Wafilosofi ndi wolemba Dokinz Richard: yonena ndi ntchito

Pa maukonde thambo ntchito meme "Asayansi British". M'malo awo, lofalitsidwa ziwerengero chiwerengero cha Chinese amene kudziwa kuti chinenero cha mphuno, kapena zotsatira za maphunziro a chikoka Saturn pa zithunzi acuity wa cockatoo Australia. Dzina la wolemba akuti "meme" - Dawkins. Richard - lopambana British zamoyo zinachita kusintha, nzeru zapamwamba, wolemba, wotchuka popularizer a sayansi ndi chipembedzo. Adzaupereka kwa mtundu wofanana wa dera maphunziro moyenera Mufunsidwe.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Iye anabadwa March 26, 1941 mu Nairobi, Kenya, ndipo ndinakulira mu Nyasaland - katundu British ku South Africa. Iye anati kuti zinyama woyamba ndi zomera, anali ndi chidwi kanthu kuposa maphunziro ena a sayansi. Kwakung'ono zamoyo anali bambo ake - nduna atsamunda Klinton Dzhon Dawkins. Richard ndi mchemwali wake anali ndi chidwi kwambiri zakuthambo ndipo ambiri anthu chipangizo chilengedwe. Nditchimo mnyamata chidwi ndi zovuta wa chilengedwe chonse, ndi mfundo motalika cha kukhalapo Mlengi wake kapangidwe kumuyenera, chifukwa Dawkins banja lililonse la England.

Education Dawkins amayenera kufika England, kumene iwo anasamukira mu 1949. Pa umboni wa bambo ake, iye analowa kalasi zamoyo pulayimale, ndi cholinga anali Oxford. Apa ndi pamene kwenikweni anachita chidwi mu sayansi ya chikhalidwe. mphunzitsi wake anali lopambana zamoyo ndi wopambana Nobel Prize Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-1988). Motsogozedwa wake, maphunziro wophunzira Richard Dawkins anachita chinkhoswe mu sayansi ya khalidwe la nyama - ethology, amene lakwaniritsa bwino chidwi. Makamaka anali oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta, ngakhale katswiri luso ili mapulogalamu.

chipembedzo kusiyana

A oyamba mwatsatanetsatane kuti zamoyo zinachita kusintha wasanduka yosaiwalika pa moyo wa yasayansi. Mmenemo anapeza yankho la funso za zimayambitsa ozungulira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, chiyambi cha dziko la nyama ndi anthu, ndi kugwirizana ake apamtima. Monga mmene analembera ina Richard Dokinz, Darwin buku lalikulu anamukantha monga choperekera chokwanira ndipo malamulowo, kuposa amene anapereka olimbikitsa motsogoleredwa ndi Mulungu.

Mpaka pano, iye amakhulupirira mtengo waukulu mwini wa Baibulo loyambirira la "The Origin of Species Kudzera Natural Kusankha" Charles Darwin ndi zolemba za mlembi. Wokonzanso kwambiri mu sayansi zachilengedwe, amaona kuti munthu wa moyo wake ndi ngwazi sayansi ndi kumenyana ndi adani a zamoyo zinachita kusintha wapanga chofunika kwambiri kwa maphunziro awo. Richard Dawkins, amene buku chikwiyire anachita ziwawa ku analenga chilengedwe chonse, kuyambira pa unyamata wake anakhala kuli Mulungu kukhulupirira ndi campaigner ndi matsenga a anthu a m'dzikoli.

mokweza chiyambi

Buku loyamba, zomwe yomweyo anabweretsa ziphunzitso kudziwika pakati pa akatswiri ndi kugulu linasindikizidwa mu 1976 "The Kudzinyadira Gene". Richard Dawkins kulengezedwa mu buku ili imawonongeratu maganizo Darwin chirengedwe. Iwo likugwirizana ndi akufotokozera zipambano zawo pamadera zotsogola wa zamoyo - chibadwa ndi ethology. Dzina, limene liri pang'ono kugonana wolemba kuphatikizapo adatsimikizira mbali jini ali ngati chinthu chachikulu kwa zinthu, si anthu kapena anthu onse. Ukasintha masomphenya atsopano anali kuti chamoyo chabe galimoto kwa majini kufuna kukhalabe okha mu mibadwo latsopano.

