Duralumin - izo ... Duralumin: zikuchokera, katundu, mtengo

Duralumin - zakuthupi kuti zachokera zotayidwa wangwiro ndi zinthu alloying, amene mupezeke zikuchokera Sungunulani kusintha katundu wa zitsulo. Ofewa ndi opepuka zotayidwa amapeza katundu kukana, pamene kusunga ubwino onse chinthu choyera.

Kupezeka mwangozi

Duralumin - ndi aloyi zotayidwa ndi pang'ono mkuwa, umene zaka pa kutentha zina mwa zinthu yokumba. Mabukuwa kupangidwa mu 1903 ndi Alfred Wilm, amene anali katswiri pa fakitale German. Pa zatsopano anazindikira chitsanzo, anatsimikizira mwa zochitika yaitali. Iye anapeza kuti pamene aloyi zitsulo zotayidwa ndi 4% mkuwa, kenako kuumitsa zinthu chifukwa pa kutentha + 500 ° C, kenako kuzirala mofulumira ndi kugwira firiji kwa masiku angapo, analandira zitsulo ndi mkulu mphamvu mfundo pamene yosungira katundu pulasitiki ndi mbali yaikulu.

Mu zaka wotsatira, kasakaniza wazitsulo anali okonzeka ndi ambiri zina zimene zimawonjezera mphamvu ya chuma. Pa gawo lino la anodized zotayidwa - ndi aloyi mkulu mphamvu, amene, malingana ndi mtundu, mulole monga mkuwa, magnesium, pakachitsulo, nthaka ndi ena.

kapangidwe

Mawotchi katundu wa duralumin chionetsero ziwawa - mpaka 370 MPa (mphamvu ya zotayidwa wangwiro - 70-80 MPa), zomwe zimachititsa nkhani anafuna mu zosiyanasiyana mafakitale. Zotayidwa aloyi ndi zinthu mankhwala kufanana ena kuti zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe a chuma chifukwa. The aloyi m'munsi tichipeza kufanana tingachipeze powerenga za zosakaniza.

Duralumin dongosolo ili:

• Mkuwa (Cu) - 0.5% ya kulemera okwana.
• Manganese (MN) ndi 0.5% aloyi.
• Mankhwala enaake a (mg) - 1,5% okwana kulemera.
• Pakachitsulo (Si) - 1,2%.
• Iron (Fe) ndi za 0,1% ya kapangidwe.
• Zotayidwa (Al) - n'chofunika.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya kasakaniza wazitsulo

Pali mitundu ingapo ya kasakaniza wazitsulo, ena kuposa makhalidwe yake.

Nanga mukhoza kupanga aluminiyamu anodized (zikuchokera, ligatures ndi khalidwe)?

• Zotayidwa + manganese (Al + mg), zotayidwa + mankhwala enaake a (Al + MN), dzina chachiwiri "magnaly" - yodziwika ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, mkulu ntchito soldering, kuwotcherera. Iwo bwino kudula. The kasakaniza wazitsulo Nyimbo si pansi oipa zina. The kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mapaipi ndi mafuta, radiators, akasinja zolinga zosiyanasiyana, kumanga, ndi zina zotero D..
• Zotayidwa + manganese + pakachitsulo (Al + MG + Si), aloyi anapatsidwa dzina "Avial". The katundu izi duralumin zikuchokera - dzimbiri kukana, lightness ndi mphamvu ya welds ndi mbewu yabwino. Kuwuma kukuchitika kutentha + 515-525 ° C ndi kuzirala mofulumira madzi (+ 20 ° C) kwa masiku 10. The ntchito yaikulu - mankhwala ntchito zinthu mkulu chinyezi, kupanga katundu, mbali, makina a mu ndege, makampani magalimoto, mu Avial posachedwapa m'malo mtengo azitsulo mfundo za mafoni ndi ena.
• Zotayidwa + mkuwa + manganese (Al + Cu + mg), kapena duralumin, - zakuthupi zomangamanga, malingana ndi zosowa kupeza katundu komaliza, kuchuluka kwa aliyense mchitidwe alloying siyana. The aloyi wapeza ntchito ku makampani a ndege, makampani Azamlengalenga, kupanga sitima mkulu-liwiro ( "Peregrine") ndi ena. The sangathe wa aloyi ndi Kusakhazikika ake zikuwononga. Duralumin pepala amafuna mokwanira odana ndi dzimbiri chithandizo, zomwe zimagwiritsa mwachita potsatira pamwamba pa zotayidwa koyera.

