Moss Aquarium: zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu otchuka. Kodi kukula Moss Aquarium

Maonekedwe chapadera cha thanki aliyense sikudalira pamaso pa anthu zosowa, ndi chilolezo ake ku malo okongola. Pangani wapadera m'madzi mkati - ntchito chidwi kwambiri. Chifukwa chaichi mitundu yonse ya zinthu zokongoletsera ndipo, ndithudi, zosiyanasiyana zomera, kuphatikizapo malo a ulemu Moss Aquarium. Izi malo wobiriwira ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri zinthu m'ndende, koma mkulu wa mtengo zokongoletsa, amene analandira chilengedwe kuzindikira aquarists.

The zosiyanasiyana bryophytes

Onse kufala Moss banja a gulu la zomera apamwamba, koma iwo ali wosazindikira ambiri a iwo. Pankhaniyi, iwo anaonekera kale kwambiri kuposa mbewu - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 440 zaka zapitazo. Pakali pano, pali za 10,000 mitundu ndere, umene ndi magulu atatu aakulu:

• Bryophyta - ndere weniweni
• Marchantiophyta - liverworts
• Anthocerotophyta - antotserotovye.

Mfundo gulu zachokera mbali zapadera maonekedwe a Moss, mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a masamba ndi zimayambira, pamaso pa mitsempha masamba, ndi nthambi khalidwe mapesi, etc. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa liverworts ku mitundu ina chabe: .. Iwo alibe zimayambira, masamba ndi mizu .

zinthu kukula mossy

ndere m'madzi, zithunzi za amene anapereka m'munsimu, mosavuta azolowere zinthu iliyonse malo. Mitundu yambiri akhoza bwino kukhala mu madzi kutentha osiyanasiyana +15 ... +30 ° C. Mlingo zounikira ndi sunali muyezo ovuta monga kuuma madzi. Chinthu chokha chimene amafuna zomera zonse za m'madzi, Moss kuphatikizapo - ndi nthawi tsankho watsopano wa madzi (20-30% ya okwana a) kupereka mchere atsopano.

Pakuti rooting wa bryophytes watsopano pa gawo lapansi angamvetsere, privalivayut miyala ing'onoing'ono ndipo ngakhale muiike. Komabe, pali mitundu ya ndere Aquarium kuti musati ngakhale ayenera kukonza zosakhalitsa.

Onse katundu pamwamba pa ndere kuwapanga iwo zipangizo mosalekeza kwa Aquarium yokongola.

Kukongoletsa katundu wa ndere

bryophytes kwambiri ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono zomera, amene kawirikawiri kuposa 4-5 cm. Koma pali mitundu ya ndere Aquarium, amene amakula theka mita.

Ndere mulibe zimayambira woona ndi masamba. Mbali zomera ofanana ndi mapesi, wotchedwa kaulidiyami ndi masamba - phylloids.

Mitundu yofala ndere Aquarium a kalasi ya ndere izi. Si kale mu Aquarium ntchito owerengeka mitundu ya zomera, koma lero mndandanda wawo kukodzedwa kwambiri. M'munsimu muli chidwi kwambiri Aquarium ndere, zithunzi zimene zingakuthandizeni kuona awo kwambiri katundu kukongoletsa. Kenako, tikambirana za kwambiri ndi otchuka mitundu.

Moss Phoenix

Dzina la Aquarium ndi Moss Phoenix analandira achilendo mtundu wa masamba mbali, yomwe ili pa elongated mbale ngati nthenga lodziwika bwino Phoenix. Moss ichi chimakula m'malo pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndi masentimita 3 kutalika. Amachita bwino Aquarium gawo lapansi, akhoza kukula pa nthaka, snags, gululi, boulders lalikulu.

Moss Aquarium Phoenix amaoneka ngati kasupe wamng'ono. Mwa njira, chipembedzo chachiwiri - Fissidens fontanus. Chimakula ndi kukula gulu kuchokera pakati m'mbali, chokhala kasupe mazira. mphukira umodzi wotsala pa chikuni choyandama kapena mwala, pafupi miyezi iwiri kenako limakula fluffy kugundana ozungulira mawonekedwe mdima mtundu wobiriwira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kaya njira kulima ndi ndikutchetcha, Moss Phoenix mulimonse patapita nthawi kutenga mawonekedwe ozungulira.

zosiyanasiyana uyu wa Moss lalikulu, kotero iye si mantha Siamese ndere - okonda wotchuka Moss.

