Koopsa vuto moyo chitetezo. Oopsa ndipo mwadzidzidzi zinthu. mavuto oopsa khalidwe lachibadwa

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti anthu ongoyendayenda tsiku ngozi anapereka. Ngakhale pamene muli kunyumba, inu pachiswe kukhala wolumala kapena kufa, ndi mavuto oopsa mumzinda mukam'bisalire kwa inu pa mphambano iliyonse. "Tsoka kwa moyo, likukhalira!" - munganene. Kwenikweni, palibe. Ngati mutsatira malamulo osavuta chitetezo, zikatero akhoza kupewedwa ndi kukanidwa. Kuwonjezera pa kudziŵa mmene zinthu, mukhoza kubweretsa zotsatira zoipa yochepa.

Kodi mavuto? tanthauzo

Kuyamba ndi ife adzamvetsa mu wotani zinthu angatchedwe moona oopsa. Ngati tipempha mwana za zaka zisanu, iye subjectively angayankhe kuti mavuto - ndi pamene Mwachitsanzo, chidole ankakonda linathyoka. Chabwino, ife kupereka tanthauzo yeniyeni.

mavuto - ndi pamene muli loopsa kwambiri thanzi ndi moyo wa munthu, malo kapena chuma. Iwo angagwe mwadzidzidzi ndipo amafuna nthaŵi yomweyo.

Kodi ngozi?

M'nkhani ino tikambirana si owopsa okha, komanso zinthu mwadzidzidzi. Yotsirizira kumachitika chifukwa cha tsokalo, masoka achilengedwe , ngozi pa ogwira ntchito yaikulu. Zingayambitse kapena zinapha ambiri, wautali kwambiri zinthu kuwonongeka, ndi kuwonongeka lakuthwa mu chilengedwe.

kufanizitsa

nthawi zonse oopsa zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malingana zimayambitsa awo:

1. Natural khalidwe.

2. zopangidwa.

3. Chikhalidwe anthu.

zinthu lomwa

Natural mavuto oopsa zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 8. Gawo zachokera anachokera. Taonani zitsanzo za zinthu zoopsa. Komanso kuŵapatulanya malinga ndi mtundu.

1. Kodi kutsegula mndandanda lotchedwa "Koopsa ngozi za khalidwe chachibadwidwe" cosmogenic tsoka. Iwo mwina kwambiri zikuluzikulu zotsatira. Pakuti zowopseza cosmogenic monga kugwa asteroid, yamvumbi chammwamba, mikuntho ya maginito, komanso kugunda kwa dziko lathu ndi comets ndi meteorites. Zotsatira za zochitika ngati zimenezi ndi mantha, koma mwamwayi, asayansi amatha younikira ndi njira yodutsamo zinthu zakuthambo ndipo mudzatha kuti achenjeze anthu za kuopsa. Komanso, meteorites zing'onozing'ono kuwombera pansi kuchokera kanjira ndi kusintha zochita zawo, kuti anthu imfa "miyala Yochokera mlengalenga" sanayambebe pangozi.

2. Geophysical. Pompeii unawonongedwa pansi, komanso Japan mowirikiza akuvutika chifukwa cha zochitika geophysical. Inu anaganiza? Mu gulu ili ife monga kuphulitsa mapiri, ndi zivomezi. Kumva mantha zonse masoka geophysical kudzakuthandizani kupenta ndi Karl Bryullov, omwe anakhala pachimake pa ntchito yake. 3. Weather. Izi aakulu mikuntho, mphepo zamkuntho ndi Anthufe tikuvutika. Padakali palibe aliyense matchalitchi makamaka chifukwa chake pali mphepo ndi Anthufe tikuvutika. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti zomwe zidzachitike mkati "zimaphala" amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuphunzira. Komabe, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zikuchitika pa mphambano ya ofunda ndi ozizira mumlengalenga kutsogolo. Anthufe tikuvutika ndi chidwi kowononga, ndi zifukwa zomveka anthu ankakhulupirira chilango cha Mulungu.

