Far East Railway: History ndi makhalidwe

Far East Railway - waukulu zonyamula katundu ndi njira yolumikizana likulu la Russia ndi malo pafupi ndi Pacific Ocean. Panopa, mtengo wa mzere uwu n'zovuta Musaone. Kuposa zaka za mbiri ya Far East Railway ndi chidwi osati okonda, komanso kwa onse amene amasamala za m'mbuyomu dziko lathu.

Poganizira zimene zinachitika

Ganizo Kumangidwa kwa latsopano njanji kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali - kwambiri anatambasula anali kulankhulana, akulephera yobereka katundu ku mayiko akutali a ufumuwo. Mu 1886, Bwanamkubwa-General wa kum'mawa Siberia ndi dera Amur anali atapereka maganizo kumanga mizere sitima zambiri kuchokera Tomsk ndi Vladivostok kwa midzi yakutali. Ndi m'ma 1887 mwatsatanetsatane ichi kale takambirana pa msonkhano othandiza m'dera la kum'mwera kwa Siberia ananditumiza zomangamanga ulendo kufufuza kuthekera kwa polojekiti ndi kuphunzira nthawi kukhazikitsa.

Mpainiya ndi injiniya

Far East njanji alitcha kwambiri oyamba a akatswiri ake. Dzina la omanga loyamba la Far East Railway wawonekera undeservedly kuiwalika. Ndipo anali Alexander Ivanovich Ursati anali ndi mwayi woyamba pochitika njira wonse kuchokera Comtal kwa Vladivostok. njira zosiyanasiyana akupanga njira yawo pa msewu kwa m'midzi ndi woyendayendawu wogontha m'mapaki, sitima injiniya kumanga njira ndi kuphunzira mtunda umene udzachitike Far East Railway. Mwatsoka, chibwenzi, palibe malo a njanji mzere si dzina lake ulemu.

Kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi

Poyamba, anakonza njanji kudziwika monga Ussuri. Chotero mutu anapata ndi lalikulu Ussuri mtsinje umene madzi ake akuyenda kudzera gawo lalikulu la Primorsky Krai - kuchokera Khabarovsk kwa Vladivostok. Payokha, ziwembu awiri anakonza mzere: North Ussuriiskaya nthambi gawo ataphimbidwa ndi Art. Grafskaya kuti Khabarovsk. Chigawo kum'mwera zinakonzedwa kutsogolera ku siteshoni chomwecho kwa Vladivostok. Mwambo kumangidwa kwa njanji woyamba unachitika mu 1891 ku Vladivostok, pamaso pa banja lachifumu ndi a nduna. Mwala maziko chinaikidwa pa siteshoni Vladivostok Tsarevich Nicholas - tsogolo Mfumu Nicholas II la Russia.

Zigawo loyamba

Mu 1892, Russia anayamba kutsogolera ntchito yomanga njanji. Mutu wa ntchitoyi anapatsidwa uthenga ulalikidwa Vyazemsky - ndi womanga odziwa amene wagwira ntchito kwa zaka makumi atatu m'madera osiyanasiyana Russia. Pa malo osankhidwa, ntchito msewu anapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera omaliza maphunziro St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Akatswiri. Pakuti zoyendera zipangizo zofunika anaikidwa wothandiza Misewu, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa zofunika mitsempha magalimoto onse a Primorsky Gawo.

Vuto chachikulu mwadzidzidzi adanyamuka nkhani ya ogwira ntchito yomanga. Akumeneko anali chochepa - anali kuchita akaidi ku ukapolo, asilikali. Pofika mu 1895 chiwerengero cha anthu kutumikira ziganizo zifukwa chigawenga ndale, anali 11 chikwi. Man. Kwa iwo, m'misasa okhazikika inakhazikitsidwa, wopangidwa mwa m'misasa nyumba chitetezo, osambira, zodyeramo ndi anaziika nsanja. Koma asilikaliwo anali kuwatumiza kudzera panyanja yaitali kum'mwera njira ku Odessa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Indian Ocean. Kusambira amatenga miyezi ingapo, limodzi ndi bursts miliri otentha. The kokafikira anali Vladivostok.

Chifukwa cha ntchito chosadzikonda wa asilikali komanso akaidi mu 1894 anaikidwa mu ntchito Yuzhno-Ussuri nthambi msewu, komanso mbali wakumpoto wa njira inatha patapita zaka zitatu. Far East pasiteshoni ya sitima imene kuphimba dera Amur ndi Far East, anakhazikitsidwa.

okwerera sitima

Ussuriysk akale msewu mu Baibulo loyamba lija okwerera 39. Pakati pawo - siteshoni Ruzhino linakhazikitsidwa ndi ochokera kumayiko Ukraine, Art. Manzovka (panopa Sibirtsevo), Art. Busse, dzina lake polemekeza msilikali Russian ndi wofufuza N. V. Busse Far East. Musaiwale oyeza ndi akatswiri yapachiweniweni: maina LM Rozengarda vs Ilovaisky, V. V. Gedike mayina zigawo ku Khabarovsk kuti mabikini. Ndipo tsopano Far East Railway ali 358 okwerera ukugwira ntchito pa zigawo zosiyana njanji.