Zomera ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri - iye sayenera kuyatsa kuwala, zakudya zina ina ndi NKHA _2. Komabe, kulimbikitsa ndi mtima wa "fluffy", izo m'pofunika kuchita kudyetsa Phoenix mu Mlingo ang'ono ndi osachepera pang'ono chakudya mpweya.

Posankha malo yokumba fissidens zambiri anaika pa mbali looneka ngati izo zikuwoneka chidwi kwambiri ngakhale kuyerekeza ndi mitundu ina wokongola wa zomera kuti moyo mu Aquarium ndi. aquarists ambiri zambiri amakonda zonse kubzala dera Aquarium yekha zomera, ndipo izo zikuwoneka chodabwitsa.

lawi Moss

Izi Aquarium Moss ayamba yekha mu kutchuka pakati hobbyists. Lilinso ndi mkulu decorativeness, ndipo kungakhale aliyense chokongoletsera weniweni yokumba dziwe. dzina lake kunatanthauzanso kupanga masamba mbewu, kenako zokongola pindilani ndi kuyang'ana ngati moto. Ndipo tsamba ndondomeko mpukutu zambiri tima, m'pamenenso madzi.

Akuwombera iye pang'ono nthambi, kukula makamaka molunjikitsa. M'lifupi mmera kukula pang'onopang'ono, kufika msinkhu wa masentimita 15. Mu lawi kwambiri Moss ntchito yokongola pakati ndipo mbali kumbuyo kwa Aquarium lapansi.

Chinthu chapadera zosiyanasiyana ichi ndi otsika mphamvu prirastaniya kwa gawo lapansi ndi. Mogwirizana ndi mamangidwe a chikuni choyandama ndi miyala anachita ndi kuika iwo tchire ndi mzere nsomba. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza inu kusuntha zokongoletsa ndi Moss mu madera osiyana a thanki, ngati n'koyenera.

Moss Chijavanisi

Aquarium mbewu Java Moss amadziwika kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ambiri ntchito kamangidwe ka Aquarium malo. Izi - chomera ndi amphibious, popeza mulole bwino ndi chitukuko khola osati madzi komanso mpweya yonyowa yozungulira.

Aquarium Chijavanisi Moss ali kwambiri kukongoletsa deta yomwe chofunika kukhalabe zinthu zina. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutentha osiyanasiyana chifukwa kulima bwino zomera +24 ... +28 ° C. Ngati kutentha kugwa m'munsimu +22 ° C, izi Aquarium Moss pafupifupi mabasi kukula, ngakhale akuzisunga chikuoneka kwa masabata angapo.

Yogwira ayankhe ndi kuwumitsa madzi si yovuta, koma ntchito kuwala. Ngakhale kuti zosiyanasiyana uyu akhoza yaitali kukhalapo mu mdima pafupifupi onse, kukula, ndipo limatipatsa kukongoletsa kuwala.

Angavutike maonekedwe a zomera ndi chifukwa cha ndalama nkhani zizikhala madzi imene imagwiritsidwa wosakongola ❖ kuyanika pa nthambi zake. Amachititsa turbidity ali burrowing nsomba pansi ndipo nthawi akuthamanga mpweya kompresa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Moss mtundu algae, zikuwononga moyo mbewu. Pa nthawi yomweyo kubwerera mkhalidwe wabwino wa mtundu uwu wa Moss sizingatheke ngakhale ndi tima madzi kusefera. Choncho pamaso kukula Aquarium Moss m'kalasimo, awonetsetse zinthu zoyenera, yekha ndiye akhoza kukhala ulemerero weniweni wa dziwe kunyumba.

Moss kladofora

Izi wina chomera zofala mu Aquarium ndi. Dzina chachiwiri - Aquarium Moss-mpira, koma kwenikweni kuti ndere izo ziribe kanthu kochita. Bright wobiriwira fluffy apezeka - mzinda wa tosaoneka wobiriwira ulusi algae kukula mu mawonekedwe a dera a. Ngati mikhalidwe zabwino Aquarium ndi Aquarium Moss-mpira (kladofora) kungakhale kangapo lalikulu kuposa kukula wapachiyambi.

Ngakhale kuti algae mu m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera ali oipa, zilombo wokongola nazonso. Iwo sakudziwa kuwononga zomera, satsatira miyambo kukongoletsa ndi galasi. Mkati mwa mpira wapangidwa mbali ya algae akufa kuti isanduke zotanuka filament yokhotakhota. Njuchi chomwecho amakhala mfundo imeneyi ozungulira. Ngati mpira Kadulidwa, inu mumatenga kalipeti fluffy, kumene mukhoza udzu wobiriwira pansi pa Aquarium lapansi.