ntchito

Duralumin - ndi chuma chachikulu ndege ndi danga makampani. Ntchito yoyamba kwa ndegeyo zinachitika mu 1911 pomanga airships. M'nthawi ya 21 pali kuposa zopangidwa dazeni zakuthupi opepuka ndi cholimba. Mwatsatanetsatane ndege zambiri ntchito mtundu D16T, womwenso naini zitsulo monga titaniyamu, faifi tambala, etc., Ndipo ligature ndi wapangidwa ndi mkuwa, pakachitsulo, magnesium. Kuchuluka kwa zotayidwa mu aloyi ndi zochepa muyezo zili - 93%.

Osati kasakaniza wazitsulo onse duralumin amalabadira kuwotcherera, mankhwala ambiri anapanga ndi rivets ndi zina fasteners. Waukulu ntchito mafakitale chuma wakhala aeronautics, magalimoto, makina chida. Koma osati luso mkulu ntchito duralumin Mwachitsanzo, ntchito maboti payekha kwa zinthu zimenezi zaka zoposa 20, ndipo ndi bwino ndiponso kupewa - ndi kuposerapo.

Mu shipbuilding anapanga zinthu osati za hulls, komanso ambiri mbali mkati thupi, mayunitsi. Mipope zopangidwa duralumin, wandiweyani mipanda ndi woonda-mipanda, ntchito kulikonse kuchokera nyumba ndi aya limodzi ndi mapaipi mpweya. mapepala adagulung'undisa ntchito mu nyumba zomangamanga.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Duralumin - ndi aloyi zochokera zotayidwa, amene, monga chuma chilichonse ubwino. Pakati pawo:

• Mkulu chiwerengero cha mphamvu malo amodzi.
• Long moyo utumiki.
• Low chiopsezo ku chiwonongeko.
• Kukana kuti mapangidwe ambiri zikuwononga, makina, matenthedwe zotsatira.
• Kusinthasintha kwa ntchito china chotulutsa (zotayidwa mu mawonekedwe koyera bwino kumva seams kuwotcherera).
• Kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Pali drawback yaikulu amene ali duralumin - izo ndi kukhudzana ndi kuwonongeka dzimbiri. zinthu zonse zakuthupi kwenikweni koyera zotayidwa atavala kapena TACHIMATA ndi phunziroli ndi, kuteteza rusting.

mitengo

Purchase zinthu zolungama, mtengo anapanga malinga ndi chigawo zikuchokera. Ambiri zomera yotulutsa zitsulo sanali akakhala mubale zotayidwa. Mtengo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, makamaka ndi mtundu wa mankhwala, voliyumu, yobereka ndi zinthu zina. The zikalata m'munsili Mlengi ayenera mwachindunji ndi peresenti ya aloyi, monga GOST, ntchito.

Mtengo wa malonda duralumin (Area, chitoliro, pepala) akuyamba ku rubles 580 pa kilogalamu. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu kuchuluka kwa kotunga mtengo pa tani aloyi chitoliro ndi m'ma 510 zikwi rubles. mabwalo Dural kuyamba mu mtengo kuchokera 250 rubles pa kilogalamu. Circle - chizindikiro workpiece zakuthupi, amene gawo mtanda ndi bwalo la osiyanasiyana kukula, mankhwala kutalika mamita 3.