Iye akutenga chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko zina, kupitirira chibadwa. Apa chiphunzitso cha jini ofanana khalidwe la anati meme. buku lakuti "The Kudzinyadira Gene" Richard Dokinz ali chidwi asayansi mavuto a kusanduka chikhalidwe m'madera osiyana zinyama. Chinthu latsopano sayansi - memetics - anati akufuna kuti tikambirane gulu la zinyama sanali muukonde kapena zomera. Zimakhala malingaliro, umisiri, mumaganiza latsopano mmaonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Chitsanzo kuperekedwa mu bukhu, zolinga nyimbo adutsa pansi ku mibadwomibadwo Mitundu ina ya zoimba.

Kukula kwa malingaliro buku latsopano

Nthawi watsimikizira kufunika kwa buku loyamba Dawkins. Mfundo anapereka prose wokongola, bwino ndi kuyang'ana kwambiri, ngakhale zinapangitsa mikangano owawa, nthawi zina zandale. Dawkins wotembenuka mtima wodzikonda kumbuyo kumakana mtengo wa mabungwe aliyense chikhalidwe. Iye anayesetsa kufotokoza wake mwatsatanetsatane mu ntchito yake "The Ena fenotayipi" (1982), anasenza sayansi zambiri.

Lingaliro lalikulu linali: makhalidwe ena a mitundu osiyana ndipo akudikila chisinthiko alibe omveka bwino imodzimodzi ndi zamoyo kunja chipolopolo. Agwiritsidwa kwa chirichonse chimene chikugwirizana ndi moyo. Kotero, zikhoza kukhala beavers madamu awo, zokhudza malo mahekitala angapo m'dera, ndi magalimoto danga, zopangidwa, akhoza kuwoloka malire a Way wathu.

Pomenyera ufulu wa sayansi

Back mu zaka zao za sikisite ndi Dawkins anasonyeza ntchito pagulu, nawo zochita odana ndi nkhondo. Mu Mipingo, anamva kuopseza ufulu wawo monga asayansi zamoyo zinachita ndi kuchepetsa mwayi mbadwo watsopano wa sayansi pang'onopang'ono. Ya kulengedwa alandira boma thandizo, ndi chiphunzitso cha Darwin wakumana mavuto aakulu kwambiri m'mayiko "ŵakusanga". "Darwin Rottweiler" - wina dzina analandira ntchito yake Richard Dawkins. "The Akhungu mawotchi" - buku otchedwa ndi Baibulo wake TV, linatuluka mu 1987. Iwo anasonyeza mtima wa sayansi ku mbali wanzeru.

Amatsutsa mfundoyi amanenanso kuti n'zosatheka zachilengedwe chafotokozedwa okha ndi ntchito za Mlengi, ndipo chiyambi cha munthu kupyolera mwa kusintha mwapang'onopang'ono zamoyo wosazindikira ndi n'zosatheka monga zikamera wa limagwirira zovuta popanda kapangidwe mwadala. Dawkins nthawi zonse ankanena kuti yekha masoka kusankha kungachititse kuti zikamera wa zamoyo zovuta ndi wapadera katundu.

Richard Dawkins 'akhungu mawotchi, "yomwe kwadziwika ndi mphoto zambiri ndi mphatso, anali mtsogoleri anazindikira kuti kulibe nkhondo. Buku lotsatira, zoyenera pa nkhani ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa chipembedzo ndi anthu, anakhala ambiri anagula ndi chifukwa zoonekera kudana naye ndi otsatira a zikhulupiriro zosiyana ndi zipembedzo.

Pa zenera ndipo mu mabuku

Dawkins mwamsanga anakhala kuzindikira TV khalidwe mu England, Europe ndi ku United States. erudition wake, luso owerenga ndi polemicist anamuika analandiridwa mlendo maphunziro ndi kanema maphunziro. A nkhani za kanema ana ndi achinyamata pa BBB-4 njira, limene linalembedwa m'buku lakuti "Kukwera kwa Peak N'labwino Kwabasi" (1996), chomveka lero. M'bukuli iye akulankhula za chiyambi cha moyo, chiphunzitso zinachokera udindo Darwin mu chitukuko cha sayansi yamakono, insolvency "Mulungu kungoganizira".

mabuku ake ndi zofunika kwambiri osati kutsutsana. Akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amavomereza kuti m'madera ambiri a sayansi, anagwirizana ndi sayansi ya zachilengedwe, limodzi la asayansi otchuka kwambiri nthawi yathu - Richard Dawkins. "The Makolo a nthano" (2004), "Waukulu Show Padziko Lapansi" (2009), "The Magic wa Zenizeni" (2011) - yekha otsiriza a nthawi ntchito. Iwo zamoyo wa zinyama limapezeka chidwi ndi zazikulu ndondomeko chidwi zomwe Dawkins akudutsa ndi luso chidwi.