4. nthaka. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo kugumuka, mathithi thanthwe, zigumukire, pamwamba subsidence, karst, kukokoloka, fumbi mikuntho. Kuopseza "imfa woyera", monga iwo ukutchedwa chigumukire, padzakhala anthu amene akufuna kupuma nthawi yomweyo pogwiritsa ski.

Chigumukire ungadzakhazikitsidwe wa chisanu youma, kuyambira chisanu chisanu, chisanu pafupifupi sanachite pa nthawi ino ndi mzake, ndi misa, monga ufa, ndi liwiro lalikulu ndi wokonzeka kugwa kuchokera Phokoso kakang'ono pansi kapena kulira mokweza. mpweya ladzala ndi fumbi la chisanu ndi skier adzafa momvetsa, wefuwefu.

Chigumukire wa chisanu yonyowa zidzachitika ngati thermometer imati 0 digiri Celsius. Ngati mukufuna Masewerera a Ski potsetsereka mu mapiri, kumbukirani golide ulamuliro: kumene chigumukire, izo adzatsika kachiwiri.

mavuto oopsa khalidwe zachilengedwe ndi zodziwikiratu kwambiri, onetsetsani kuti ntchito zambiri pamwambapa.

5. Hydrometeorological. Mvula, snowfalls, lalikulu matalala, chilala, kuchepa lakuthwa kutentha, kutentha ndi mumamva, ndi Mkuntho. zoterezi ali kwambiri kuopseza mbewu ndi zingachititse kuti chitukuko cha matenda. Ngati dera wako Analengeza kutentha anomalous, ozizira, mpweya, ndiye yesetsani kusiya nyumba, mwinamwake chiopsezo kuti ataye nthawi kuchipatala msanga.

6. Hydrological. zinthu izi zokhudzana madzi, inu anaganiza izo. Izo zimabwerera, madzi osefukira, maonekedwe oyambirira ayezi pa mitsinje, amene athamanga bwalo, kutsitsa ndi kuukitsidwa kwa madzi. Zikumveka, ndithudi, si monga wowopsa ngati kuphulika kwa phiri, koma ndizo basi yoopsa ndithu. Kumuopseza ndi imfa ya mbewu ndi zomvetsa zakuthupi ndiponso kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.

7. sitima hydrological. Zikuphatikizapo mkuntho, tsunami, mphepo yamkuntho, ayezi kulowerera ndi zombo ayezi.

Chifukwa zombo akhoza ayezi? Mfundo yaikulu ndiyakuti otchedwa akukhavukira chotengera. madzi nyanja chifukwa mphepo kapena mantha mafunde pa bolodi pamene mlengalenga mofulumira utakhazikika mu ozizira, choncho pa nthawi pali ayezi pa khungu la kutumphuka, limene yekha limakula ndi kukula, kenako chimakwirira lokulirapo.

Izi kwambiri kumalepheretsa kayendedwe: amphamvu controllability chatsitsa ukapezeka mpukutu liwiro la yafupika. zodabwitsazi ndi zinadzala ndi ngozi zambiri.

8. Natural moto. N'chifukwa chiyani zidzachitika? Nthawi zina izi chifukwa chilala, mitengo ndi nthaka youma mpaka kuyatsa. Koma nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa peat. Komanso, kuwaika amamuchititsa zokha azinyadira ndi kutentha pansi pa madzi! mavuto oopsa khalidwe zachilengedwe zambiri kukhala mu sewero sizimadziwika.

Opangidwa dziko

Taphunzira, kodi oopsa achilengedwe mwadzidzidzi, tsopano masoka munthu. Iwo nthawizonse kugwirizana ndi ntchito zothandiza munthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zotsatira zawo zili zoipa kwa chilengedwe ndi ambiri anaphedwa. Taganizirani siyana ndi zitsanzo za zinthu zoopsa.

1. ngozi Transport. Chiwerengero cha anthu anapha m'misewu ndi likunena kuwonjezeka. Monga ya kanjedza 2013 zakuda: hafu miliyoni amafa pa chaka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira kwa akatswiri, mwatsoka, ndi 2030, pali mwayi kuti mlingo imfa pafupifupi miliyoni 3.5 anthu chaka! M'mayiko otukuka chiwerengero cha anthu amene ngozi zonyamulira mu malo chachisanu, pamodzi ndi chifuwa chachikulu, malungo ndi HIV. Tiyeneranso anati za kuwonongedwa kwa ndege ndi sitima, pa ngozi pa zombo ndi sitima zankhondo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha imfa mwa mayendedwe yoipa.

