Ndi Pantheon ndi chiyani? Roma ndi Greek pantheons

Mawu "gulu" ali matanthauzo angapo, mwanjira ina zikugwirizana ndi mzake, m'nkhani ino zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane zake zonse.

ndi Pantheon ndi chiyani?

Mawu "gulu" lachokera ku poto Greek ( "onse") ndi theos ( "mulungu"), zomwe ndi dzina wamba milungu yonse, kukhala mbali ya chipembedzo kapena nthano. Agiriki akale ndi Aroma wotchedwa kachisi milungu yonse. Komanso, ngati tanthauzo ali oyenera zoti nyumba yaikulu, nyumba kumene umunthu otchuka m'manda. mawu zambiri ntchito pofotokoza gulu la milungu ya nthano inayake (Sumeri, Greek, Aroma, Aiguputo ndi zina Asilavo). Zikhulupiriro za chitukuko wakale, monga kuyenera zipembedzo zambiri masiku ano, amakonda ambiri milungu yoperekedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu.

Pantheon ku Rome

Pa funso "Kodi gulu la" Rome mwina kuyankha "kachisi wa milungu yonse." Izi ndi kukopa wapadera likulu yamakono ya Italy, ndi mapulani mwaluso ku Roma. Linamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Mfumu Hadrian m'chaka 126 BC. e., pa heyday lotsiriza la ufumuwo. gulu Chiroma kumanganso kwa "Kachisi wa milungu" imene anamanga Mark Agrippa. dzina lake anaumanga choyamba moyo imeneyi pa nyumbayi. Ndi yaikulu ozungulira mpingo wa m'nthawi imeneyo, ndi mpaka cha m'ma XIX, iye sakanakhoza kumenya. Pantheon ku Rome (chithunzi anapereka m'nkhani) ndi chitsanzo cha akachisi mzikiti zomangamanga. Ambiri ayesetsa kutengera izo, koma sakanakhoza kufika pafupi mu lonse ndi wopambana. Izo zikuwoneka chachikulu kwambiri. Monolithic akusowekapo mpanda wozungulira zikupita ku Kukhonde kutsogolo, wopangidwa mwa mizere iwiri ya mizati chimphona, kwathunthu wosemedwa ku lubwe. Pantheon mzikiti ndi chodabwitsa ukachenjede ya nthawi. Linapangidwa mu Chigawo zonse, m'mimba ake ndi 43 m, m'tchalitchi msinkhu wofanana ndi kutalika kwa mpanda. Pakati pa mzikiti ndi otchedwa diso la Pantheon kwa - yaikulu wozungulira zenera ndi awiri a 9 mamita Iye ndiyekhayo kwa kuwala rotunda ndi -. The m'holo yaikulu ya Pantheon. Makoma nsangalabwi wa rotunda ndi niches kumene mafano poyamba anali wamkulu Roma milungu, ndipo tsopano - m'manda a umunthu wotchuka ndi maguwa ake ansembe. Pamene Roma anatengera Chikhristu, Pantheon anamuthawa, ndi gilded mkuwa ❖ kuyanika wa mzikiti ndi Kukhonde anawatengera ku mipingo ina. Kenako, m'chaka cha 609 BC. e., ndi Pantheon Roma chinaperekedwa kwa mpingo. Kuyambira nthawi anayamba kukaika otchuka chikhalidwe ndi luso losiyanasiyana, komanso mabanja achifumu. Pali Mwachitsanzo, kumanda Raphael, Italy mfumu yoyamba Viktora Emmanuila II, ndipo ena.