Moss-mpira ali ndi wokongola maonekedwe, komanso ali ngati siponji, madzi anadutsa pamene kukwaniritsa kusefera ake. Mu Aquarium ndi zomera wakhala kudziwika kwa mazana a zaka ndipo komabe sanataye kufunika kwake.

Moss Riccia

Moss Izi zimagawidwa monga liverworts. Iwo amayandama pamwamba madzi n'kupanga zilumba wokongola, wotchedwa thalli. The Aquarium Ricci nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati shader achilengedwe kapena gawo lapansi kwa spawning mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zomwe mukufuna kubisa mwachangu. Komanso, mbewu ndi yabwino gwero chakudya zamoyo zambiri zamiyendo Inayi m'madzi.

Riccia ndi zofunika kwambiri makamaka amatunga yokumba ndi mitundu viviparous nsomba. M'nkhalango akuyandama mwachangu awo ndi malo Othawirapo, komanso amapereka chakudya chofunikira. A mitundu kukhotakhota nsomba ntchito timitengo Moss kumanga zisa zawo za thovu.

Kwa chitukuko wabwino Ricci ayenera kwambiri anayatsa, T. Kwa. Chifukwa chosowa zilumba kuwala apasuke mu timphukira yaing'ono. Komabe, dzuwa ndi incandescent kuunikira, zomera ndi contraindicated, ngati angathe kuyambitsa zilonda zamoto. Zofukiza Mpofunika ntchito anatsogolera kapena nyali fulorosenti.

The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutentha osiyanasiyana chifukwa Ricci wa +22 ... +26 ° C. Pamene kutentha akutsikira m'munsimu +20 ° C, zomera kukula mochedwa, ngakhale maonekedwe anakhalabe. Kuti akonze omasuka malo Aquarium ayenera yokutidwa ndi chivindikiro. Mtundu wa Moss amakhudzidwa kapangidwe ndi madzi - chitukuko zake zabwino, tiyenera kukhala ofewa. Yotithandiza kukula ayenera nthawi zonse m'malo madzi.

Riccia angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chophimbira zomera nthaka ndi snags pamaso pa kuwala. Kuchulukana Moss ichi, kungoti pang'ono nthambi ka Thallus, kuti msanga odzazidwa pamwamba madzi.

Moss kiyi

dzina lina zosiyanasiyana za - fontinalis. Iwo ali zofewa chilili zimayambira 20-25 masentimita kutalika, limene lili ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba woonda ndi zazing'ono triangular mawonekedwe. m'nkhalango zowirira za mdima wobiriwira ndinu yokongola kwambiri ya Aquarium lapansi.

The vuto lalikulu mu fontinalis kulima ndi seasonality zomera ake. Mu chilimwe, pamene kutentha mu thanki kusungidwa mu +25 ... +27 ° C, mbewu angamasuke kwambiri. Koma ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira kutentha akutsikira pang'ono, koma nthawi iyi Moss zofunika zina. Mu pompo-pompo fontinalis wintering pa +2 ... +4 ° C, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira izo Aquarium "otentha." Pa nkhani imeneyi, ngakhale akasinja unheated, zosiyanasiyana izi sakhala kuposa chaka.

Pankhani amafuna madzi, ayenera pang'ono acidic kapena ndale zofewa, ndipo onetsetsani kuti ayeretse. Choncho kufunika ogwira madzi kusefera ndi ntchito akvabionty abwino.

okhala abwino a m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera fontinalis ankaona characins yaing'ono ndi nsomba viviparous. Large, makamaka kukumba pansi ndi mavuto aakulu pa mbewu.

Kiyi Moss imabereka ndi kugawa chitsamba. Bwino chabe kugula chitsanzo chachikulu Ufumuyo gawo lapansi, chikuni choyandama kapena mwala, kudikira mpaka chomera chidzakula ndiye muchigawane zigawo.

Kupanga zinthu yabwino kwa Moss

Amapanga madzi machulukitsidwe uglekislorodom

Onse ndere m'madzi, za amene anapereka pamwamba, kusowa kwa madzi samaona, kotero simufa. Komabe, iwo angathe zoipa, ndi chifukwa amakonda chosowa chakudya.