"Ine - wasayansi, osati nzeru zapamwamba"

Kuchitira zonse otsutsa ndi kuyang'ana umboni popanda kudalira veru- anaitana Richard Dawkins. "Mulungu chinyengo" (2006) - Buku lomwe akufotokoza kuitana uku bwino kwambiri. Bukuli mfundo zina zambiri ndi ya kulengedwa, ndi mawonetseredwe zoipa zachipembedzo:

• Olimbikitsa udindo wa chipembedzo, phindu lake yophunzitsa imene ngakhale anthu ena osakhulupirira, ndi underestimation izi zikuchititsa kuti Dawkins. Ndipo iye anati angakhale wosangalala, maganizo ndi makhalidwe kwathunthu anthu popanda kugonjera wolamulira wamkulu.
• Chisinthiko chiphunzitso ndi zochokera mwathunthu chiphunzitso ndi molondola pofotokoza dziko. Iwo amakulolani makamaka amasirira kukongola ndi zosiyanasiyana, siziwoneka pa chifuniro cha umodzi, ndipo m'kupita kwa pang'onopang'ono chidwi ndondomeko.
• Mukhoza kupinda kaganizidwe ndi khalidwe la miyambi anthu, chokhazikika pa maziko a malo obadwira ndi malo, kumene anakulira. Lingaliro la mwana mwana Muslim kapena Achiprotestanti sangakhoze kukhala chotheka, komanso mwana kapena Marxist mwana Nietzschean.
• ziphunzitso - gwero la intransigence ndi waukali, oopsa kwambiri, makamaka masiku ano. M'malo Kulimbana iwo zokambirana ookedwa ndi zokambirana achikhazikitso ndi otentheka.

Nkhawa za tsogolo la dziko

Books ndi mapulogalamu ana - mbali yofunika kwambiri ya maphunziro. anachita ndi Richard Dawkins. "Mulungu chinyengo" - buku ndi TV kanema, makamaka woonekeratu m'lingaliro Concerned Scientists, tsogolo la tsogolo la sayansi ndi dziko lonse. Boma m'zaka XXI poyera amathandiza kutsegula kwa Mkhristu ndi Muslim masukulu ndi apamwamba, ndi mapulogalamu kuphunzitsa atachotsedwa zonse kugwirizana ndi Darwin kwa chiyambi cha moyo.

Chosowa chizolowezi kuganiza mwaufulu opanda zochita za gulu lina, chikhulupiriro wakhungu choonadi, anatulukira ndi munthu ndipo pamene chinachake - ndicho chimene wasayansi amaona kuopsa kwa munthu osauka. Ufulu ndi ufulu, kudziyimira pawokha potsegula nsonga latsopano, luso kuzindikira maonekedwe a Dziko Lapansi bwino osowa, kufunafuna kuzindikira chisangalalo moyo - n'kofunika kuti mwana ali kutenga mukadzakula.

zotetezedwa zamaphunziro

dzina lake ndi mwana dziko, asteroid, anawerengedwa 8331 danga kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nsomba madzi kuchokera carp thanthwe moyo mu South India ndi Sri Lanka. Iye ali wopambana wa mazana a mphatso yapamwamba ndi mphoto. mabuku otchuka - Chiyembekezo, Time, The Telegraph Daily kupanga dzina lake mu mndandanda wa anthu anzeru wotchuka kwambiri nthawi yathu.

Munthu amene imelo ndi zonse makalata zachipongwe lotayirira komanso kumuopseza chilango choopsa pano ndi moyo wina pambuyo - izo ndi Richard Dawkins. "Chipembedzo wawononga onse", "Adani chifukwa" - amakhulupirira maganizo apamwamba sitili okonzeka kuwakhululukira, ngakhale maina a mabuku.

Iye analemba mabuku, amapanga mafilimu, iye nyenyezi mu mafilimu ndi zojambula, ndipo mtsikanayu kumaonekera ndi madansi. Iye akukhala mwa kumvera ndi mtima wonse ndi mawu ndi zithunzi amene pulasitala pa mabasi London mu chimango cha ntchitoyi ikuchitika ndi nawo Dawkins: "N'zodziwikiratu kuti palibe Mulungu. Zokwanira nkhawa ndi kusangalala ndi moyo wanu. "