Economic ndiponso madera makhalidwe a Far East Railway

Panopa Far East Railway ali pafupifupi 7470 kuchokera kwa utali wonse wa njira za iwo mu opareshoni mosalekeza ndi zoposa 6000 Km. Mwachirengedwe, msewu uwu umadutsa zigawo zisanu Far East - Amur AD, Ayuda Autonomous Region, mu Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk Gawo, lili nthambi mu Republic of Sakha. Kukopa kwake likuyenda kumadera ena a Far East. Chabe Far East chikoka m'dera ndi oposa 40% ya m'dziko la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Far East Kwanjanji m'mphepete mwa Hani siteshoni East Siberia njanji siteshoni pa kumenya ndi Arkhara alumikizidwa Zabayskalskoy sitima. Pamodzi kutalika lonse la njira yake yagawidwa m'magawo anayi, amene overseen ndi m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, ogwirizana mu ambulera ya "Far East Railway." Khabarovsk - Dipatimenti NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3 ndi Tynda - NOD4. Komanso, Far East Railway conventionally ogaŵikana mbali ziwiri zazikulu - kumpoto latitudinal ndi waukulu ndithu. N'zokhudza ndi Tambasula ka njanji rokadnymi: Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Layimu-Urgal. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti alenge convoys mmene kukumana lonse thirakiti.

n'kofunika kwambiri njanji

makhalidwe ziriri ya Far East Railway kupereka zifukwa kuona ngati mmodzi wa mmene kukumana zikulu ndi njira mwakwera dera. Pazaka 2015 mu njira ya Far East Railway wakhala amadutsa oposa 42 zikwi. Matani katundu ndi za 5000 anthu akhala akupindula ndi msewu utumiki Far East monga anthu. Msana amapereka mayendedwe zofunika pabanja ndi mayiko - mu kugwira ntchito bwinobwino mu Japan amalonda chidwi, Mongolia, Korea ndi China, omwe kugulitsa katundu wawo m'dziko lathu. kasamalidwe katundu ikuchitika ku malo umodzi ulamuliro ankakhala mu mzinda wa Khabarovsk.

Far East sitima mtsempha wamagazi moyenerera ali ndi malo kutsogolera mu kusanja bwino mayendedwe a katundu zimagulitsidwa ndi kunja, yomwe pafupifupi theka la okwana katundu malonda ku Russia komanso kuposa kotala la Ulendo wa malonda kunja mayiko ena. Ndiyamika mmene kukumana streamlined DVZhD Office inanena kuti mu 2016 ku Far East maulendo msewu zakonzedwa kunyamula matani oposa mamiliyoni 116 Katundu ku adiresi ya Pacific Ocean madoko. mumaganiza zabwino kukula kwa malonda ndi anansi ake kum'mawa angathe kuneneratu kuwonjezeka kwambiri zoyendera njanji m'tsogolo kwambiri.

kasamalidwe

Pamene chaka cha 2015 chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ya Far East Railway anali oposa 40 zikwi. Anthu ntchito mu utumiki wa msewu uwu. khwalala Zimapatsanso anthu ntchito m'dera ndi chidaliro m'tsogolo.

Management wa Far East Railway mwachindunji pansi JSC "njanji Russian" ndipo ndi structural nthambi. Mkulu wa Far East Railway amatenga Maklygin 2015 N. Motsogozedwa ake onse akugwira m'madera amene umagwira ntchito ya Far East Railway. Adiresi ofesi DVZhD - Komsomolsk pa-Amur, Khabarovsk Gawo. Various Kupititsa ulamuliro ndi kasamalidwe awo.

chitetezo mapulogalamu

Malinga ndi mutu wa kasamalidwe Khabarovsk Far East, ntchito ndi kupewa otetezeka njira ya Far East Railway patsogolo. Mu 2015, pa maukonde msewu wa East Far mayina mwadzidzidzi 18, limene anthu atatu anafa. ngozi onse anali ndi vuto madalaivala amene ntchito ndi galimoto ndi malamulo magalimoto.

Kudzachita chitetezo anaukira malo anasankhidwa njira mwa Nogliki-Korsakov. Kuti Atchule zotsatira za sanali kugwilizana ndi malamulo a chitetezo sitima magalimoto ziyikidwe mu malo aakulu ndi magalimoto angapo, wosweka pangoziyi. Choncho njanjiyi ndayesera kukumbutsa ziziyenda cha ngozi imene ayende dalaivala pa ulendo wa njanji. Kuwonjezera antchito nawo zochita za anthu ogwira apolisi magalimoto ndi oimira "kampani Transport" Municipal Unitary ogwira ntchito.