Zotsatira mumphangayo: pafupi wazolengedwa

Njira zotsatira - chodabwitsa zodabwitsa, Sikutheka ndi kuona kwa sayansi zachikhalidwe. Koma chachinsinsi ndipo mwachinsinsi kwadzidzidzi dziko, pali malamulo ena angapo mogwirizana kwa zinthu ndiponso mphamvu. Zotsatira mumphangayo ndi ndondomeko kugonjetsa tinthu maziko a chotchinga angathe pansi pa chikhalidwe chimenecho mphamvu zake ndi zosakwana kutalika mavuto. zodabwitsazi ali yekha chikhalidwe kwadzidzidzi, ndipo kotheratu ndi malamulo onse ndi mfundo okonzera zachikhalidwe. More zodabwitsa dziko limene tikukhalali.

Kumvetsa zimene ndi kwadzidzidzi tunneling zotsatira bwino pa chitsanzo cha gofu mpira, akuthamanga ndi mphamvu mdzenje. Pa nthawi ina iliyonse, mphamvu yonse ya mpira ndi kusukulutsa mphamvu angathe yokoka. Kungoganiza kuti zake mphamvu kayendedwe ndi wolephera mphamvu yokoka, mwachindunji chinthu chimene sangachoke chitsime chawo. Koma mogwirizana ndi malamulo a sayansi zachikhalidwe. Kugonjetsa m'mphepete mwa dzenje ndi kupitiriza ulendo wake, iye amafuna zina okhota patsogolo. Choncho ananenera Newton kwambiri.

Mu dziko kwadzidzidzi, zinthu yosiyana. Tsopano ndikuganiza kuti anali tinthu kwadzidzidzi mu dzenje. Pankhaniyi ife adzapita si thupi maganizo enieni mu nthaka, ndi kuti sayansi ndi conventionally otchedwa "kuthekera bwino". Pa ukulu uwu, pali munthu analogi wa mbali thupi - mphamvu chotchinga. Pano zinthu zayamba kusintha kwambiri kwambiri. Kuika otchedwa kwadzidzidzi kusintha ndi tinthu anali kunja akutilola, muyenera kukhala chikhalidwe china.

Ngati kukula kwa munda kunja ndi zosakwana mphamvu angathe tinthu, ndiye kuti mwayi kugonjetsa chotchinga mosaganizira msinkhu wake. Ngakhale ngati iye ali ndi ndalama zokwanira kayendedwe mphamvu kumvetsetsa sayansi Newtonian. Izi zili chimodzimodzi mumphangayo kwenikweni. Iwo amagwira ntchito motere. Kwadzidzidzi zimango kufotokoza khalidwe la particles aliyense osati ndi ena zedi thupi, ndi funde ntchito kugwirizana ndi Mwina tinthu malo mfundo zenizeni mu danga nthawi iliyonse wagawo yeniyeni.

Mu kugunda kwa particles ndi chotchinga ena ntchito Schrodinger aone kuti pali mukhoza kuwerengera Mwina kugonjetsa chopinga izi. Popeza chotchinga si mphamvu kungolandira yekha yoweyula ntchito, komanso extinguishes izo exponentially. M'mawu ena, mu dziko kwadzidzidzi, palibe chopinga chachikulu, koma zinthu zina kokha zimene tinthu akhoza kukhala kunja kwa zotchinga izi. mavuto osiyanasiyana, ndithudi, kuteteza kayendedwe ka particles, koma ayi olimba impermeable malire. Salembedwa kulankhula, mtundu uwu wa malire pakati pa maiko awiri - thupi ndi mphamvu.

Zotsatira mumphangayo ali mnzake ake mu sayansi ya nyukiliya - galimoto-ionization la atomu m'munda amphamvu za magetsi. Zitsanzo za mawonekedwe tunneling muli ndi olimba boma sayansi. Zikuphatikizapo munda umuna, ndi kusamuka kwa ma elekitironi valence, komanso zotsatira zimachitika pa kukhudzana pakati superconductors awiri olekanitsidwa ndi woonda dielectric filimu. Iwo imathandiza kwambiri mu kukhazikitsa tunneling njira zambiri mankhwala otsika kutentha ndi cryogenic.