Kumwa mfundo madzi: GOST, SanPiN, ulamuliro khalidwe pulogalamu

Madzi - ndi amafotokozera, popanda imene sizingatheke zikamera wa moyo padziko lapansi. Thupi, ngati zamoyo zonse, sangaonekerenso popanda madzi opatsa moyo, chifukwa popanda izo sizigwira ntchito, palibe yochepetsetsa ya thupi. Choncho, kufufuza khalidwe la madzi akumwa ndi ntchito yofunika maganizo iliyonse za thanzi lawo ndi moyo wautali wa munthu.

chifukwa madzi

Madzi Thupi - mbali yachiwiri ya kufunika kotsatira mpweya. Mwa maselo onse, ziwalo ndi zimakhala za thupi. Izo lubricates mafupa athu, moistens diso ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous, ndi kulowerera thermoregulation, zimathandiza kuyamwa zakudya kusonyezedwa zosafunika amathandiza ziwiya mtima ndi magazi, kumaonjezera chitetezo cha m'thupi ndipo amathandiza kulimbana ndi maganizo ndi kutopa, asaaonerera kagayidwe.

Patsiku la munthu wamba ayenera kumwa malita awiri kapena atatu a madzi. Izi osachepera pa zomwe timadalira kuti tikhale athanzi ndi thanzi.

Kukhala komanso kugwira ntchito mpweya wabwino, owuma bwino podutsa mpweya malo, anthu ambiri padziko, ntchito chakudya osauka-quality, khofi, tiyi, mowa, masewera olimbitsa thupi - zonse zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti madzi m'thupi ndipo amafuna madzi zina.

Easy kuti ndikuganiza kuti mtengo uwu wa madzi mu moyo ayenera kuti katundu yoyenera. Kodi khalidwe miyezo ya madzi akumwa mu Russia lero ndipo kuti pali amafuna thupi lathu? Pa lino.

madzi aukhondo ndi thanzi la munthu

Kumene, aliyense amadziwa kuti madzi kamene timagwiritsa ntchito ayenela kukhala woyera. Zakhudzana angathe kuchititsa matenda oopsa monga:

• Kolera.
• Kamwazi.
• Typhoid malungo.
• Zangowe.
• Matenda a chikasu ndiyo.
• Malungo.
• Brucellosis.
• Various parasitic matenda.

Si kale, matenda awa ndi thanzi ofooka ndipo inapha midzi yonse. Koma lero, amafuna khalidwe madzi kulola kuti atiteteze kwa mabakiteriya onse tizilombo ndi tizilombo tina. Koma kuwonjezera tizilombo mu madzi ali ndi zinthu zambiri tebulo nthawi, zomwe ndi mowa zonse lalikulu zedi zingayambitse matenda aakulu.

Taonani zina zinthu zoopsa mankhwala

• Owonjezera chitsulo madzi amachititsa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi matenda a impso.
• A lalikulu manganese zili - kusintha.
• Pamene milingo apamwamba chlorides ndi sulfates ndi monyanyira ananena kapepala kakuti m'mimba.
• The muyeso magnesium ndi kashiamu zili madzi amapereka otchedwa chinthu chimodzimodzi ndiponso amachititsa nyamakazi lithiasis anthu (impso, mkodzo ndi pomveka ndulu).
• The fluorine zili pamwamba osiyanasiyana yachibadwa kumayambitsa mavuto aakulu ndi mano ndi m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano.
• Haidrojeni sulfide, kutsogolera Arsenic - mankhwala onse poizoni kuti zamoyo zonse.
• Uranus mu mlingo waukulu nyukiliya.
• Cadmium kumawononga ubongo zofunika kwa nthaka.
• Zotayidwa chimachititsa chiwindi ndi impso matenda, kuchepa magazi, mavuto ndi wamanjenje dongosolo, matenda a m'matumbo.

Pali ngozi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa malamulo SanPiN. madzi ladzala ndi mankhwala pa ntchito zonse (yaitali) Kumwa zingachititse kuledzera aakulu, chifukwa mu chitukuko cha matenda zatchulidwazi. Musaiwale kuti madzimadzi bwino ankachitira kungakhale koipa osati ingestion komanso odzipereka kudzera pakhungu pa madzi mankhwala (kutenga kusamba, kusamba, kusambira mu dziwe).