2. kugwa mwadzidzidzi ndi nyumba. Izi zimachitika pamene zinthu watha mphamvu kale kapena bwino anamanga nyumba, malo olakwika.

Ngati inu munazindikira ming'alu mu wapakamwa pa nyumba yake, onetsetsani kulankhula ndi utumiki koyenera, monga mwa nyumba. Pali mapulogalamu apadera resettlement wa anthu m'nyumba mwadzidzidzi.

Moto ndi mabomba

Tonse ndife wolephera. Mofananamo, zamagetsi akhoza kosatha popanda zolakwika iliyonse. Nyumba, pa kusungiramo zinthu flammable zinthu, mu yapansi panthaka, pafupi dud ndi ... A zambiri malo chinachake mum'chotse moto, amaphulika ndi kuwononga zambiri mpaka kalekale. Izi ndi zinthu kwenikweni oopsa. Moyo chitetezo kusukulu ya pulaimale amatiphunzitsa zoyenera kuchita ngati moto mu nyumbayi, momwe angachitire, kopita. Kumbukiraninso malamulo yosavuta:

• Pomwepo kuitana moto kulemba 112 kapena 01.
• Kodi si mantha. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, inu mukhoza kuchita chinthu mopusa.
• Chitani kuzimitsa moto ndi madzi okha kukachitika kuti palibe ngozi mantha magetsi.
• Ngati utsi ndende ndi mkulu, kutseka ziwalo kupuma ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kapena mpango, galimoto miyendo inayi, monga zoipa zinthu mu utsi ndi opepuka kuposa mpweya ndi kuwuka oposa.
• Ngati amadwala panopa alipo, kuthimitsa magetsi komanso zipangizo zamagetsi.
• zakumwa flammable anathira madzi choletsedwa! Gwiritsani ntchito mchenga, chida moto, chiguduli yonyowa kapena nsalu.
• Pakuti palibe mazenera lotseguka. Moto ayenera mpweya zinayambira kwambiri.
• Ngati inu simungakhoze kuyika moto panyumba, kusiya malo yomweyo awadziwitse ena, kudikira firefighters.
• Ngati njira kunja kwa nyumba inu kudula, kuchoka kwa khonde, mwamphamvu kutseka chitseko dikirani kwa thandizo, itanani odutsa.
• Usalowe malo, ngati utsi ndende ndi mkulu, ndiko kuti, aone mamita osakwana khumi.
• Atachoka nyumbayi, Mulimonsemo si kubwerera. Kudikira kubwera kwa Owapulumutsa.

The ngozi pa Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi

Tsopano ife tikupita ku kwambiri zowononga ndi woopsa. Ngozi pa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, zomera hydropower, zomera mphamvu ndi zomera chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. mavuto amenewa chikuchitika ndi laling'ono kwambiri, koma aliyense wa iwo tikuona m'maganizo anga. Zotsatira za ngozi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi umuna wa zoipa mankhwala zinthu zoopsa moyo. Emergency hydro kuopsezedwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, damu yopuma. The ngozi pa amagetsi likuoneka midima m'deralo kuti akutumikira. Ndipo ambiri a ngozi izi ankanena makumi, mazana, anthu ambirimbiri.

