Ena zinenero

zinenero zonse analankhula pa dziko, ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi dongosolo kwambiri. Ofufuza m'zilembo wosazindikira kulibeko. Aliyense adverb ndi oyenereradi kusinkhasinkha ndi mawu a chikhalidwe kulankhula anthu pa izo.

Kunena chimodzimodzi angati pali lero adverbs kovuta. Osathetsedwa funso mmene chitukuko cha chinenero zinachitika. Komanso, palibe motsimikiza kuti zonse m'zilembo, patois, chilankhulo, alipo pa dziko lapansi ali ndi sayansi. Amanenera ndiwofatsa, chiwerengero cha anthu amene analipo mu zinenero dziko idioetnicheskih kuyambira awiri ndi theka zikwi zitatu. Malinga ndi sukulu apamwamba, chiwerengero cha m'zilembo ndi kangapo zikuluzikulu.

Pali zofunika dialectic banja. Gawo izi zikuphatikiza pachikhalidwe allocated kuti zinenero. Iwo agawidwa malinga mayanjano lawolawo. Pa nthawi imeneyi chachikulu kapena nthambi zonse ukubwera mu zinenero ndi subgroups, komanso m'zilembo kwambiri kudziwika.

Ntchito achikhalire loyamba njira poyerekeza mbiri anali a m'mayiko a ku Ulaya banja. Pambuyo Chisansikiriti, akatswiri ambiri (Russian, French, Italy, Germany, Denmark, etc.) chatsegulidwa kutenga kuphunzira yogwira zimakhalira zizindikiro zofanana nacho osiyana mu Asia ndi Ulaya ofanana mu maonekedwe. Akatswiri German kuti gulu ili "m'mayiko a ku Germany" (ndi zina akadali kuzitcha izo kotero). Komabe, m'mayiko ena, mawu sizikhudza.

zinenero zosiyana m'gulu la banja m'mayiko a European choyamba - ndi Greek (omwe ali okha m'zilembo Greek), aku Iran, Indian (m'mayiko a Aryan). Kumaphatikizaponso Zogona nthambi. Chinali pachiyambi chinenero Latin. Kenako anapanga ana ambiri a nthambi izi. Choncho, anapanga Romance ano, Acelt, Baltic, Germany, Asilavo malongero onsene. Kuphatikizanso amakhala ndi Albania ndi zinkalankhulidwa Chiameniya. magulu zilankhulo izi amadziwa zinthu zokhudzana. Mogwirizana ndi izi ankalankhula losanganikirana. Mwachitsanzo, pali ndi m'mayiko a aku Iran, zinenero Balto-Asilavo.

Banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi wolephera chiwerengero cha m'zilembo kuti afike ku mabanja ena. Komabe, zotchuka kwambiri mwachirengedwe, ndi yaikulu ndi chiwerengero cha okamba (ngakhale ngati mulibe kuganizira anthu onse amene ntchito ngati chilankhulo china Spanish, French, English, Russian, Chipwitikizi ndi ena ambiri).

Ural banja zikuphatikizapo nthambi ziwiri. Chiwerengero cha m'zilembo a m'banja, oposa makumi awiri, ngati inu kutenga zinenero Sami. Ngati tikambirana Sami m'zilembo payekha, kuchuluka okwana dongosolo la adverbs makumi anai.

Finno-Ugric gulu chinenero akuti ndi okwanira. Chiwerengero cha okamba - pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi awiri anthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo Baltic-Chifinishi (Estonia ndi Chifinishi), Ugric (Hungary, Mansi, Khanty), Finno-Volga (Mari ndi Mordvin m'zilembo), Perm subgroup (Zyryan Komi ndi Permian Komi ndi zinenero Udmurt). A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi Sami chilankhulo.

Nthambi yachiwiri ya banja Ural - Samoyeds.

Tikumbukenso kuti magulu ena a chinenero kuti ali mbali ya banja ili ndi pa siteji ikutha. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga yaing'ono m'zilembo Finnic (kupatula Veppsian). Wa chinenero anayi Samoyed ndekha - Nenets. Mwinamwake, kuti unali utapita ndipo Votic chilankhulo.

Ofufuza ambiri, chinenero unakhazikitsidwa pafupifupi hafu miliyoni zapitazo. Komabe, ena olemba amatchula mafanizo ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo akadali chinenero sizikumveka kwambiri maphunziro ndondomeko.