Choncho, ife timvetsetsa kuti mchere, ndi zazikulu ndi micronutrients, amene zedi yaing'ono kubweretsa okha ife apindule, ndi muyeso zingachititse kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina chiyani kuyan'anila mpaka kalekale mu chamoyo wonse.

zizindikiro Ofunika (mfundo) Quality wa madzi akumwa

• Organoleptic katundu - mtundu, kulawa, kununkhiza, mtundu, chilungamo.
• Toxicological - kukhalapo kwa mankhwala zoipa (phenols, Arsenic, mankhwala zotayidwa, mkala, ndi ena).
• Indicators zokhudza katundu wa madzi - stiffness, pH, pamaso pa mafuta, nitrate chitsulo, manganese, potassium sulfide ndi zina zotero.
• Kuchuluka kwa otsala pambuyo processing mankhwala - chlorine, siliva, chloroform.

Today zofunika kuti khalidwe madzi mu Russia ndi okhwima kwambiri ndi malamulo ndi malamulo a ukhondo ndi malamulo SanPiN chidule. madzi amene amatuluka kuchokera wapampopi kumwa, malinga ndi zolembedwa zolimbana, tiyenera tikhale oyera kuti akhoza kudyedwa mopanda mantha umoyo wawo. Koma mwatsoka, kwenikweni otetezedwa, loonekeratu ndipo ngakhale zothandiza kuti angatchedwe yekha pa siteji ya nyumba chithandizo. Komanso, kudutsa zaka, zambiri dzimbiri ndi kuvala Intaneti madzi, si ladzala ndi tizilombo opindulitsa mineralize ndi woopsa mankhwala zinthu (kutsogolera, Mercury, chitsulo, chromium, Arsenic).

Kodi kutenga madzi mafakitale kuyeretsa

• Madamu (nyanja ndi mitsinje).
• magwero mobisa (boreholes zitsime).
• Mvula ndi meltwater.
• madzi Desalinated ndi mchere.
• The madzi namkholowa lapansi.

Chifukwa madzi zakhudzana

Pali malo angapo a kuipitsa madzi :

• Municipal zinyansi.
• Communal zinyalala.
• Industrial effluents.
• Nthuza zinyalala mafakitale.

Madzi: Standard (yachibadwa)

kuti amafuna madzi chiwombedwa mu Russia ndi malamulo ndi malamulo a SanPiN 2.1.1074-01 ndi GOST. Iripano zizindikiro kiyi.

State ulamuliro wa khalidwe madzi

Ulamuliro khalidwe pulogalamu ya kumwa madzi zikuphatikizapo kusankha nthawi zonse zitsanzo wapampopi madzi ndi bwino ayesedwe pa udindo onse. chiwerengero cha chiphasochi zimadalira anthu otumikiridwa:

• Ochepera 10 000 anthu - kawiri pa mwezi.
• 10 000-20 000 anthu - kakhumi ndi mwezi.
• 20 000-50 000 anthu - nthawi makumi atatu pa mwezi.
• 50 000-100 000 anthu - nthawi handiredi pa mwezi.
• Komanso lina cheke pa anthu 5000.

Madzi pa boreholes

Nthawi zambiri, anthu akhulupirire kuti madzi pa akasupe kuposa madzi ndi abwino akumwa. Ndipotu zimenezi si zoona. Zitsanzo zosankhidwazi madzi M'zinthu zimenezi ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse chimasonyeza unsuitability ake kumwa ngakhale mu maonekedwe a kuwira cha kukhalapo woopsawo ndi zoipa matope, monga:

• Organic mankhwala - mpweya tetrachloride, acrylamide, vinilu kolorayidi ndi michere ina ..
• Mankwala mankhwala - malamulo owonjezera nthaka, kutsogolera faifi tambala.
• Microbiological - E. coli mabakiteriya.
• zitsulo.
• Mankhwala.

Kupewa matenda, madzi m'zitsime onse ndi zitsime zifunike osachepera kawiri pa chaka. Ambiri mwina, pambuyo zitsanzo zosankhidwazi, kuyerekeza zotsatira mfundo kumwa khalidwe madzi ndi kuika n'kupuma machitidwe fyuluta ndi kusintha nthawi. Chifukwa madzi achilengedwe ndi zikusintha ndi kusinthidwa, ndipo zili zosafunika mu nayonso kusintha pa nthawi.