Mwina zinthu sanaiwale. Aliyense amakumbukira Chernobyl ngozi kumene kunachitika makumi awiri ndi chimodzi cha April 1986. A yaikulu ya poizoni ndipo nyukiliya anaonekera mu mlengalenga. Cheza milingo m'madera ena adakali kuposa zikwi kololeka kwa nthawi. ngoziyo uyu anali phunziro chankhanza kwa anthu onse. Iwo chimatengedwa ngati waukulu mu mbiri ya mphamvu za nyukiliya.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati lero injini chipinda cha mphamvu chachinayi unit. Apa, mlingo wokweretsa wa poizoni kupeza ngakhale masuti wapadera woopsa kwambiri. Pambuyo kulephera kwa riyakitala ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zoipa akhala maola pamaso pa anthu anayamba kusamutsidwa m'dera la ngozi. Chirichonse chidafundidwa ndi pachimake zoyera, koma ana anapitiriza kuyenda mu misewu, monga ngati kanthu zinachitika. Zinali mosaneneka otentha, anthu anapita kukawedza, gombe, pamene padziko lonse pafupifupi anayatsa ku cheza. Chifukwa chosasamala izi zikwi amwalira chifukwa cha matenda aakulu cheza.

Pripyat wakhala tauni mzimu. Kwa zaka zingapo, palibe munthu wamoyo. Aliyense akudziwa zimene angabwere zinafuna imeneyi oopsa. Moyo chitetezo sekondale akulingalira zotsatira ndi zinthu onsewa awa lonse kuti ife akudziwa mantha zonse ubwana zinthu zimenezi, ndipo anachita zonse zimene anali nazo mphamvu zathu kuwaletsa. N'zosadabwitsa mu Pripyat ndi malo ozungulira anakakhala mitundu yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera. Mwa njira, ngakhale pano anthu moyo.

mavuto oopsa khalidwe chikhalidwe

Kwa iwo tithe kugwira zochitika akumane kwambiri ndi njira zikuchitika mmadera, n'loopsa mwachindunji kwa moyo wa munthu, ufulu ndi kumasulika, komanso katundu.

Chifukwa cha kuopsa chikhalidwe

Tiyeni tione gwero la chiyambi cha mavuto amenewa. Zofananazo zimachitika chifukwa chakuti anthu sikungathetse yaikulu nkhani malamulo, chuma, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi zina zotero. Anthu amene sanaonepo zoyembezereka akatswiri, humanists Mwachitsanzo, za kukunda njala ndiponso kuthandiza osowa. mavuto amenewa amakhala pachimake kwambiri pa nthawi ndi chifukwa kumveka anthu a. Poyambira pa mavuto oopsa a mtundu angakhale ulova, azachuma, ndale mavuto otsika muyezo wa amoyo, ziphuphu, etc. Zikatero, munthu akalingalira kuti adziphe, winayo -. Kuti kulanda sitolo, kupha munthu kugwiririra munthu, kubwezera ndi pa. Anthu ena akhama mumaganiza za lingaliro kuti: "Tiyenera kusintha chinachake, koma kamodzi boma sanandimvere, adzayenera chitani kanthu kwakukulu.". Ndiyeno iwo bungwe kusintha. Chabwino, pa wamng'ono kwambiri wotengeka ndi mavuto a m'maganizo pakubwera lingaliro la kulumikizanitsa dziko lonse lamulo lake, chilengedwe cha angwiro, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha dziko lapansi, etc. No zochepa zowononga ndi banal chikhumbo "kunyamula ichi tidbit a dziko palokha" kapena kufuna kupha ena.

mitundu ya zowopseza

Choncho, oopsa ndipo mwadzidzidzi zinthu zachilengedwe chitukuko anawagawa mitundu iwiri:

1. zivute Social. Iwo akhoza kupita ku thanzi yeniyeni munthu (kudzipha, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matenda chikhalidwe, ndi Zombie ku mipatuko, mwamantha, akapolo kutenga, chiwawa, uchigawenga). Izi kamodzinso zikugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti zinthu zoopsa mumzinda akutiyembekezera iliyonse.

2. usilikali. Vuto, imene ntchito ochiritsira, nyukiliya kapena zatsopano zida, monga zamoyo majini ndi cheza.

Pomaliza

Oopsa ndipo mwadzidzidzi zinthu zimachitika kulikonse, koma zimachitika ambiri a milandu ndi vuto la munthuyo. Inu muyenera kuganiza mwanzeru, kusankha zochita mwamsanga ndi kulondola, kuti mwachidwi zotheka zotsatira za zochita zawo, kapena chirichonse anthu onse adzafa zake yochepa sightedness. Kukhala wololera!