Amadziwika kuti dzuwa chikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zomera dzuwa mphamvu ndi kumwa mpweya woipa kusungunuka m'madzi. Mwamphamvu wonyeketsa NKHA ₂ pa masana, zomera za m'madzi kuchepetsa ndende zake madzi okha ndi chifukwa cha kuvutika. Mwachitsanzo, mayamwidwe wa NKHA ₂ ufulu fontinalis madzi pH ukufika 8,8 index, i.e. izo basified. Mofananamo, zinthu ndi zomera zina.

Zinthu kubwezeretsa chilengedwe cha kuperewera kwa mpweya woipa mu malo sachoka alibe, kotero muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mlingo wake ayenera kuvomerezedwa. Apitirira madzi photosynthesis mlingo wapamwamba koposa ubwenzi ndi. Pa nkhani imeneyi m'pofunika kuti mupereke mu Aquarium zonse, koma osati amphamvu kwambiri madzi panopa. Izi zikachitika, ndere m'madzi ndi zomera zina womasuka.

pamwamba kuvala

Kufunika yaying'ono ndi zazikulu akukumana ndere zonse za m'madzi. amanena zingasiyane malingana mitundu makamaka mbewu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Mwachitsanzo, akuchuluka mu ndende nitrate amalimbikitsa kukula kwa wotchedwa chlorophyll (wobiriwira pigment) mu Mitundu ina ya ndere, koma kuvulaza anthu ena.

Pafupifupi onse kufalitsa Moss osaganiza feteleza komanso ammonium. Komanso, ngati nitrate wogwirizira ammonium, koma anthu ambiri asafe amakhalabe mkulu, mbewu akhoza kusiya kukula ndipo ngakhale kufa. Choncho ngati ntchito m'malo nitrate potaziyamu urea, mlingo wake akhale ochepa.

Mokhudzana ndi mkuwa, ndiye pamene wokhutira mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi mu kuchuluka kwa 0.01 mg ndi wotchedwa chlorophyll ndende amakhala pazipita, ndipo ngati mlingo ziwonjezeke kwa 10 ml pa lita, izo kutaya chloroplast mtundu wobiriwira.

Phosphorus, monga ulamuliro, ndi zotsatira zabwino pa zomwe ndere m'madzi. Ndipo mmodzi wa zakudya kwambiri kuti zomera ndi calcium. Komabe, mu woipa mkulu pa ndere izi (bryophytes) ndi zinthu zoipa, monga kovuta mayamwidwe cations ena.

Kashiamu ndi magnesium, chifukwa mpikisano mwagwirizana mu njira kagayidwe kachakudya, kuchepetsa mayamwidwe mphamvu ayoni a.

Mwatsoka, funso chikoka cha zakudya kufanana osiyana a chitukuko cha Aquarium Moss akadali insufficiently kuphunzira. Monga ulamuliro, chikhalidwe ambiri a mitundu ya ndere kukula mofulumira kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi onse m'dzinja. M'nyengo yozizira ndi masika zakudya ndi zochepa, chotero amachepetsa kukula kugunda.

Tizilombo Aquarium ndere

Adani yaikulu ya bryophytes mu Aquarium ndi ndere-nsomba, nkhanu Amano, nkhono ndi algae.

Pofuna algae akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito 5 peresenti njira ya zothetsa kuthimbirira. Zomera matenda algae kumizidwa mu njira chlorine chipolowe chifukwa angapo Mphindi. Pambuyo kupeza algae woyera, Moss kosangalatsa mu chidebe ndi madzi woyera, nasamba bwinobwino. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti ndondomeko akhoza kulimbana osati mitundu yonse ya bryophytes. A njira zambiri yaulemu ya kuyeretsa ndi ntchito algae mu masiku pang'ono mu Aquarium madzi glutaraldehyde mu chiwerengero cha 10-15 mamilimita / 100 L.

Pomaliza

Ubwino angatsutse wa ndere Aquarium ndi plasticity awo ya zamoyo, m'kukoma luso chosaneneka atengere osiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri za zinthu kunja. Komanso, kufalikira Moss banja zimakhalanso wosakwiya kukula, kuti mwayi wawo undoubted kuti Aqua. Mbali imeneyi kumatha kufunika zikunena kawirikawiri mu zikuchokera, zosanjidwa Moss. Ndipo ambiri Chofunika: ndere - poyerekeza ndi zomera zina za m'madzi - ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri, zomwe ndithudi zimawachititsa mulingo woyenera ndi chilengedwe kudzera mwa Aquarium zokongoletsa.