Kodi kuyesa madzi nokha

Today pa malonda pali nambala yaikulu zipangizo wapadera kukayezetsa kunyumba ena zizindikiro za khalidwe la madzi. Koma palinso mophweka kwambiri ndi Kufikika njira aliyense:

• Kuona pamaso pa salt ndi zosafunika. dontho limodzi la madzi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa galasi ndi kudikira mpaka mouma. Ngati pambuyo galasi sadzapitiriza kukhala kusudzulana, kotero madzi tinganene kuti mwangwiro oyera.
• Tingadziwe kupezeka mabakiteriya / tizilombo / mankhwala zinthu / organic. M'pofunika mudzaze atatu-lita mtsuko wa madzi, pachikuto ndi kusiya m'malo a mdima kwa masiku 2-3. Green zolengeza pa makoma adzasonyeza kukhalapo kwa tizilombo, matope pa gombe la pansi - kukhalapo kwa zinthu zapadera organic padziko filimu - wa mankhwala zoipa.
• madzi potability thandizo kudziwa mayeso mwachizolowezi ndi yankho la permanganate potaziyamu. About 100 ml ya wokonzeka njira ofooka permanganate potaziyamu uzipereka mu kapu ya madzi. Madzi ayenera kukhala wowalirako. Ngati mthunzi zasintha ku chikasu - madzi akutengedwa pakamwa ali osavomerezeka.

Kumene, izi mayeso kunyumba singagwire tipende mwatsatanetsatane n'kutsimikizira kuti madzi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo za boma. Koma ngati palibe njira mongoyembekezera kupanga monga njira chinyezi choyezera, m'pofunika amachita osachepera njira zimenezi.

Kodi ndi mmene inu mukhoza kutenga madzi yoganizira

Mchikhalidwe cha khalidwe la madzi akumwa munthu aliyense tsopano akhoza kulamulira zawo. Ngati pali kukayikirana kuti madzi mpopi si akwaniritsa zofunikira zolimbana, m'pofunika pochitika pa zitsanzo zawo madzi. Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita 2-3 chaka, ngati munthu amagwiritsa ntchito madzi a bwino, bwino kapena masika. Kopita? Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu dera mwaukhondo ndi AIDS siteshoni (SES) kapena kulumala zasayansi.

Anatengedwa kusanthula zitsanzo madzi ayesedwa kwa toxicological, organoleptic, mankhwala ndi magawo microbiological malinga ndi mfundo wamba. Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso zasayansi wamba ikupereka umboni kukhazikitsa machitidwe zina kusefera.

kachitidwe Home fyuluta

Kodi kukhala ndi madzi abwino akumwa malinga ndi mfundo? Kodi tingatani kuti bracer wakhala wabwino kwambiri?

Ndi njira yokhayo yotulukira - kukhazikitsa n'kupuma machitidwe fyuluta.

Pali Zosefera mu mawonekedwe a miphika, nozzles pa Crane ndi kompyuta mabokosi - onse a mitundu ali oyenera okha poyamba wabwino kwa madzi abwino kwa wapampopi. More kwambiri ndi wamphamvu Zosefera (pansi lakuya, n'kupuma, matope) ndi zambiri ntchito kuyeretsa madzi m'madera ovutika m'nyumba wakunja kwatawuni, Catering establishments.

Zabwino kwambiri amaonedwa Zosefera wapadera ndi dongosolo n'zosiyana osmosis. Chotero wagawo woyamba kwathunthu adziyeretsa madzi ku zodetsa zonse, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo kenako kachiwiri mineralizes mchere yake. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi zabwino angathe kukhazikitsa magazi ndi chimbudzi, ndipo ngakhale limakupatsani kupulumutsa pa ogulidwa ndi madzi m'botolo.

Kodi ngati palibe fyuluta

Tonsefe kuyambira tili mwana tinayamba kumwa madzi owiritsa. Inde, izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma titatha kutentha zingakhale zovulaza kwambiri ku thanzi:

• Mankhwalawa amatha kutentha panthawi yotentha.
• Oxygen yatayika.
• Chlorini imapanga mankhwala oopsa powira.
• Tsiku lotsatila kutentha, madzi amakhala malo abwino kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.

Popeza palibe amene angatsimikizire kuti chitetezo cha madzi chikuchokera pompopi, ndipo palibe fyuluta, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kumayesetsabe. Tiyeni tikumbukire malamulo ena a "othandiza" otentha:

• Musanayambe madzi, mulole kuti izikhala kwa maola 2-3. Panthawiyi chlorine ambiri idzasanduka nthunzi.
• Chotsani ketulo mwamsanga pambuyo pa zithupsa. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu zambiri zidzasungidwa, ndipo mavairasi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda adzakhala ndi nthawi yoti afe.
• Musasunge madzi owiritsa kwa maola oposa 24.