milungu ya Aroma

Baibulo lina la yankho ku funso lakuti: "Kodi Pantheon?" - Kutolere milungu ya nthano makamaka, mu nkhani iyi tiona Roma. Ndi polemekeza milungu wakale amanga chozizwitsa zimenezi, mofanana ndi Roma Pantheon, amene tamutchula uja. Aroma anali amazipanga othandiza ndi kutsatira bwino a anthu osiyanasiyana a oyandikana kapena anagonjetsa. Milungu ikuluikulu ya gulu, iwo anaitenga ku Agiriki akale ndi renaming, kuti agwirizane iwo mu mbalume zazikulu. Mosiyana ndi Greek, milungu Roma wa Olympus sizinali zake, nthawi zambiri limafanizira wotchulidwa. Jupiter, Mars ndi Quirinus anali akuluakulu wa ku gulu kuwalitsa ntchito zitatu zikuluzikulu zomwe anthu: achipembedzo ansembe, asilikali ndi zachuma. Komanso iwo anali ndi khamu lonse la milungu ina, m'munsi ndi mizimu. Various milungu ogula la muzochitika zones za moyo wa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Panali Mwachitsanzo, milungu ya nyanja, nkhalango, nyama, chonde, ulimi, nyama husbandry, ndi moto; milungu anateteza moyo, kuthandiza pobereka, kusamalira ana, anali ukwati, ndi ena ambiri. Pakati wotchuka: Janus - Mlengi wa dziko ndi mtundu wa anthu, Jupiter - Lalikulu, mulungu wa mabingu ndi mphezi, ndi mtetezi ya mafumu, Pluto - mulungu wa imfa ndi pansi, Neptune - mulungu wa nyanja ndi lonse m'dera madzi, kuphulika - woyang'anira za luso la osula ndipo mulungu wa moto, Mars - nkhondo, ngakhale kuti poyamba anali chonde mulungu. Akukhulupirira kuti iye anali tate wa Romulus ndi Remus - anayambitsa Rome, kotero anapeza mtetezi wake ndi woyang'anira. Imatchedwanso Mercury, Minerva, Venus, Bakasi, Phoebus, chomwe makamaka a gulu la milungu ya Aroma.

Greece

Agiriki, chigawo chimodzi chofunika kwambiri ndi choyambirira ndi zovuta mbadwo. Mofanana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya nthawi imene zochitika. Poyamba, panali Chisokonezo monga maziko a chilengedwe chonse, amene mothandizidwa ndi Eros anaonekera Uranus ndi Gaia (lapansi ndi mlengalenga), iwo anakhala mwamuna ndi mkazi. Anabadwa ndi zimphona ndipo Cyclopes, amene Uranus kuponyedwa mu Tatalasi. Potsatira Titans anabadwa, wotchuka kwambiri a ndizo Themis (mulungu wa chilungamo), Mnemosyne (wamkazi yokumbukira), Ocean, Rhea ndi Kronos imene inali kulamulira dziko anakwatiwa Rhea. Malinga ndi ulosiwo, anali kulanda ana awo, analeka ana awo. Koma mkazi wake anapulumutsira achinyamata Zeus, anabisa. Pamene Zeus atakula, anakakamizika bambo ake kubwerera ana ena kuwameza. Komanso, panali nkhondo pakati pa milungu ndi Titans, imene Zeus ndi milungu ina anathandiza kupambana zimphona ndipo Cyclopes, amene anabweretsa ku Tatalasi. Zeu anali mulungu wamkulu wa thambo, bingu ndi mphenzi, adzalamulira zinthu zonse. Pamodzi ndi abale ndi alongo ake, iye ankakhala pa zopatulika Phiri Olympus. Greek gulu tichipeza khumi lalikulu milungu Olimpiki: Zeus, Poseidon (mulungu wa nyanja), Hera (mkazi wake, mulungu wamkazi wa ukwati ndi banja), Hade (mulungu wa Ufumu wa akufa), Ares (mulungu wa nkhondo), Aphrodite (mkazi wa Ares, mulungu wa chikondi ndi kukongola), Athena (mulungu wa nzeru), Demeter (wamkazi wa mphamvu zobereka), Hephaestus (mulungu wa blacksmiths ndi osema), Atemi (wamkazi zosaka), Herme (mulungu wa malonda komanso momveka bwino), Diyonisiyo (mulungu wa vinyo). Kuwonjezera awa, palinso zina zokhudza milungu yosiyanasiyana, mizimu, nymphs.

Pomaliza

M'nkhaniyi, ife tipeze yankho mwatsatanetsatane funso: - zitsanzo waukulu "Kodi Pantheon?". Kumene, kuwonjezera pantheons Greek ndi Roman, palinso Mwiguputo, Sumeri, ndi ena ambiri zikhalidwe Asilavo ndi Nthanthi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo ali oyenera kuphunzira kwambiri, koma kusanthula awo mwatsatanetsatane n'kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani osiyana.