa nkhondo hoplites. Lolemera oyenda zinthu mwangwiro kuti ndi anaukira mmodzi chamoyo. Ambiri anaitana mercenaries Nkhondo ya Issa. Dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky anatenga zikwi ziwiri akunjawo, mwina alemba ntchito ku Sarmatians kapena Asikuti. Komanso zikwi Cretan oponya mivi.

nkhondo

Kodi chaka anali nkhondo ya Issus, amadziwika yekha kwa chokumbukira Diodorusi ndi Curtius. Ambiri Baibulo - 333 BC. Ankhondo a Aperisiya anali mu dongosolo, pansi pa chivundikiro cha Bay lapansi. Dariyo ankaganiza kuti mtsinje waung'ono choopsa Kukwezeleza Amakedoniya, ndi chapamwamba n'zosangalatsa kumva n'chofunikira mwachangu. Komabe, nkhondo anali malo m'manja mwa Alexander. Pofuna makamaka mapiri, izo zolepheretsa munthu gombe yopapatiza ya Aperisiya.

Choyamba Makedoniya anapita pa nkhondo. The phalanx anali akuyenderera pakati zomangira mbali yoopsa kwambiri ya gulu lankhondo la Perisiya. Atafika mtsinje waung'ono, iwo anadutsa anayamba kukwera ndi kuyenda kumtunda. Pali aganyu hoplites adafuna kutaya kumbuyo phalanx. Komabe, kukhala ndi mwayi ophunzira chipitirire, iye anayamba kupita patsogolo. Panthawi imeneyi pa pambali kumanzere anaukira Thessalian apakavalo, mothandizidwa ndi Greek ndi Thracian oyenda. The apakavalo a Aperisiya yomweyo anayamba abwerere.

Nkhonyayo zikuluzikulu anagwidwa getayrtsami kutsogoleredwa ndi Alexander ndipo chenjerani wake - thupi chishango onyamula. Lolemera apakavalo mofulumira kwambiri ankangodzigwera lonse kumanzere mapiko a Aperisiya ndi ozungulira hoplites Greek. Nkhondo ya Issa zimawoneka anapambana. Komabe, Aperisi anaganiza kuukira. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Alexander panokha ulendo wake kwa mfumu ya Perisiya, ndipo anathawa mantha. Anamuuza adapitikitsa lonse Persian asilikali. Amakedoniya anathamangitsa akunjawo zinathera Nkhondo ya Issus. Tsiku kugonjetsedwa Dariyo sizinawakhudze nthawi yathu.